I have Ubuntu server 24.04 running on a desktop machine. It has a GUI installed (though I don't know if that is relevant). I am running this server as a headless machine at the moment, though until recently it was running with a monitor attached and everything was OK. Now, when I SSH to the machine it will shutdown after 15 minutes, even if I am doing something on it, or if I am doing a long download. I have edited /etc/systemd/logind.conf as follows: IdleAction=ignore HandleSuspendKey=ignore HandleHibernateKey=ignore HandleLidSwitch=ignore HandleLidSwitchExternalPower=ignore HandleLidSwitchDocked=ignore Everything else is commented out. This is a Desktop machine so issues of lid closure are not relevant even though I have specified them (copied from another post). I have also run sudo systemctl restart systemd-logind, followed by a reboot. I can RDP to the GUI using Remmina, and the only power options available are to set Power Mode to 'Balanced' (the default), and I have set 'Screen Blank' to 'Never', though I would have thought this is not relevant. I am at a loss as to what else I can do. Any suggestions, please. As I said, this all seemed to start when I went headless! Regards, StuartM

Hello I get this error when i want to capture my screen on linux with ffmpeg ubuntu 16:04 : the command i'am using : $ ffmpeg -f x11grab -r 15 -s 1920x1080 -i :0.0+0,0 -vcodec rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p -threads 0 -f v4l2 /dev/video0 ffmpeg version 4.1.1-0york1~16.04 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers built with gcc 5.4.0 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11) 20160609 configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version='0york1~16.04' --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared libavutil 56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100 libavcodec 58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100 libavformat 58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100 libavdevice 58. 5.100 / 58. 5.100 libavfilter 7. 40.101 / 7. 40.101 libavresample 4. 0. 0 / 4. 0. 0 libswscale 5. 3.100 / 5. 3.100 libswresample 3. 3.100 / 3. 3.100 libpostproc 55. 3.100 / 55. 3.100 [x11grab @ 0x5611f156e540] Cannot open display :0.0+0,0, error 1. :0.0+0,0: Input/output error

Similar to here , but no solution was found for them either. I also tried checking the history, see if something was running 'rm' but no dice. Periodically, my device stops responding. The *only* commands I can use are builtin shell commands such as cd, echo, pwd. Any other command such as ls (bin) or fsck (sbin)... all show -bash: /usr/bin/ls: no such file or directory, yet the files still exist. If I cd into /usr/bin and run echo *, I see a list of all the commands that supposedly cannot be found. ls, sudo, ect... , but I cannot execute them. Attempting to manually execute /usr/bin/ls results in the same error. I checked my path variable... it seemed fine echo $PATH /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin The only files I noticed missing were usr/bin/init and usr/sbin/init (thus prompting the boot to initramfs on restart). Additionally, under root / the /bin and /sbin folders were *gone*, possibly the symlinks were missing? On a working install, there is a symlink between /bin -> /usr/bin When this occurs, since I have no permissions, and nothing else works, I am forced to restart by powering off/on the machine, followed by it booting to initramfs. I know a temporary fix to the the issue... From an USB with a fresh install of my distribution, I copy over /bin, /sbin, /lib to my boot partition under /root. But this doesn't solve it permanently, and the issue comes back after a while. I would really appreciate any help, I'm honestly completely lost as to what to do now. I have tried... *1. fsck the partitions.* Both my boot partition (mmcblk0p1) & root partition (mmcblk0p2) seem fine. Dirty bit was set on boot partition 0p1, likely due to hard poweroff. 2nd pass determined no issues. *2. badblocks* found 0 bad blocks in its read test *3. Memtest the device* I haven't been able to memtest it yet, as I cannot figure out how to get my device to boot to it. I flashed memtest to an SD card, as well as a usb. My device won't boot from either. I don't have a bios, it's running u-boot. Supposedly, I can interrupt the u-boot process to select where to boot, but pressing keys does nothing during boot. Someone here suggests it may be that there isn't USB support for the keyboard in u-boot, only once it boots to linux... making it impossible to boot from another drive? The device is an Orange Pi 5B, with Ubuntu 22.04 flashed to the EMMC drive built onto the device. *4. Test the PSU* I am running with this 5v 4a PSU, people Here seem to have similar issues. How can I test if my PSU is the issue, or if nothing else, can someone suggest one that wont have problems, so I can rule the PSU issue out?

