Test file:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmo tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

If using

script.sh input.txt output.txt

sed 's/ - /--/g
     s/ \{0,1\}[—–] \{0,1\}/--/g
     s/…/.../g
     s/\\\*/†/g
     s/*/\//g
     s/\\\././g' $1 |
fold -sw 72 |
sed 's/ *$//g' > $2

the output is ``` ------------------------------------------------------------------------ -s: Fold line after the last blank character within the first width column positions (or bytes). I use fold supplied with macOS, but if using GNU fold, the output file is the same.

I would like to configure dolphin to wrap the file name text, instead of putting it on a new line. I have tried to do it through dolphins preferences, but had no success. I find that being able to wrap the text for files, to be more aesthetically pleasing and it also, for me, works better in the browser window. I can't seem to be able to enable this feature though. So I would like to know how to enable text wrap for my labels, and filenames.

How to wrap a command to measure its elapsed time? Currently I do it using eval:

do_cmd_named()
{
  local name=$1
  local cmd=$2

  echo "$name"
  local start_time=$(date +%s)
  eval "$cmd 2>&1"
  local exit_status=$?
  local end_time=$(date +%s)
  local elapsed_time_sec=$((end_time-start_time))
  local elapsed_time_min_sec=$(date -ud "@$elapsed_time_sec" +'%M:%S')
  if [[ $exit_status -ne 0 ]]
  then
    echo "$name failed with exit status $exit_status (elapsed time $elapsed_time_min_sec)"
    return $exit_status
  else
    echo "$name done (elapsed time $elapsed_time_min_sec)"
  fi
}

job()
{
    sleep 1
}

do_cmd_named "do job" "job"

which leads to:

do job
do job done (elapsed time 00:01)

For my cases this approach _almost _ works. However, this approach is considered bad because it violates some rules from BashFAQ . For example, "don't put code inside variables" from [BashFAQ #50](https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/050) (see also [BashFAQ #48](https://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashFAQ/048)). So, the question is: how to do it correctly?

OS: SLES12, terminal emulator: mate 1.22.1, shell: tcsh $TERM: xterm-256color I want to set the line wrapping in the terminal so that any text that appears on the terminal (stdout or otherwise) wraps a few columns left to the edge. I always work with full-screen terminal (which I think is defined as width = 80) so I don't mind if that behavior breaks when the terminal is not in full screen. I know of the command "fold" but I don't know how to apply it to the entirety of the terminal. If there's a way to apply it to only stdout then I can take it as a compromise. Thanks

I'm writing a wrapper script to wrap around the execution of another command; in this case the Chef kitchen command. My script will also be called kitchen and put earlier in $PATH so that running kitchen from bash will run my wrapper script instead. The question is: how do I call the original version of kitchen? The obvious way, of course, is just to give the full path — just put /usr/bin/kitchen in the script, but someone else may have it installed at a different path. And of course that precludes any other wrapper scripts—it'd be nice if the solution were stackable. Two approaches come to mind, both variants on the same theme: 1. In the script, go through $PATH. Compare each entry to $(dirname "$0") using stat using device number & inode number to see if its the same directory. If so, remove it from $PATH. Then can just call kitchen, because it shouldn't re-call the wrapper script. 2. Similar to #1, but do the $PATH lookup by hand in the script, and use stat on each result vs. $0. Keep skipping until we find ourself, then use the next one found. If we never find ourself, then just exec it normally (to handle the case the wrapper isn't in $PATH but was executed by providing a path to it) Is there a better way? Or does code to do this already exist somewhere on a typical Debian or Ubuntu Linux system?

I found this process today but I don't recognize it. Searching i found that is a tool but I haven't installed it.(directly) Can it be a problem to consider? Thank you!

A common packaging issue I encounter is when a tool is looking for relative resources in its root directory (install directory). Eg. pkg-name (/usr/share/pkg-name/pkg-name) is looking for resourceA (/usr/share/pkg-name/resourceA) so you can't call /usr/share/pkg-name/pkg-name directly unless your $PWD = /usr/share/pkg-name/, because if you're elsewhere (eg. /home/user) that tool will look for /home/user/resourceA and raise an error. So your are forced to create a wrapper like the following one: /usr/bin/pkg-wrapper

#!/bin/sh
cd /usr/share/pkg-name
exec pkg-name "\$@"

Now you can call /usr/bin/pkg-wrapper from whatever you want but a new issue is facing you! By adding cd /usr/share/pkg-name in your wrapper, $PWD = /usr/share/pkg-name in the context of the script. So imagine that pkg-wrapper -o file can write a file, now pkg-wrapper -o file will try to save the file file at /usr/share/pkg-name/file (current/working directory in the script context) and not at /home/user/file (current/working directory from where you are calling the wrapper). So files are now saved not in the folder you would like and if /usr/share/pkg-name/ is write protected you will get a permission error anyway. So you can't use relative file path anymore and are forced to either specify absolute path eg. pkg-wrapper -o /home/user/file or a little trick like pkg-wrapper -o "$(pwd)/file" or pkg-wrapper -o "$PWD/file". Is there an agnostic way to solve this common issue? If not a way to patch ruby & python to use the "user current directory" rather than the script/process current directory? I already looked bash set options, bundle exec options. For example a wrapper for a ruby script could be like the following if the --magicoption option existed to specify the the root directory where to look Gemfile, vendor/ and .bundle/ from.

