what are the executable ELF files respectively for static linker, dynamic linker, loader and dynamic loader?

In Linux, what are the executable ELF files respectively for - static linker - dynamic linker - loader - dynamic loader? Which of them are invoked - by execve() - by dlopen()? How are they invoked by execve() or dlopen(), to solve the chicken-egg problem that execve() or dlopen() are used for invoking executable files? Thanks.