I'm running Fedora 20. I'd like to make Ekiga always ring using my speakers instead of my headset. The list of devices for ringing are: * HDA Intel * Alsa output * PulseAudio * Default I have no idea of how this maps into real world hardware. How to always make it ring on the speakers?

is this the typical Asterisk topology ? On my home system, I have the Asterisk server, tleilax, and the client, doge, connecting into my router -- so that they're both on the same network. The IP addresses are: router 192.168.1.1 tleilax 192.168.1.2 doge 192.168.1.x (usually 3) Based on the above image, I don't quite understand what the topology should look like. What if you have multiple clients? They can't all connect to tleilax unless you put in a ton of NIC's! Here you see multiple clients connected to an Asterisk box: but no mention of a switch... Pardon, if it's in the definitive guide , I missed it. (I have the 4th ed.) This diagram: well useful, doesn't help me to understand the network topology of a simple setup, but with multiple clients..

I want to play something by aplay and i want to this sound appear on ekiga input device as on microphone. How to do that?

My webcam is working properly using other programs - Camorama , Guvcview and web browsers(firefox and chrome); ekiga recognizes my webcam too and it even turns on its indicator light but there is nothing but an empty window: " class="img-fluid rounded" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto; margin: 10px 0;" loading="lazy"> I played with camera settings in ekiga but no luck; also tried ekiga's debug option, yet nothing related showed up. While opening camera with ekiga, dmesg gives me the bolded text: **[Apr18 00:52] uvcvideo: Failed to query (GET_DEF) UVC control 9 on unit 2: -110 (exp. 2).** dmesg output: [Apr18 00:50] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated Camera (5986:02d2) [ +0.001849] input: Integrated Camera as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb4/4-1/4-1.6/4-1.6:1.0/input/input14 [ +0.000065] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo [ +0.000003] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1) [Apr18 00:51] usbcore: deregistering interface driver uvcvideo [ +10.744755] uvcvideo: Found UVC 1.00 device Integrated Camera (5986:02d2) [ +0.001819] input: Integrated Camera as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb4/4-1/4-1.6/4-1.6:1.0/input/input15 [ +0.000069] usbcore: registered new interface driver uvcvideo [ +0.000002] USB Video Class driver (1.1.1) [Apr18 00:52] uvcvideo: Failed to query (GET_DEF) UVC control 9 on unit 2: -110 (exp. 2). **lsusb output** # lsusb -v -d 5986:02d2 Bus 004 Device 003: ID 5986:02d2 Acer, Inc Device Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 1 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 239 Miscellaneous Device bDeviceSubClass 2 bDeviceProtocol 1 Interface Association bMaxPacketSize0 64 idVendor 0x5986 Acer, Inc idProduct 0x02d2 bcdDevice 0.07 iManufacturer 1 Ricoh Company Ltd. iProduct 2 Integrated Camera iSerial 0 bNumConfigurations 1 Configuration Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 2 wTotalLength 794 bNumInterfaces 2 bConfigurationValue 1 iConfiguration 0 bmAttributes 0x80 (Bus Powered) MaxPower 200mA Interface Association: bLength 8 bDescriptorType 11 bFirstInterface 0 bInterfaceCount 2 bFunctionClass 14 Video bFunctionSubClass 3 Video Interface Collection bFunctionProtocol 0 iFunction 4 Integrated Camera Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 0 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 1 Video Control bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 4 Integrated Camera VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 13 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (HEADER) bcdUVC 1.00 wTotalLength 104 dwClockFrequency 30.000000MHz bInCollection 1 baInterfaceNr( 0) 1 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 18 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 2 (INPUT_TERMINAL) bTerminalID 1 wTerminalType 0x0201 Camera Sensor bAssocTerminal 5 iTerminal 0 wObjectiveFocalLengthMin 0 wObjectiveFocalLengthMax 0 wOcularFocalLength 0 bControlSize 3 bmControls 0x00040a0e Auto-Exposure Mode Auto-Exposure Priority Exposure Time (Absolute) Zoom (Absolute) PanTilt (Absolute) Privacy VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 11 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (PROCESSING_UNIT) Warning: Descriptor too short bUnitID 2 bSourceID 1 wMaxMultiplier 0 bControlSize 2 bmControls 0x0000157f Brightness Contrast Hue Saturation Sharpness Gamma White Balance Temperature Backlight Compensation Power Line Frequency White Balance Temperature, Auto iProcessing 0 bmVideoStandards 0x1b None NTSC - 525/60 SECAM - 625/50 NTSC - 625/50 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 27 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 6 (EXTENSION_UNIT) bUnitID 3 guidExtensionCode {0a3e1874-8254-1a48-b402-48b8b8c49cc8} bNumControl 12 bNrPins 1 baSourceID( 0) 2 bControlSize 2 bmControls( 0) 0xff bmControls( 1) 0x0f iExtension 0 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 26 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 6 (EXTENSION_UNIT) bUnitID 4 guidExtensionCode {ed2a1c0b-f739-d145-8100-fbcfac7ace06} bNumControl 6 bNrPins 1 baSourceID( 0) 3 bControlSize 1 bmControls( 0) 0x3f iExtension 0 VideoControl Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 3 (OUTPUT_TERMINAL) bTerminalID 5 wTerminalType 0x0101 USB Streaming bAssocTerminal 0 bSourceID 4 iTerminal 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x81 EP 1 IN bmAttributes 3 Transfer Type Interrupt Synch Type None Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0010 1x 16 bytes bInterval 8 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 0 bNumEndpoints 0 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 15 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 1 (INPUT_HEADER) bNumFormats 2 wTotalLength 563 bEndPointAddress 130 bmInfo 1 bTerminalLink 5 bStillCaptureMethod 1 bTriggerSupport 0 bTriggerUsage 0 bControlSize 1 bmaControls( 0) 27 bmaControls( 1) 27 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 27 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 4 (FORMAT_UNCOMPRESSED) bFormatIndex 1 bNumFrameDescriptors 8 guidFormat {59555932-0000-1000-8000-00aa00389b71} bBitsPerPixel 16 bDefaultFrameIndex 1 bAspectRatioX 0 bAspectRatioY 