#!/bin/sh
exec bundle exec /usr/share/pkg-name/pkg-name.rb --magicoption /usr/share/pkg-name/ "\$@"

This is just an example for a ruby package but it's the same issue for any script / binary from any language.

ls /proc/
1      10984  11246  131    144    167    2099   31788  4805  5375  6762  7594  8111  8722       consoles
10     10993  11247  1314   14400  168    21     32     4807  5379  6771  76    8112  8738       cpuinfo
100    10998  11248  13163  14403  169    210    32408  4818  5386  6788  7601  8113  8752       crypto
101    11     11249  132    14404  17     211    33     4831  5388  68    7619  8114  8768       devices
102    110    11251  133    14405  170    2111   34     4833  54    6808  7625  8115  8789       diskstats
10202  11012  11252  134    14406  1726   2115   3489   4846  5417  6827  7626  8116  88         dma

cat /proc/10993/root/run_command
/usr/sbin/libvirtd --listen(nova-libvirt)

and I want to get all PID run_command

cd /proc
cat */root/run_command
/etc/barbican/vassals --logto /var/log/kolla/barbican/barbican-api.loguwsgi --master --emperor /etc/barbican/vassals --logto /var/log/kolla/barbican/barbican-api.loguwsgi --master --emperor /etc/barbican/vassals --logto /var/log/kolla/barbican/barbican-api.log/opt/kibana/bin/kibanabarbican-keystone-listenerbarbican-keystone-listenerheat-api-cfnheat-api-cfnneutron-dhcp-agent --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.inimistral-server --server executor --config-file /etc/mistral/mistral.confneutron-dhcp-agent --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.inimistral-server --server executor --config-file /etc/mistral/mistral.conf/usr/sbin/sshd -Dtacker-server --config-file /etc/tacker/tacker.conf/usr/sbin/sshd -Dtacker-server --config-file /etc/tacker/tacker.conf/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/td-agent/usr/bin/mysqld_safeglance-registry/usr/sbin/apache2start-ovsdb-server 127.0.0.1/usr/bin/mysqld_safeglance-registrynova-apistart-ovsdb-server 127.0.0.1nova-consoleauthnova-api/usr/sbin/libvirtd --listennova-consoleauth/usr/bin/memcached -v -l 10.60.6.174 -p 11211 -c 5000 -U 0/usr/bin/memcached -v -l 10.60.6.174 -p 11211 -c 5000 -U 0/usr/sbin/libvirtd --listenneutron-metadata-agent --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini/usr/sbin/libvirtd --listenmistral-server --server engine --config-file /etc/mistral/mistral.confneutron-metadata-agent --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.inimistral-server --server engine --config-file /etc/mistral/mistral.confstart-ovsdb-server 127.0.0.1/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearchsleep infinity/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearchbarbican-workersleep infinitynova-conductorbarbican-worker/opt/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /etc/kafka/kafka.server.propertiesnova-compute/usr/sbin/libvirtd --listen/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2/usr/sbin/apache2no ...

but it's too messy to read. **How do I put each record (content of each file) on a separate line?** run_comand_content1 run_comand_content2 run_comand_content3 or run_comand_content1 run_comand_content2 run_comand_content3

When a path is too long to fit on the terminal and it wraps, the following prompt is broken and you can't see properly what is typed. See screenshot below: These are the contents of .bashrc that set the PS1, which is the default provided by Ubuntu. if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ ' else PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ ' fi unset color_prompt force_color_prompt # If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir case "$TERM" in xterm*|rxvt*) PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1" ;; *) ;; esac The value of $PS1 is echo "$PS1" \[\e]0;\u@\h: \w\a\]${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ Is there any way to fix it? I have seen several other similar questions, and the proposed solution is to enclose the offending part in \[ \], or to set checkwinsize, but neither worked in my case. If anyone wants to test with the path, it is the folowing: /home/dimitriv/Dropbox/personal/kastoria/2018-2019/προγραμματισμός στο διαδίκτυο/newslides

Ncurses allows to separate a single line from screen, at level of physical screen (curscr), to devote it to e.g. a title bar, thus also creating a logical screen (stdscr), devoted to application's viewport. It's the ncurses call ripoffline() that's responsible for this. This serves as a basic explanation of my problem – I need to do the same with /dev/tty. The best for me would be to create a dummy e.g. /tmp/tty.LCRiAotf, which would wrap /dev/tty and somehow rip-off the single top or bottom line. My master-script would use /dev/tty and provide the top-or-bottom menu bar I want to create, while say a slave-script would use /tmp/tty.LCRiAotf which is a logical tty 1-row less in height, not interfering with the menu bar. The best would be to do this in shell script, in general in Zshell. I know it might be hard to create a wrapper tty device with command-line tools, but maybe it's possible? Other solutions are also welcomed. Is this possible?