I have *Ubuntu 19.04*, and I am facing issues with sounds. When playing audio, I get audio through only one of the speakers (the left one, that is). Also, the volume is pretty low. I run the same on windows 10 (through dual boot), and both speakers run perfectly fine with proper amplification. What should I do?

Both of them use bash, but the one used on arch linux has way better auto-completion. But why is that? Both of them claim to use normal Bash, so how can that be true? ---- I forgot to clarify that what I meant by Arch linux was it's installation ISO. I have never tried out the actual Arch linux. Also, I have tried ZSH and the auto-completion on ZSH seems similar to the arch bash's. Is it because of an additional package? --- The differences between Arch's Bash and Ubuntu's Bash is noticeable enough to understand what I'm talking about. Here is a little example: cat ./ (The command is not entered) - **Arch's Bash**: When I press TAB, all possible options are shown in a nice and very organized way, and when I press the down and up arrow keys, it allows me to select from those options. - **Ubuntu's Bash**: When I press TAB, all possible options are shown, sometimes in a nice and fairly organized way, but arrow keys just scroll between history of commands, not options. Not convenient. This is one way Arch's Bash is better than Ubuntu's Bash. This is assuming there are not too many options and around 16 options to choose from. Arch's ISO is the version released on July 2025.

I am trying to set up my nextcloud account so that i can log in. When I try to log in with sudo mount -t davfs2 ... it keeps on asking for my next cloud credentials - it does not get them from the secrets file that i created. I have followed the tutorials online with the only difference being that the tutorials specify to update the /etc/fstab file. But i do not want to do this because i have this set up on my laptop where i only sporadically have access to the internet. I would prefer to use sudo mount.... and have the credential input automaticall from the secrects file (i understand that each time i will need to input my sudo password). I believe that what is happening is that when i use sudo mount .... it is trying to load the system /etc/davfs2 configuration instead of my local .davfs2. I believe this because when i try to configure the /etc/davfs2 (to point to my secrets file) i get config erorrs. But when i purposefully put errors in the local .davfs2 config file the system never seems to recognise it. the only other thing i can think to do is allow local users permission to run mount which i would prefer not to do. What i may be doing wrong? PS - using Xubuntu

I am using Ubuntu 14.04LTS with dual Monitor. I am unable to figure out the problem occurring with the mouse pointer. The mouse pointer blinks and at times it disappears.

When we use svn to push files from local or remote server to svn end or delete files, we may meet a problem about "cannot remove Device or resource busy". The reason is that we didn't do svn commit and svn update after doing one svn add or svn delete, then we did another svn add or svn delete. On this condition, svn cleanup may not solve this problem as well. So how should we solve this problem.

I tried running the script as instructed in https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/rootless/ : $ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com/rootless | sh But the script crashed in the following line: curl -L -o docker.tgz "$STATIC_RELEASE_URL" With the message: Warning: Failed to create the file docker.tgz: Permission denied curl: (23) Failure writing output to destination I narrowed down the problem to curl trying to write to the tmp folder created by mktemp -d, but I don't understand why it fails. Some context: $ whoami thiago $ uname -a Linux thiago-acer 5.8.0-55-generic #62~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 2 08:55:04 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ mktemp -d /tmp/tmp.U1nPTN5dlS $ cd /tmp/tmp.U1nPTN5dlS $ ls -la total 8 drwx------ 2 thiago thiago 4096 Jun 17 18:20 . drwxrwxrwt 25 root root 4096 Jun 17 18:20 .. After running the commands above, I tried: # this fails with the same message as above curl https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.7.tgz -O # this works just fine curl https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.7.tgz -o - > docker-20.10.7.tgz # this also works wget https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-20.10.7.tgz The curl -O command also works if I try it on some other folder, like my home folder. Any help is appreciated.

