How to measure network transfer speed against a host from the command line?

I want to measure bandwidth against a host from the command line. Many hosts will be on the internet and outside my control. This will serve to test my actual internet connection bandwidth. I am aware that the connection to a site may be slower than my total bandwidth, depending on how things are set up server side. I am planning to control for this myself, by running the speedtest against several reliable hosts. Solutions like SCP will not work because I don't have SSH access to google.com. I will also be using this for hosts on my LAN, which I control. So an ideal solution would be downloading resources from a webpage, and I can run nginx with a dummy website just for the sake of making it compatible with the test method. My goal is to diagnose my internet connection. I want to compare the bandwidth of my connection to the internet vs. to just my router, and I want to do this many times over time so I can see if there's times of day when it is slow. I know other programs that happen to be running while the speedtest is going may happen to distort results, but I'm willing to deal with that when analyzing the data. Previously, I used the [Speedtest CLI](https://www.speedtest.net/apps/cli) but this is very limited. It only uses that company's servers, takes a very long time, and I can't use it to test the LAN bandwidth.