Does a shell automatically connect file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 to its controlling terminal?

From The Linux Programming Interface > In an interactive shell, these three file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 normally refer to the terminal under which the shell is running. 1. Does "the terminal under which the shell is running" mean the controlling terminal of the session to which the interactive shell belongs? If yes, what if the shell's session doesn't have a controlling terminal? 2. When the shell is created from its parent process, will the shell automatically create connection betwee file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 and the terminal, in each of the following cases (inheritance from the parent process of the shell): - if "the terminal under which the shell is running" or the controlling terminal has already been opened at a file descriptor which is not 0, 1 and 2? - if the file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 have already been connected to a file which is not "the terminal under which the shell is running" or the controlling terminal? 3. What if the shell in the quote is noninteractive? Thanks. Btw, just assume "shell" is POSIX or bash. Related https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/446588/how-can-we-disconnect-a-file-descriptor-from-any-file/446591#446591