zsh testing existence of a key in an associative array via indirect expansion

So I know that you can test for the existence of a regular parameter via indirect expansion by doing something like: foo=1 bar=foo (( ${(P)+bar} )) && print "$bar exists" And I know you can test for the existence of a key inside an associative array by doing something like: foo=([abc]=1) (( ${+foo[abc]} )) && print "abc exists" However I can't figure out how to combine the two and test for the existence of a key inside an associative array via indirect expansion. Is this possible without using eval? I tried several combinations including the following, and none of them worked: foo=([abc]=1) bar=foo (( ${(P)+bar[abc]} )) && print "$bar has key abc" # Test fails (( ${(P)+${bar}[abc]} )) && print "$bar has key abc" # Passes for nonexistant keys (( ${${(P)+bar}[abc]} )) && print "$bar has key abc" # Test fails (( ${${(P)bar}+[abc]} )) && print "$bar has key abc" # prints "zsh: bad output format specification"