What protocols are involved in the modes of USB connection from an Android phone to a computer?

When I link a phone (HarmonyOS 2.0.0, Honor 10) to a Linux laptop, the phone pops up the following options: - transfer photos, - transfer files, - charge only, - reverse charge, - input MIDI. When I link a phone (Android 12, Moto G Pure) to a Linux laptop, the phone pops up the following options: - file transfer, - photo & video transfer I was wondering what protocol (e.g. MTP, PTP) is involved in each option for the two phones? Is MTP enabled by file transfer, or photo (& video) transfer? What is the protocol involved in the previous "USB Massive Storage" mode?