How Can I Optimize Partitioning and Replication Settings in GridDB for High-Volume Time-Series IoT Workloads?

I am designing an **IoT application** that ingests high volumes of time-series data in real time. I am evaluating **GridDB** as the backend due to its in-memory capabilities, hybrid storage model, and ACID compliance for container-level transactions. In particular, I am trying to determine the best partitioning strategy to balance load and achieve efficient query performance for time-based queries. GridDB supports various partitioning methods (hash, interval, and interval-hash), each affecting data distribution and pruning efficiency differently. Also, I need to decide on the replication configuration—choosing between asynchronous and semi-synchronous modes—to balance data consistency, availability, and update overhead. **Below is a sample Java snippet that demonstrates creating a time-series container with a basic schema.** import com.toshiba.mwcloud.gs.*; import com.toshiba.mwcloud.gs.common.*; public class GridDBSetup { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // Establish connection to the GridDB cluster GridStore store = GridStoreFactory.getInstance().getGridStore("clusterName", "username", "password"); // Define container schema for a time-series data container ContainerInfo containerInfo = new ContainerInfo("SensorData", ContainerType.TIME_SERIES); containerInfo.setColumnNames(new String[]{ "timestamp", // primary key (time value) "sensorID", "value", "status" }); containerInfo.setColumnTypes(new DataType[]{ DataType.TIMESTAMP, DataType.STRING, DataType.DOUBLE, DataType.STRING }); // Specify the row key (primary key) column index containerInfo.setRowKeyColumn(0); // Optional: In some GridDB versions, you might include partitioning hints or tuning options. // For example, if using a TQL-based method or custom API for partitioning: // containerInfo.setPartitionOption("INTERVAL '1 DAY'"); // containerInfo.setReplicationNum(3); // for example, 3 replicas // containerInfo.setReplicationMode(0); // 0: Asynchronous, 1: Semi-synchronous // Create the container store.putContainer(containerInfo); // Sample query using TQL to filter by time range String queryString = "SELECT * FROM SensorData WHERE timestamp >= ? AND timestamp rs = query.fetch(); while (rs.hasNext()) { Row row = rs.next(); System.out.println(row.toString()); } // Close connection store.close(); } }