0 bmInterlaceFlags 0x02 Interlaced stream or variable: No Fields per frame: 1 fields Field 1 first: No Field pattern: Field 1 only bCopyProtect 0 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 1 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 640 wHeight 480 dwMinBitRate 73728000 dwMaxBitRate 147456000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 614400 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 2 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 640 wHeight 360 dwMinBitRate 55296000 dwMaxBitRate 110592000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 460800 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 3 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 352 wHeight 288 dwMinBitRate 24330240 dwMaxBitRate 48660480 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 202752 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 4 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 320 wHeight 240 dwMinBitRate 18432000 dwMaxBitRate 36864000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 153600 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 30 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 5 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 800 wHeight 448 dwMinBitRate 86016000 dwMaxBitRate 86016000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 716800 dwDefaultFrameInterval 666666 bFrameIntervalType 1 dwFrameInterval( 0) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 30 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 6 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 960 wHeight 540 dwMinBitRate 82944000 dwMaxBitRate 82944000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 1036800 dwDefaultFrameInterval 1000000 bFrameIntervalType 1 dwFrameInterval( 0) 1000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 30 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 7 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 1280 wHeight 720 dwMinBitRate 147456000 dwMaxBitRate 147456000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 1843200 dwDefaultFrameInterval 1000000 bFrameIntervalType 1 dwFrameInterval( 0) 1000000 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 5 (FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED) bFrameIndex 8 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 424 wHeight 240 dwMinBitRate 24422400 dwMaxBitRate 48844800 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 203520 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 6 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 13 (COLORFORMAT) bColorPrimaries 1 (BT.709,sRGB) bTransferCharacteristics 1 (BT.709) bMatrixCoefficients 4 (SMPTE 170M (BT.601)) VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 11 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 6 (FORMAT_MJPEG) bFormatIndex 2 bNumFrameDescriptors 7 bFlags 0 Fixed-size samples: No bDefaultFrameIndex 1 bAspectRatioX 0 bAspectRatioY 0 bmInterlaceFlags 0x02 Interlaced stream or variable: No Fields per frame: 2 fields Field 1 first: No Field pattern: Field 1 only bCopyProtect 0 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 1 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 640 wHeight 480 dwMinBitRate 110592000 dwMaxBitRate 221184000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 921600 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 2 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 640 wHeight 360 dwMinBitRate 82944000 dwMaxBitRate 165888000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 691200 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 3 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 352 wHeight 288 dwMinBitRate 36495360 dwMaxBitRate 72990720 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 304128 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 4 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 320 wHeight 240 dwMinBitRate 27648000 dwMaxBitRate 55296000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 230400 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 5 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 800 wHeight 448 dwMinBitRate 129024000 dwMaxBitRate 258048000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 1075200 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 6 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 960 wHeight 540 dwMinBitRate 186624000 dwMaxBitRate 373248000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 1555200 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 34 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 7 (FRAME_MJPEG) bFrameIndex 7 bmCapabilities 0x01 Still image supported wWidth 1280 wHeight 720 dwMinBitRate 331776000 dwMaxBitRate 663552000 dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize 2764800 dwDefaultFrameInterval 333333 bFrameIntervalType 2 dwFrameInterval( 0) 333333 dwFrameInterval( 1) 666666 VideoStreaming Interface Descriptor: bLength 6 bDescriptorType 36 bDescriptorSubtype 13 (COLORFORMAT) bColorPrimaries 1 (BT.709,sRGB) bTransferCharacteristics 1 (BT.709) bMatrixCoefficients 4 (SMPTE 170M (BT.601)) Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 1 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x0b5c 2x 860 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 2 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x135c 3x 860 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 3 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x13c0 3x 960 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 4 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x13fc 3x 1020 bytes bInterval 1 Interface Descriptor: bLength 9 bDescriptorType 4 bInterfaceNumber 1 bAlternateSetting 5 bNumEndpoints 1 bInterfaceClass 14 Video bInterfaceSubClass 2 Video Streaming bInterfaceProtocol 0 iInterface 0 Endpoint Descriptor: bLength 7 bDescriptorType 5 bEndpointAddress 0x82 EP 2 IN bmAttributes 5 Transfer Type Isochronous Synch Type Asynchronous Usage Type Data wMaxPacketSize 0x1400 3x 1024 bytes bInterval 1 Device Qualifier (for other device speed): bLength 10 bDescriptorType 6 bcdUSB 2.00 bDeviceClass 239 Miscellaneous Device bDeviceSubClass 2 bDeviceProtocol 1 Interface Association bMaxPacketSize0 64 bNumConfigurations 1 can't get debug descriptor: Resource temporarily unavailable Device Status: 0x0000 (Bus Powered) What is the problem? What can I do to make ekiga work with my webcam?