I was trying to aircrack-ng, but the problem everytime I airmon-ng start wlan0 prism0 shows up not mon0. What to do? root@kali:~# airmon-ng start wlan0 PHY Interface Driver Chipset phy0 wlan0 wl Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01) (experimental wl monitor mode vif enabled for [phy0]wlan0 on [phy0]prism0)

I am running Amazon Linux centos however the version of the file which gets installed is 5.30. I require a later version. file: Compiled magic version does not match with shared library magic version steps to reproduce: wget -m ftp://ftp.astron.com/pub/file/file-5.34.tar.gz cd ftp.astron.com/pub/file/ tar -zxf file-5.34.tar.gz cd file-5.34 ./configure --prefix=/usr make make install on my ubuntu machine, I can follow which involved removing libmagic before doing the install. What's the equivalent on centos / amazon linux? Or is there an easier way to yum install file 5.34 other than by compiling it?

i have a running vpnc connection from my arch-linux device. All traffic goes through the tunnel to the vpnc server. But i need to exclude the 443 port, because a running https server need to be reachable from the local internet connection. There is thread with just the same requirements. But this isn't working to me. https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/581419/routing-port-traffic-over-specific-interface?newreg=ac3f46c081724e8c93c007f1e35e44ae All traffic still goes through the tun0 device. i've no experience with routing ... maybe anyone can give me a hint? May network interface is: enp1s0 The vpnc network device is: tun0 Device IP: 192.168.2.10 Router IP: 192.168.2.1 > #route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface default 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 > U 0 0 0 tun0 i577B2E95.versa 192.168.2.1 > 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 enp1s0 > 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 enp1s0

I use nix and home manager, zsh and tmux. My problem is that in tmux splits the nix command does not exist. I tried setting default shell in tmux to /bin/zsh -l sourcing files etc, I notice the PATH is just missing /nix/var/nix/profiles/default/bin:/Applications/Ghostty.app/Contents/MacOS My .zshrc has

if [ -e '/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/etc/profile.d/nix-daemon.sh' ]; then
  . '/nix/var/nix/profiles/default/etc/profile.d/nix-daemon.sh'
fi

I tested this in different terminals too - same story.

I have a small Raspberry Pi server connected to an openvpn provider, used as a VPN gateway. Almost everything works fine with the following iptables rules: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o tun0 -j ACCEPT However, the VPN provider blocks NTP traffic (udp port 123). How do I make iptables route all NTP traffic via the default gateway (which is 192.168.1.1 on eth0)?

I've a laptop running Debian GNU/Linux Unstable with Network Manager. Since an update of OpenSSL (1.1.1 I think), I can't connect to a Wi-Fi network using WPA2 Enterprise with PEAP (MSCHAPv2). In /var/log/syslog, it says that SSL3 is unsupported: Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: SME: Trying to authenticate with [REDACTED] (SSID='Hotspot' freq=2412 MHz) Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.195724] wlp4s0: authenticate with [REDACTED] Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 NetworkManager: [1540893138.8304] device (wlp4s0): supplicant interface state: scanning -> authenticating Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.216389] wlp4s0: send auth to [REDACTED] (try 1/3) Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.218779] wlp4s0: authenticated Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: Trying to associate with [REDACTED] (SSID='Hotspot' freq=2412 MHz) Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.228045] wlp4s0: associate with [REDACTED] (try 1/3) Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.233930] wlp4s0: RX AssocResp from [REDACTED] (capab=0x431 status=0 aid=4) Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.234023] wlp4s0: associated Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: Associated with [REDACTED] Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0 Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-STARTED EAP authentication started Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 NetworkManager: [1540893138.8600] device (wlp4s0): supplicant interface state: authenticating -> associating Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 NetworkManager: [1540893138.8605] device (wlp4s0): supplicant interface state: associating -> associated Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-PROPOSED-METHOD vendor=0 method=25 Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-METHOD EAP vendor 0 method 25 (PEAP) selected Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=COUNTRY_IE type=COUNTRY alpha2=NL Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259127] ath: EEPROM regdomain: 0x8210 Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259130] ath: EEPROM indicates we should expect a country code Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259131] ath: doing EEPROM country->regdmn map search Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259132] ath: country maps to regdmn code: 0x37 Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259133] ath: Country alpha2 being used: NL Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259134] ath: Regpair used: 0x37 Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 9.259136] ath: regdomain 0x8210 dynamically updated by country element Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: SSL: SSL3 alert: write (local SSL3 detected an error):fatal:protocol version Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: OpenSSL: openssl_handshake - SSL_connect error:1425F102:SSL routines:ssl_choose_client_version:unsupported protocol Oct 30 10:52:18 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-EAP-FAILURE EAP authentication failed Oct 30 10:52:20 wb9688-b50 kernel: [ 11.335881] wlp4s0: deauthenticating from [REDACTED] by local choice (Reason: 3=DEAUTH_LEAVING) Oct 30 10:52:20 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: Authentication with [REDACTED] timed out. Oct 30 10:52:21 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-DISCONNECTED bssid=[REDACTED] reason=3 locally_generated=1 Oct 30 10:52:21 wb9688-b50 wpa_supplicant: wlp4s0: CTRL-EVENT-SSID-TEMP-DISABLED id=0 ssid="Hotspot" auth_failures=1 duration=10 reason=AUTH_FAILED Oct 30 10:52:21 wb9688-b50 NetworkManager: [1540893141.3677] sup-iface[0x5617eb7458b0,wlp4s0]: connection disconnected (reason -3) Oct 30 10:52:21 wb9688-b50 NetworkManager: [1540893141.3704] device (wlp4s0): supplicant interface state: associated -> disconnected Downgrading OpenSSL fixes it of course, but then I can't use things that are compiled to newer versions of OpenSSL. Is there any way to connect to the Wi-Fi network?

