How can I figure out why my laptop optical drive no longer reads CDs/DVDs?

# Summary My laptop's optical drive stopped reading discs a while ago, but I'm never given an error; I want to figure out what exactly is wrong with my optical drive. # Background This is a Toshiba Satellite laptop with Fedora 27. dmesg identifies the drive as MATSHITA DVD-RAM UJ8E2. # Details I noticed the drive stopped reading some time ago after traveling. It may have taken shock damage then, but I'm not sure since I only read CDs/DVDs occasionally (so I don't have an accurate timeline for when it stopped working). When a disc is inserted, I hear the optical drive spin and it sounds like some data is read, but my system never acknowledges that a disc is there. Eventually, the drive spins down. # Linux commands to troubleshoot? I found some older questions, but they were about verifying the integrity of the actual disc media, not the drive itself. Are there any tools to help me debug / figure out the point of failure on an optical drive?