I used to bind mount my
/usr
from another volume, as my root volume is almost full. However, with KUbuntu 22.04.1 LTS, I.e., systemd
ver 249.11, I found it impossible now.
Here is how I did it before in /etc/fstab
:
LABEL=bigvol /bigvol auto defaults,noatime,nodiratime,barrier=1,ro 0 2
/bigvol/d-sys/2023-02/usr /usr auto bind,ro 0 0
I.e., with 0 2
, the /bigvol
volume is mounted on boot up, and with 0 0
, the /usr
volume is not mounted until later.
It's been working like that for over 10 years, but with systemd
ver 249.11+ under linux-image-5.15.0-60, it starts to *bind* mount the /usr
volume before any other volumes has been mounted, even when the root volume is temporarily mounted as /root
instead of as /
.
**UPDATE:**
So I tried the suggested
/bigvol/d-sys/2023-02/usr /usr auto bind,ro,x-systemd.requires-mounts-for=/bigvol 0 0
And it is _not_ working, stopped at the _same_ place when the root volume is temporarily mounted as /root
instead of as /
.
But Freddy's answer looks so convincing that I tried something else -- using the exact same syntact to bind mount something else (comment out this /usr
bind mount but added another bind mount directory /var/cache/apt/archives
). And, it, works!
So it seems that
1. systemd
knows that the /usr
volume is very special and should be mounted _before_ anything else.
1. but it fails to see that my /usr
volume is only a bind mount should be mounted _after_ anything else.
lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
Release: 22.04
Codename: jammy
$ apt-cache policy linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic
linux-image-5.15.0-60-generic:
Installed: 5.15.0-60.66
Candidate: 5.15.0-60.66
Version table:
*** 5.15.0-60.66 500
500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-security/main amd64 Packages
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
$ apt-cache policy systemd
systemd:
Installed: 249.11-0ubuntu3.6
Candidate: 249.11-0ubuntu3.6
Version table:
*** 249.11-0ubuntu3.6 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy-updates/main amd64 Packages
100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
249.11-0ubuntu3 500
500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu jammy/main amd64 Packages
Asked by xpt
(1858 rep)
Feb 16, 2023, 10:00 PM
Last activity: Apr 12, 2025, 08:57 AM
Last activity: Apr 12, 2025, 08:57 AM