How to search for compound words, and get the word parts returned

I need to be able to search for **compound words** like "*menneskerettighedsforkæmperens*" (the human rights activist's) and find the words "*menneske*" (human), "*rettighed*" (right) and "*forkæmper*" (activist). I have all the words (and hundreds of thousands of other words) listed in MySQL, all in separate rows with additional information about each word (like hyphenation, which is what I need the DB to return), but I need to search a lot of words at the same time, which can be painfully slow. I'm currently using a MySQL database, but willing to switch it out for something better suiting my needs, maybe some kind of NoSQL or elasticsearch. But I haven't been able to find any examples of how to accomplish what I'm looking for in any other type of databases. So if anyone can help me out, I would really appreciate it.