GNU tar: How to mix include and exclude on when --listed-incremental is in effect?

I have a tar command where I need to mix "include" and "exclude" operations. This is - when not using --listed-incremental working perfectly, but not when combined with --listed-incremental: ## What I have tried: * Setup test scenario /tmp/tartest$ rm * ; touch a b * --exclude a *before* the include (the simple a) works as expected (a is excluded): /tmp/tartest$ gtar cvf test.tar --exclude a a b b * Include (the simple a) *before* the --exclude a works as expected (a is included): /tmp/tartest$ gtar cvf test.tar a --exclude a a b a b * --exclude a *before* the include (the simple a) works as expected (a is excluded), even with --listed-incremental is in operation: /tmp/tartest$ rm snapshot ; gtar cvf test.tar --listed-incremental=snapshot --exclude a a b b * Include (the simple a) *before* the --exclude a does *not* work as expected (a is *not* included) with --listed-incremental is in operation: /tmp/tartest$ rm snapshot ; gtar cvf test.tar --listed-incremental=snapshot a --exclude a a b b ### Where is a??? * For level-1 incremental backups, the same holds (but plays no role for this question). * My version is 1.34: /tmp/tartest$ gtar --version tar (GNU tar) 1.34 I'm skipping mentioning more tests I have done (obviously my real command line is more complex). ## Question GNU tar 1.34 is from March 2021. I cannot imagine that this very basic functionality is a long-term-bug in tar. I have browsed the bug-tar mailing list and found no relevant mention of "incremental", "include" or "exclude" whatsoever. What am I doing wrong; how do I have to fix my command line so a is included in the archive when it is present befor its respective --exclude on the command line?