How do I figure out what is answering a DNS resolution call?

Let's say I have inside of my hosts file an entry for foobar, how do I find out if that file is used or if a remote DNS is answering the resolution for foobar? Do any of the basic utilities give back that information? dig +trace isn't showing me what I want to know dig +trace localhost ; > DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu > +trace localhost ;; global options: +cmd ;; Received 28 bytes from 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) in 0 ms dig +trace google.com ; > DiG 9.10.3-P4-Ubuntu > +trace google.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Received 28 bytes from 127.0.0.53#53(127.0.0.53) in 0 ms I would expect it to tell me that the lookup is resolving to hosts for localhost and my dns server (whichever one) for google.com. If I make a call internally using [getaddrinfo(3)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getaddrinfo) is it hitting the hosts file or the upstream dns server when resolving localhost.