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Understanding data abstraction levels

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The three-level ANSI SPARC Database Architecture suggests three data abstraction levels, namely, *external*, *conceptual*, and *internal* levels. If I understand correctly, the *external* level represents the users' views, the *conceptual* level is the conceptual diagram (ER model), and the *internal* level is the relational model. My problem is that I found in the literature that besides those, there is a fourth level (the lowest one), which is the *physical* level. I want to understand what is it concretely? Is it at this point that we define the type of index, access paths, and things related to physical access to data?
Asked by user2804064 (225 rep)
Sep 21, 2017, 06:26 PM
Last activity: Sep 30, 2022, 05:07 PM