I'm trying to proot absolutely minimal environment in Ubuntu (as an initial step for further activities), but I can't solve following error:

proot warning: can't chdir("/home/user/Downloads/Proot/./.") in the guest rootfs: No such file or directory
proot info: default working directory is now "/"
proot error: execve("/bin/sh"): No such file or directory
proot info: possible causes:
  * the program is a script but its interpreter (eg. /bin/sh) was not found;
  * the program is an ELF but its interpreter (eg. ld-linux.so) was not found;
  * the program is a foreign binary but qemu was not specified;
  * qemu does not work correctly (if specified);
  * the loader was not found or doesn't work.
fatal error: see proot --help.

Proot root directory is initialized using following commands:

mkdir -p ./001_busybox/{bin,etc,lib,proc,sys,tmp,dev}
cp /bin/busybox ./001_busybox/bin
cd ./001_busybox/bin
./busybox --install -s .

cd ../lib
mkdir ./x86_64-linux-gnu
cp /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 ./x86_64-linux-gnu/

cp /lib/ld-linux.so.2 .

Then I try to proot using commands:

export PROOT_NO_SECCOMP=1
unset LD_PRELOAD
proot -0 -b /dev -b /proc -b /sys -r ./001_busybox /bin/sh

I've tried many combinations found in Google (including using / not using PROOT_NO_SECCOMP and LD_PRELOAD variables - e.g. PROOT_NO_SECCOMP should be just a workaround for kernel bug on obsolete 32-bit platforms, it's probably not needed more), but without any success. Problem is, that on another PC with 32-bit Ubuntu exactly the same steps work perfectly fine, just directory i386-linux-gnu is used instead of x86_64-linux-gnu. So I can't understand why it works on 32-bit platform, but not on 64-bit Ubuntu. Issue is probably not caused by Busybox which I try to start since strace reports it can't change directory (= one step before executing the shell):

execve("/usr/bin/proot", ["proot", "-0", "-r", "./001_busybox", "/bin/sh"], 0x7ffd018c6300 /* 64 vars */) = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x55d7d7a0b000
arch_prctl(0x3001 /* ARCH_??? */, 0x7ffe786a9c00) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK)      = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=143139, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 143139, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0x7fefe1fa8000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtalloc.so.2", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0 4\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=67664, ...}) = 0
mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fefe1fa6000
mmap(NULL, 69712, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fefe1f94000
mmap(0x7fefe1f97000, 40960, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x3000) = 0x7fefe1f97000
mmap(0x7fefe1fa1000, 12288, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xd000) = 0x7fefe1fa1000
mmap(0x7fefe1fa4000, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0xf000) = 0x7fefe1fa4000
close(3)                                = 0
openat(AT_FDCWD, "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
read(3, "\177ELF\2\1\1\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0>\0\1\0\0\0\300A\2\0\0\0\0\0"..., 832) = 832
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0W\222s/x1X\306o\264\363udX\312$"..., 68, 880) = 68
fstat(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=2029592, ...}) = 0
pread64(3, "\6\0\0\0\4\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0@\0\0\0\0\0\0\0"..., 784, 64) = 784
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\20\0\0\0\5\0\0\0GNU\0\2\0\0\300\4\0\0\0\3\0\0\0\0\0\0\0", 32, 848) = 32
pread64(3, "\4\0\0\0\24\0\0\0\3\0\0\0GNU\0W\222s/x1X\306o\264\363udX\312$"..., 68, 880) = 68
mmap(NULL, 2037344, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0x7fefe1da2000
mmap(0x7fefe1dc4000, 1540096, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x22000) = 0x7fefe1dc4000
mmap(0x7fefe1f3c000, 319488, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x19a000) = 0x7fefe1f3c000
mmap(0x7fefe1f8a000, 24576, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1e7000) = 0x7fefe1f8a000
mmap(0x7fefe1f90000, 13920, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fefe1f90000
close(3)                                = 0
mmap(NULL, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7fefe1d9f000
arch_prctl(ARCH_SET_FS, 0x7fefe1d9f740) = 0
mprotect(0x7fefe1f8a000, 16384, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fefe1fa4000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x55d7d6579000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0
mprotect(0x7fefe1ff8000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
munmap(0x7fefe1fa8000, 143139)          = 0
brk(NULL)                               = 0x55d7d7a0b000
brk(0x55d7d7a2c000)                     = 0x55d7d7a2c000
getpid()                                = 3537
getcwd("/home/user/Downloads/Proot", 4096) = 27
lstat("/home/user/Downloads/Proot/001_busybox", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0775, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
getcwd("/home/user/Downloads/Proot", 4096) = 27
stat("/home/user/Downloads/Proot/001_busybox/home", 0x7ffe786a5850) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
lstat("/home/user/Downloads/Proot/001_busybox/home", 0x7ffe786a5970) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
write(2, "proot warning: ", 15proot warning: )         = 15
write(2, "can't chdir(\"/home/user/Download"..., 92can't chdir("/home/user/Downloads/Proot/./.") in the guest rootfs: No such file or directory) = 92
write(2, "\n", 1

