Arch Linux - pacman connections time out, unable to upgrade system

I am currently troubleshooting a bizarre problem on my Arch Linux system. Since about a week ago, pacman upgrades started failing. Fetching the latest package lists hangs for roughly 10 seconds after returning a bunch of time-out messages, although it still moves on to the upgrade phase. Once I type y, pacman hangs once again for a minute or so before giving up and exiting. Here is an example.

> sudo pacman -Syu --needed
:: Synchronizing package databases...
 core-testing
 core
 extra-testing
 extra
 multilib-testing
 multilib

(hangs 10 seconds)

:: Synchronizing package databases...
 core-testing is up to date
 core is up to date
 extra-testing is up to date
 extra is up to date
 multilib-testing is up to date
 multilib                         135.0 KiB  25.8 KiB/s 00:05 [#################################] 100%
error: failed retrieving file 'multilib-testing.db' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'multilib.db' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'core-testing.db' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection timed out after 10089 milliseconds
warning: too many errors from mirror.funami.tech, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'core.db' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection timed out after 10089 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'extra-testing.db' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection timed out after 10089 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'extra.db' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection timed out after 10089 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'extra-testing.db' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'extra.db' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'multilib-testing.db' from repo.jing.rocks : Resolving timed out after 10097 milliseconds
warning: too many errors from repo.jing.rocks, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'multilib.db' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection timed out after 10097 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'core-testing.db' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection timed out after 10096 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'core.db' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection timed out after 10096 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'core-testing.db' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'core.db' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'extra-testing.db' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Resolving timed out after 10095 milliseconds
warning: too many errors from jp.mirrors.cicku.me, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'extra.db' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10095 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'multilib-testing.db' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10093 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'multilib.db' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10093 milliseconds
:: Starting full system upgrade...
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...
warning: dependency cycle detected:
warning: mesa will be installed before its libglvnd dependency
warning: dependency cycle detected:
warning: nvidia-utils will be installed before its libglvnd dependency
warning: dependency cycle detected:
warning: nvidia-utils will be installed before its libglvnd dependency

warning: insufficient columns available for table display
Packages (1499) abseil-cpp-20250512.1-1  amd-ucode-20250613.12fe085f-5
...

Total Download Size:   11097.39 MiB
Total Installed Size:  33368.63 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:        991.53 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
:: Retrieving packages...
 gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64
 python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64             0.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64    0.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64     0.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64       0.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64   0.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_640.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%
 Total (   0/1498)                0.0   B  0.00   B/s 00:00 [--------------------------------]   0%

(hangs 60 seconds)

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
:: Retrieving packages...
 gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst failed to download
 Total (   8/1498)               10.8 GiB  91.8 MiB/s 02:01 [################################] 100%
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from mirror.funami.tech, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Resolving timed out after 15100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Resolving timed out after 15100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.funami.tech : Connection timed out after 15100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from repo.jing.rocks, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Resolving timed out after 15094 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection timed out after 15094 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection timed out after 15094 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from repo.jing.rocks : Connection timed out after 15094 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
warning: too many errors from jp.mirrors.cicku.me, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10053 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from jp.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10053 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from kr.mirrors.cicku.me, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10094 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from kr.mirrors.cicku.me : Connection timed out after 10094 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from www.miraa.jp, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection timed out after 15102 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection timed out after 15102 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from www.miraa.jp : Connection timed out after 15102 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from mirror.keiminem.com, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection timed out after 10100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection timed out after 10100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection timed out after 10100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.keiminem.com : Connection timed out after 10100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from mirror.siwoo.org, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection timed out after 10055 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection timed out after 10055 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection timed out after 10055 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection timed out after 10055 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.siwoo.org : Connection timed out after 10053 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection timed out after 15100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection timed out after 15100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es : Connection timed out after 15100 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Resolving timed out after 10054 milliseconds
warning: too many errors from mirrors.cat.net, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection timed out after 10054 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirrors.cat.net : Connection timed out after 10053 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'libreoffice-fresh-25.2.4-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-18.0.2-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'python-pytorch-cuda-2.7.1-2-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection time-out
warning: too many errors from mirror.yuki.net.uk, skipping for the remainder of this transaction
error: failed retrieving file 'nccl-2.27.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'gitlab-runner-18.0.3-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection time-out
error: failed retrieving file 'nvidia-utils-575.64-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection timed out after 10101 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'root-cuda-6.36.00-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection timed out after 10101 milliseconds
error: failed retrieving file 'linux-zen-6.15.2.zen1-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst' from mirror.yuki.net.uk : Connection timed out after 10100 milliseconds
warning: failed to retrieve some files
error: failed to commit transaction (failed to retrieve some files)
Errors occurred, no packages were upgraded.

I attempted to refresh mirrors using

but it didn't resolve the issue. As of writing this question, the mirrors that are in use are as follows:

> cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
################################################################################
################# Arch Linux mirrorlist generated by Reflector #################
################################################################################

# With:       reflector @/etc/xdg/reflector/reflector.conf
# When:       2025-06-17 22:36:48 UTC
# From:       https://archlinux.org/mirrors/status/json/ 
# Retrieved:  2025-06-17 22:36:48 UTC
# Last Check: 2025-06-17 22:16:01 UTC

Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch 

Below is reflector's settings.

