How to dump full device settings on recent Samsung from Linux?

In my case, I would really be annoyed to no longer have phone/lte working because of the detection of a non Samsung firmware. So I’d like to root the device (or boot from the sd card) by modifying the current firmware (especially since an official Samsung update changed the bootloader along with the kernel last month). I want to dump full storage including the apps stored on /data. But so far, all I found doesn’t work on the latest Samsung or is for Windows only.