What is the equivalent of Active Directory on Linux

I have a couple of machines at home (plus a number of Linux boxes running in VMs) and I am planning to use one of them as a centralized file server. Since I am more a Linux user rather than a sysadmin, I'd like to know what is the equivalent of, let's say "Active Directory"? My objective is to have my files in any of the machines that I logon in my network.