> cat /etc/xdg/reflector/reflector.conf 
# Reflector configuration file for the systemd service.
#
# Empty lines and lines beginning with "#" are ignored.  All other lines should
# contain valid reflector command-line arguments. The lines are parsed with
# Python's shlex modules so standard shell syntax should work. All arguments are
# collected into a single argument list.
#
# See "reflector --help" for details.

# Recommended Options

# Set the output path where the mirrorlist will be saved (--save).
--save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

# Select the transfer protocol (--protocol).
--protocol https

# Select the country (--country).
# Consult the list of available countries with "reflector --list-countries" and
# select the countries nearest to you or the ones that you trust. For example:
--country "South Korea,Japan"

# Use only the  most recently synchronized mirrors (--latest).
--latest 10

# Sort the mirrors by synchronization time (--sort).
--sort age

Finally this is

's settings.

> sudo pacman-conf
[options]
RootDir = /
DBPath = /var/lib/pacman/
CacheDir = /var/cache/pacman/pkg/
HookDir = /etc/pacman.d/hooks/
GPGDir = /etc/pacman.d/gnupg/
LogFile = /var/log/pacman.log
DownloadUser = alpm
HoldPkg = pacman
HoldPkg = glibc
Architecture = x86_64
Color
CheckSpace
VerbosePkgLists
ParallelDownloads = 8
CleanMethod = KeepInstalled
SigLevel = PackageRequired
SigLevel = PackageTrustedOnly
SigLevel = DatabaseOptional
SigLevel = DatabaseTrustedOnly
LocalFileSigLevel = PackageOptional
LocalFileSigLevel = PackageTrustedOnly
[core-testing]
Usage = All
Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/core-testing/os/x86_64 
[core]
Usage = All
Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/core/os/x86_64 
[extra-testing]
Usage = All
Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/extra-testing/os/x86_64 
[extra]
Usage = All
Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/extra/os/x86_64 
[multilib-testing]
Usage = All
Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/multilib-testing/os/x86_64 
[multilib]
Usage = All
Server = https://mirror.funami.tech/arch/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://repo.jing.rocks/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://jp.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://kr.mirrors.cicku.me/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://www.miraa.jp/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.keiminem.com/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.siwoo.org/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.aria-on-the-planet.es/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirrors.cat.net/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 
Server = https://mirror.yuki.net.uk/archlinux/multilib/os/x86_64 

I also tried upgrading the keyring but that didn't do anything.

> sudo pacman -S archlinux-keyring
warning: archlinux-keyring-20250430.1-1 is up to date -- reinstalling
resolving dependencies...
looking for conflicting packages...

Package (1)             Old Version   New Version   Net Change  Download Size

core/archlinux-keyring  20250430.1-1  20250430.1-1    0.00 MiB       1.18 MiB

Total Download Size:   1.18 MiB
Total Installed Size:  1.68 MiB
Net Upgrade Size:      0.00 MiB

:: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] y
:: Retrieving packages...
 archlinux-keyring-2025043...  1208.4 KiB  5.22 MiB/s 00:00 [################################] 100%
(1/1) checking keys in keyring                              [################################] 100%
(1/1) checking package integrity                            [################################] 100%
(1/1) loading package files                                 [################################] 100%
(1/1) checking for file conflicts                           [################################] 100%
(1/1) checking available disk space                         [################################] 100%
:: Processing package changes...
(1/1) reinstalling archlinux-keyring                        [################################] 100%
==> Appending keys from archlinux.gpg...
==> Updating trust database...
gpg: next trustdb check due at 2025-07-01
:: Running post-transaction hooks...
(1/3) Reloading system manager configuration...
(2/3) Restarting marked services...
(3/3) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...

> sudo pacman-key --init
> sudo pacman-key --populate archlinux
==> Appending keys from archlinux.gpg...
==> Updating trust database...
gpg: next trustdb check due at 2025-07-01

> sudo pacman-key --refresh
...
gpg: error retrieving 'i@iff.ink' via WKD: No data
gpg: error reading key: No data
gpg: error retrieving 'code@escondida.tk' via WKD: Server indicated a failure
gpg: error reading key: Server indicated a failure
gpg: error retrieving 'code@iff.ink' via WKD: No data
gpg: error reading key: No data
gpg: error retrieving 'escondida@escondida.tk' via WKD: Server indicated a failure
gpg: error reading key: Server indicated a failure
gpg: error retrieving 'i@escondida.tk' via WKD: Server indicated a failure
gpg: error reading key: Server indicated a failure
...

Assuming

was not selecting the best mirrors, I copied the [Worldwide Mirrorlist](https://archlinux.org/mirrorlist/?country=all&protocol=http&protocol=https&ip_version=4) and tried again. No progress. Finally, I dialed my ISP, explained my situation and was issued a new IP address in a different subnet. Still failed. However, I was surprised to notice that I could upgrade using

, the AUR wrapper. I was able to upgrade a single package that does not have dependencies without issues. However,

--needed

, which calls pacman to upgrade the entire system at once failed in the same way. I did not try to upgrade the remaining 1400+ packages due to fears of a partial upgrade. I tried clearing the cache as well but to no avail. Is pacman fixable or am I forced to reinstall the whole system?