Resolving "Invalid argument (22)" error in Rsync when syncing large datasets

I am using rsync to sync around ~2TB of data. I get the following errors in the log file:

rsync: [receiver] mkstemp "/mnt/sd25-4tb-bkp4-mnt4/tns-maindatads-smb/tns-maindatads-smb/main-data-subds-1/GoogleDrive-alk8915-bkp-2024-07-09-1800/Programirane neshta failove alk19890105/SoftUni/SoftUni AI 2021 Materials/SoftUni - AI - Data Science June 2021/softuni-ai-datascience-2021-project-FINAL-SUBMISSION/softuni-ai-datascience-2021-project-atkuzmanov-FINAL/resources/images/.Icon\#015.pu2lTm" failed: Invalid argument (22)

I researched around for this error, but everywhere I found related to ownership, which should not be my case, as I am using --no-o and --no-g. I think it is probably related to some special symbols, such as new line or ":" (colon). I definitely have some files and directories which contain ":" (colon), they are system files and I want to be able to synchronize them without renaming them as this will cause problems. How can I do that? Here is the rsync sync command I am running with the flags:

rsync -avvvzh \
  "$SRC" \
  "$DEST_DIR" \
  --log-file=$log_file \
  --progress \
  --links \
  --checksum \
  --bwlimit="192M" \
  --delete-during \
  --delete \
  --timeout="60" \
  --compress \
  --no-o \
  --no-g

Rsync version:

rsync --version
rsync  version 3.2.7  protocol version 31
Copyright (C) 1996-2022 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.
Web site: https://rsync.samba.org/ 
Capabilities:
    64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,
    socketpairs, symlinks, symtimes, hardlinks, hardlink-specials,
    hardlink-symlinks, IPv6, atimes, batchfiles, inplace, append, ACLs,
    xattrs, optional secluded-args, iconv, prealloc, stop-at, no crtimes
Optimizations:
    SIMD-roll, no asm-roll, openssl-crypto, no asm-MD5
Checksum list:
    xxh128 xxh3 xxh64 (xxhash) md5 md4 sha1 none
Compress list:
    zstd lz4 zlibx zlib none
Daemon auth list:
    sha512 sha256 sha1 md5 md4

rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.  This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions.  See the GNU
General Public Licence for details.

Ubuntu Server version:

ubuntu 24.04 (64 bit) LTS