USB-C -> HDMI adapter not detected anymore

Since updating from Ubuntu 22.04 to 24.04, my [USB-C -> HDMI adapter](https://www.amazon.de/dp/B0C9MD3WHP) is not recognized anymore. I have tried to detect it with lsusb, lspci, usb-devices, dmesg ... whatever I do, plugging the adapter in does not change the output of any of these commands. It's as if nothing was plugged in at all. (Plugging in other USB devices, such as USB sticks, shows up in dmesg, for example.) I have reproduced this behavior on different computers using Ubuntu 24.04, with different USB-C ports. Interestingly, on an Android phone, the USB-C -> HDMI adapter is detected, but transmitting video is not possible (when setting USB to "Controlled by this device", I get the error message "Couldn't switch"). Still, the adapter worked a few days ago with a friend's phone (at a time where it already did not work anymore from Ubuntu). How would you go about diagnosing this problem?