Why proot (only 64-bit, but not on another 32-bit PC where everything works fine) is trying to change dir to the /home to start shell after it's prooted? Shell is specified in /bin/sh, not relatively to current directory: proot -0 -b /dev -b /proc -b /sys -r ./001_busybox /bin/sh

My Ubuntu client is still using an OLD DNS in systemd-resolve. When I run systemd-resolve --status I find old and new DNS. The new DNS has been set using DHCP scope options on my network. I've successfully updated all my RHEL systems, but this is not the case for Debian/Ubuntu systemd: From systemd-resolve --status:

DNSSEC setting: no
    DNSSEC supported: no
         DNS Servers: 192.168.10.44 ( OLD )
                      192.168.10.69 ( NEW )

**resolved.conf**

cat /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.
#
# Entries in this file show the compile time defaults.
# You can change settings by editing this file.
# Defaults can be restored by simply deleting this file.
#
# See resolved.conf(5) for details

[Resolve]
#DNS=
#FallbackDNS=
#Domains=
#LLMNR=no
#MulticastDNS=no
#DNSSEC=no
#Cache=yes
#DNSStubListener=yes

**resolv.conf**

# This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the
# internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all
# configured search domains.
#
# Run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers
# currently in use.
#
# Third party programs must not access this file directly, but only through the
# symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a different way,
# replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.

nameserver 127.0.0.53
search example.com

**/etc/systemd/network/** is empty. I've countless times tried to restart systemd-resolved and systemd-networkd, since I read somewhere in Github systemd repo that systemd-networkd is responsible for updating stuff with DHCP which systemd-resolve will use. **EDIT:** **/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf**

# This file is managed by man:systemd-resolved(8). Do not edit.
#
# This is a dynamic resolv.conf file for connecting local clients to the
# internal DNS stub resolver of systemd-resolved. This file lists all
# configured search domains.
#
# Run "systemd-resolve --status" to see details about the uplink DNS servers
# currently in use.
#
# Third party programs must not access this file directly, but only through the
# symlink at /etc/resolv.conf. To manage man:resolv.conf(5) in a different way,
# replace this symlink by a static file or a different symlink.
#
# See man:systemd-resolved.service(8) for details about the supported modes of
# operation for /etc/resolv.conf.

nameserver 127.0.0.53
search example.com

**EDIT2:** As part of recent comments **/etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yml**

# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
        ens3:
            dhcp4: true
            match:
                macaddress: XX:XX:XX:XX:XX
            set-name: ens3

I am attempting to install a dualboot (Ubuntu on top of Windows 10) to a PC I have just built myself. I have no problem installing Ubuntu, its just I am unable to setup my computer to boot into it afterwards. During the instalation I am told that the GRUB does not install properly and I also hit errors when trying to run a boot repair program in terminal. I am creating the installation using Rufus, and making use of the MBR parition scheme. The Disk I am creating it on is GPT, but when I try use this partition scheme in Rufus an error scheme comes up when I try boot this from a USB stick. This is shown in the next image (and note my bios mode is set to UEFI). For reference my motherboard is a "MSI B450 TOMAHAWK MAX Motherboard ATX". What is the best course of action to take? I found some videos that showed how to convert my from UEFI to legacy boot and to change my disk to a MSB partition, would this be the best solution or will this create further problems down the line?

I'm on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS and I'm running Whonix as a VM inside VirtualBox. How exactly do I create a shared folder in Whonix?

