Apple Screen Sharing

So I am very confused about the "Screen Sharing" feature on macOS (Ventura or Sonoma). I can use the Apple built-in Screen Share App on my MacBook where it is possible to enter the Apple ID of someone else. Does this only work in the same network or does it work no matter where the other person is located as long as I know the Apple ID (no port forwarding, etc.) that can be entered there in the text field within the app? If I am not wrong when using the IP address instead of Apple ID it only works within the same network or if the other device on another network has port forwarding on its router there. Was a bit worried that someone knowing my Apple ID could relatively easily connect from anywhere in the world to my MacBook by just opening the app and entering the Apple ID.