Debian 12 Won't Boot - Kernel Panic

After much Googling and troubleshooting I've given up. I've got Debian 12 running on an old HP Micro 8. LVM is configured: sda 8:0 0 1.8T 0 disk `-sda1 8:1 0 1.8T 0 part `-md127 9:127 0 1.8T 0 raid1 |-md127p1 259:0 0 1.8T 0 part | `-VolumeGroup1-Volume1 253:0 0 4.5T 0 lvm / |-md127p2 259:1 0 1K 0 part `-md127p5 259:2 0 976.9M 0 part `-VolumeGroup1-Volume1 253:0 0 4.5T 0 lvm / sdb 8:16 0 2.7T 0 disk `-sdb1 8:17 0 2.7T 0 part `-md126 9:126 0 2.7T 0 raid1 `-VolumeGroup1-Volume1 253:0 0 4.5T 0 lvm / sdc 8:32 0 2.7T 0 disk `-sdc1 8:33 0 2.7T 0 part `-md126 9:126 0 2.7T 0 raid1 `-VolumeGroup1-Volume1 253:0 0 4.5T 0 lvm / sdd (Debian live USB) 8:48 1 239G 0 disk `-sdd1 8:49 1 239G 0 part sde 8:64 0 1.8T 0 disk `-sde1 8:65 0 1.8T 0 part `-md127 9:127 0 1.8T 0 raid1 |-md127p1 259:0 0 1.8T 0 part | `-VolumeGroup1-Volume1 253:0 0 4.5T 0 lvm / |-md127p2 259:1 0 1K 0 part `-md127p5 259:2 0 976.9M 0 part `-VolumeGroup1-Volume1 253:0 0 4.5T 0 lvm / On boot using the 6.1.0-31-amd64 kernel, I'm getting the error

Kernel Panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(0,0)

. I've typically fixed this in the past by running

update-initramfs -u -k 6.1.0-31-amd64

. This command produces the error

Error: unknown LVM metadata header

, grub-update is the same and grub does not get updated. Booting to a different kernel e.g. 6.1.0-21-amd64 gets me further, but then I'm booted into a read only file system. I can't find the systemd errors because

journalctl -xb

can't find the last boot. I've chrooted from a Debian live usb, mounted my LVM, sys, proc, dev, pts. I've tried uninstalling and reinstalling different kernels with no luck. I've reinstalled grub-efi with no luck either. Grub-install also produces the LVM metadata error. On this,

/boot/efi

is empty. I can't seem to figure out why. Can anyone shed any light on what I can try next? Where can I look to fix the LVM metadata header error? Please let me know if any further info is required and I'll update the question. # edit 1 - ls -lah /boot (comment request)

root@debian:/# ls -lah /boot
total 50M
drwxr-xr-x 4  root root 4.0K Mar 7 22:43 .
drwxr-xr-x 20 root root 4.0K Mar 7 22:54 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1  root root   83 May 3 2024 System.map-6.1.0-21-amd64
-rw-r--r-- 1  root root 254K May 3 2024 config-6.1.0-21-amd64
drwxr-xr-x 2  root root 4.0K Mar 7 21:54 efi
drwxr-xr-x 5  root root 4.0K Mar 7 22:42 grub
-rw-r--r-- 1  root root  42M Mar 7 22:43 initrd.img-6.1.0-21-amd64
-rw-r--r-- 1  root root 7.8M May 3 2024 vmlinuz-6.1.0-21-amd64