I would like to know how to cleanly reset the printing system (CUPS) to its initial state. Alternatively, it may suffice for me to know how to take a "snapshot" of CUPS configuration and to roll back to it later. This is to debug the following issue, which I could reproduce on several occasions on Linux Mint 21 and on Ubuntu 22.04. After booting a freshly installed Linux Mint 21 or Ubuntu 22.04 and connecting the machine to my office LAN for the first time, network TOSHIBA e-STUDIO3015AC printers are automatically added to the list of printers as "driverless" and function properly. However, after restarting the machine and after the printers get first removed, then added back to the list, the selection of 2-sided printing in the printing dialog is getting ignored. (The printing becomes one-sided unless changed in the printer options, but if printer option is set to two-sided, then one-sided printing does not work.) I noticed that the second time the automatically generated /etc/cups/printers.conf file contains many extra lines compared to the first time the printers were used, including this one:

Option sides one-sided

*This is basically a duplicate of my question on AskUbuntu.*

I am trying to create a bootable ISO for a customised Ubuntu. The ISO I create is not bootable (it won't boot in VirtualBox). To debug I am not modifying Ubuntu, just trying to recreate a bootable ISO from the the original bootable Ubuntu ISO I downloaded from the web (it boots in VirtualBox). The steps are: 1. Mount original ISO 2. Make a read-write copy 3. Use genisoimage to create a new ISO The details are shown below. The new ISO won't boot. The file command indicates it is bootable, but does not contain a "DOS/MBR boot sector" (whereas the original ISO does). I have also shown some of the contents of the mounted disk (in case I am specifying the wrong boot catalog or image). Can anyone tell me what I am doing wrong?
---
Steps 1 and 2. Mount original ISO and make a read/write copy:

> sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop ubuntu-24.04.iso mntpoint
> mkdir mntpoint_rw
> rsync -a mntpoint/ mntpoint_rw

Step 3. Recreate the ISO:

> sudo genisoimage \,
   -o /tmp/custom.iso \
   -R -J -b EFI/boot/grubx64.efi -c boot.catalog -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
   $(pwd)/mntpoint_rw

I have tried various combinations of -b, -c options with files boot.catalog, EFI/boot/grubx64.efi and boot/grub/grub.cfg. Info about the original ISO (downloaded from web):

> file ubuntu-24.04.iso
ubuntu-24.04.iso: ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data (DOS/MBR boot sector) 'Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS amd64' (bootable)
>  ls -lh ubuntu-24.04.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1   6.0G Aug  1 13:37 ubuntu-24.04.iso

Info about the new ISO:

> file /tmp/custom.iso
/tmp/custom.iso: ISO 9660 CD-ROM filesystem data 'Custom Ubuntu-24.04' (bootable)
> ls -lh /tmp/custom.iso
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.0G Aug  1 13:56 /tmp/custom.iso

Selected content of the mounted disk:

> ls -l --block-size=K mntpoint_rw
total 84K
dr-xr-xr-x 3    4K Jan 27  2025 EFI
dr-xr-xr-x 3    4K Jan 27  2025 boot
-r--r--r-- 1    2K Feb 15 19:15 boot.catalog
dr-xr-xr-x 2   12K Feb 15 19:15 casper
dr-xr-xr-x 3    4K Feb 15 19:09 dists
dr-xr-xr-x 2    4K Feb 15 19:09 install
-r--r--r-- 1   44K Feb 15 19:15 md5sum.txt
dr-xr-xr-x 4    4K Feb 15 19:09 pool
dr-xr-xr-x 2    4K Feb 15 19:09 preseed
lrwxrwxrwx 1    1K Feb 15 19:09 ubuntu -> .

> find mntpoint_rw/EFI -type f | xargs ls -lh
-r--r--r-- 1   945K Jan 27  2025 mntpoint_rw/EFI/boot/bootx64.efi
-r--r--r-- 1   2.3M Aug  1 13:56 mntpoint_rw/EFI/boot/grubx64.efi
-r--r--r-- 1   837K Jan 27  2025 mntpoint_rw/EFI/boot/mmx64.efi