I can get the effect that I want from running less -S but it seems fishy to me that there is no way to render the input without word-wrap after the file is opened. Is there anyway to less /tmp/longtext And then after you have it up to disable wordwrap without exiting and restarting.

Given this file: $ cat file alfa bravo charlie delta echo foxtrot golf hotel india juliet kilo lima mike november oscar papa quebec romeo sierra tango uniform_victor_whiskey_xray yankee zulu I would like to hard break at 70, but I would also like to hard refill. I tried "fold", but it did not refill: $ fold -w 70 file alfa bravo charlie delta echo foxtrot golf hotel india juliet kilo lim a mike november oscar papa quebec romeo sierra tango uniform_victor_whiskey_xray yankee zulu "fmt" will refill, but I could only get it to break on spaces so no guarantee to wrap on exactly 70: $ fmt file alfa bravo charlie delta echo foxtrot golf hotel india juliet kilo lima mike november oscar papa quebec romeo sierra tango uniform_victor_whiskey_xray yankee zulu I tried "pr" but it seems to just truncate the line without wrapping: $ pr -t -W 70 file alfa bravo charlie delta echo foxtrot golf hotel india juliet kilo lim november oscar papa quebec romeo sierra tango uniform_victor_whiskey_xray yankee zulu Maybe these commands have some option I am missing, or maybe Awk or Sed solution. I would prefer to avoid heavier solutions (Perl PHP Ruby).

I am executing the command mv /prod/new/outputlog/error.log /prod/hist/new/outputlog/error.log.32423423424 using shell script. Since the error.log file is not available the command writing an error message in to the log file automatically. The error message mv: cannot rename /prod/new/outputlog/error.log /prod/hist/new/outputlog/error.log.32423423424 Not wrap in to two lines. Since it is a system-generated error message I am unable to control the length of the error message for each line. I want the system to wrap the message after it reaches length 80.

This question asks about wrapping text at a certain column, and people suggest using fold or fmt but as far as I can see, these simply count characters and don't allow for non-printing characters. For example: fold -w 20 -s <<<seq 1 25 as one might expect, produces: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 but: fold -w 20 -s <<<^[32mseq 1 25^[[m (where ^[ is the escape character) intuitively ought to produce the same thing in green text, but instead produces: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 in green text. I can't see any switches that say to account for non-printing characters, and the [PS1 approach to flagging non-printing characters doesn't seem to work with fold or fmt. Is there something (ideally something standard) that can wrap text whilst accounting for non-printable characters? ---------- EDIT: The example above is really to simplify and demonstrate the problem but I may have over-simplified. To clarify my real-world example, I've got text where some words are in colour (using ANSI escape sequences) and I'd like that to wrap neatly. For example: Here is some example text that contains ^[[31mred^[[m and ^[[32mgreen^[[m words that I would like to wrap neatly. where ^[ is the escape character. If I wanted this to wrap to 20 columns, I would expect: Here is some example text that contains red and green words that I would like to wrap neatly. (with "red" and "green" in colour) but because of the ANSI escape codes, it wraps thus: Here is some example text that contains red and green words that I would like to wrap neatly.

I just installed Enlightenment in OpenSuse Tumbleweed via YasT. I'm using E as the WM and entrance as the DM, if it matters. While checking its terminal emulator Terminology, I noticed that output lines larger than the width of the window get clipped i.e. if my window is 120 chars wide and the command output 150 chars,only the first 120 chars of the output are printed - the rest is neither wrapped nor hidden "beyond the window border". If I resize the window to 150+ chars and rerun the command, I can see the full output. I looked in Terminology's settings but didn't find a relevant attribute. The choice of names for both the WM and the emulator doesn't help when searching online and I've had no luck. Thanks.

When using dnf and yum on rpm based Linux distros (RHEL/Red Hat, Fedora, CentOS, etc) the utility will automatically wrap lines to make it more friendly for the user to read. This is problematic as it makes it extremely annoying to work with the data through pipelining. For example: $ dnf search jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin-javadoc Last metadata expiration check: 6 days, 15:30:08 ago on Thu Sep 1 21:09:10 2016. ============= N/S Matched: jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin-javadoc ============= jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin-javadoc.noarch : Javadoc for jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin $ dnf search jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin-javadoc | grep ssh ====== N/S Matched: jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin-javadoc ======= jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin-javadoc.noarch : Javadoc for : jenkins-ssh-credentials-plugin You can see that once the output for DNF is put through grep it decides to wrap the data in a completely different way then when normally displayed to the user. Multiple issues have been filed about this behavior ( [#584525](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=584525) , [#986740](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=986740) ) and consistently the issues are closed as CLOSED NOTABUG because "Yum is an interactive text-based ui which is not suited, nor intended for piping.". The solution as per the Red Hat developers is to "use a different tool for the job." It seems unreasonable to have to do this, especially when the methods supplied (install repoquery for example) don't even _exist_ within the dnf utilities and require installing a dozen more packages just to parse the output of this data. Ideally a user would be able to just use the data in pipelining. In lieu of that, it would be nice to have a simple one-liner which could be used to make the data usable.