Should/can COMMIT/ROLLBACK emit an error when no transaction is active?

What does ISO/IEC 9075-1:2023 standard say about COMMIT/ROLLBACK queries? Should (or can) they emit an error/exception when executed outside an active transaction? I am asking because of https://jira.mariadb.org/browse/MDEV-32652 and because the standard is not public/free - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20121248/where-can-i-get-read-sql-standard-sql2011 . Here is how the main DB vendors currently behave: SQLite - https://dbfiddle.uk/BmwZpE6v - emits an error MSSQL - https://dbfiddle.uk/IK9y_GEK - emits an error PostgreSQL - https://dbfiddle.uk/tC9pxsJK - no error Oracle - https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53410508#53412359 - have no "start transaction" MySQL - https://dbfiddle.uk/UCxKq6nU - no error