> find mntpoint_rw/boot ! \( -name '*.mod' -o -name '*.lst' \) -type f | xargs ls -lh
-r--r--r-- 1   2.4M Jan 27  2025 mntpoint_rw/boot/grub/fonts/unicode.pf2
-r--r--r-- 1    583 Feb 15 19:13 mntpoint_rw/boot/grub/grub.cfg
-r--r--r-- 1   7.5K Jan 27  2025 mntpoint_rw/boot/grub/i386-pc/efiemu32.o
-r--r--r-- 1    11K Jan 27  2025 mntpoint_rw/boot/grub/i386-pc/efiemu64.o
-r--r--r-- 1    31K Jan 27  2025 mntpoint_rw/boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img
-r--r--r-- 1    318 Feb 15 19:13 mntpoint_rw/boot/grub/loopback.cfg
-r--r--r-- 1   145K Apr  9  2024 mntpoint_rw/boot/memtest86+x64.bin

Given an Ubuntu machine using apt or apt-get, is there a built-in or recommended way to check if a package is installed at a minimum version? A package may be available in multiple versions:

apt-cache madison percona-server-server
percona-server-server | 8.4.5-5-1.noble | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main amd64 Packages
percona-server-server | 8.4.4-4-1.noble | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main amd64 Packages
percona-server-server | 8.4.3-3-1.noble | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main amd64 Packages
percona-server-server | 8.4.2-2-1.noble | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main amd64 Packages
percona-server-server | 8.4.0-1-1.noble | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main amd64 Packages
percona-server |  8.4.5-5-1 | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main Sources
percona-server |  8.4.4-4-1 | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main Sources
percona-server |  8.4.3-3-1 | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main Sources
percona-server |  8.4.2-2-1 | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main Sources
percona-server |  8.4.0-1-1 | http://repo.percona.com/ps-84-lts/apt  noble/main Sources

I know that I can get the currently installed version of a package by:

dpkg -s percona-server-server | grep Version
8.4.5-5-1.noble

I know I can install a specific version via:

apt-get -qq install percona-server-server=8.4.5-5-1.noble

Yet, how can one only install a target version if the current one is lower than that?

When I boot up my system (I'm using Ubuntu 20.04), the keyboard isn't detected. The only way to have it working is to suspend the system and wake it up back. Then the keyboard is fully functioning. I tried using different acpi_osi kernel parameters without success. The same happens with differents Live USB. The keyboard works in BIOS though. My laptop model is Clevo PB71DF2-G and I fresh installed Ubuntu on it. Everything else works as expected. Does anyone have a solution ?

On an Ubuntu machine, I have installed percona-server-server with version at 8.4.3-3-1.noble. I noticed I could install a package at a specific version via:

$ apt-get install percona-server-server=8.4.5-5-1.noble

Yet I also noticed that I cannot downgrade to a specific version due the dependency dependencies afterwards:

$ apt-get install percona-server-server=8.4.0-1-1.noble
apt-get install percona-server-server=8.4.0-1-1.noble
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 percona-server-server : Depends: percona-server-common (= 8.4.0-1-1.noble) but 8.4.5-5-1.noble is to be installed
                         Depends: percona-server-client (= 8.4.0-1-1.noble) but 8.4.5-5-1.noble is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

That makes me wonder: Was I just lucky with 8.4.5-5-1.noble as it is the current candidate? Would it have failed if I had tried an older version like 8.4.4-4-1.noble?

I am trying to run an executable that makes use of the libcrypto and libsll libraries. When I run the executable I get the following error PROGRAM: error while loading shared libraries: libcrypto.so.10: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory I understand that the above message is because the executable cannot find the associated library. The system has both pairs of libraries included in "/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu", which I installed using the synaptic package manager. I have tried to generate the symbolic links ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.0.0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.10 ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.1.1 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.10 ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.10 but in all these cases I get the following error message: PROGRAM: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcrypto.so.10: version `libcrypto.so.10' not found (required by PROGRAM) I am currently using Ubuntu 20.0, and the executable I am trying to use was compiled for RHEL 6.6. My question is: Should I install RHEL (or centOS) to be able to use that executable?, or, the error is due to the fact that I am using the wrong version of the libraries.

I have installed Ubuntu on my old laptop to give him a second life. I installed Ubuntu on the 24gb SSD. But the old Windows10 partition is on the 1tb HDD. Now every time I boot the system it asks which one I want to boot from. I dont want this, and want to just delete everything from this disk (the Windows one ofcourse) and start with a clean disk. How do I do this?