I just finished setting up PowerDNS to avoid having to remember all my IP addresses and it seems to work pretty fine, most host names resolve just fine but not the one running PowerDNS (named musicbox, IP 192.168.1.22). When I try to ping it from any other computer I only get an error message about unknown host. Using dig I get the correct IP address. Running ping musicbox.local also works fine but not ping musicbox. #dig musicbox.local ; > DiG 9.9.5-3-Ubuntu > musicbox.local ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45271 ;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;musicbox.local. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: musicbox.local. 3600 IN A 192.168.1.22 ;; Query time: 5 msec ;; SERVER: 192.168.1.22#53(192.168.1.22) ;; WHEN: Sun Dec 07 19:54:23 CET 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 48 This is my bindbackend.conf: one "local" { type master; file "/etc/powerdns/bind/local.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; This is my zone file, local.zone: $ORIGIN local ; base for unqualified names $TTL 1h ; default time-to-live @ IN SOA ns.local hostmaster.local ( 1; serial 1d; refresh 2h; retry 4w; expire 1h; minimum time-to-live ) IN NS ns IN A 192.168.1.22 musicbox IN CNAME ns haddock IN A 192.168.1.29 tintin IN A 192.168.1.68 snowy IN A 192.168.1.99 castafiore IN A 192.168.1.73 All host names but musicbox resolve just fine. How do I fix that annoying last piece of my puzzle?

I just installed Linux Mint 18.1 (Xfce) on my Lenovo Yoga 13. As with the 17 version my wifi card (realtek rtl8723au) did not work after installation and I tried to solve it as I did for the previous installation sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic linux-headers-uname -r sudo apt-get install git #git cd /tmp mkdir wifi #Wifi git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtl8723au.git wifi #driver cd wifi make && sudo make install cd .. #/tmp sudo rm -r wifi This worked perfectly in the previous case but not now. **Edit** I have found that if I disable and re-enable the wifi in the network menu it connects for about 1 minute but then stops working again and can not find any networks. These are the responses to lsusb and rfkill list all: lsusb Bus 002 Device 004: ID 04f2:b322 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd Bus 002 Device 003: ID 2047:0855 Texas Instruments Invensense Embedded MotionApp HID Sensor Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 001 Device 005: ID 04f3:000a Elan Microelectronics Corp. Touchscreen Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:1724 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8723AU 802.11n WLAN Adapter Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 004 Device 002: ID 0bc2:ab24 Seagate RSS LLC Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub . rfkill list all 0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no 1: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 2: hci0: Bluetooth Soft blocked: yes Hard blocked: no 3: phy0: Wireless LAN Soft blocked: no Hard blocked: no I have searched for tutorials to help me but I can not find one that works. How can I solve this?

Extracting multiple files with 7z effectively fails. Individually the archives extract without errors. I don't do this very often but my memory and searches indicate that 7z x *.rar -o* *should* work. Same behavior with version 25.01 and the e command.

~/
❯ 7z x *.rar

7-Zip 24.09 (x64) : Copyright (c) 1999-2024 Igor Pavlov : 2024-11-29
 64-bit locale=en_US.UTF-8 Threads:20 OPEN_MAX:1024, ASM

Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 306847330 bytes (293 MiB)

Extracting archive: a.rar
--
Path = a.rar
Type = Rar5
Physical Size = 306847330
Characteristics = Locator QuickOpen:306845854
Encrypted = -
Solid = -
Blocks = 16
Method = v6:128K:m0
Multivolume = -
Volumes = 1


No files to process
Everything is Ok

Files: 0
Size:       0
Compressed: 306847330

~/
❯ ls
a.rar  b.rar  c.rar

~/
❯ 7z x a.rar -o*

7-Zip 24.09 (x64) : Copyright (c) 1999-2024 Igor Pavlov : 2024-11-29
 64-bit locale=en_US.UTF-8 Threads:20 OPEN_MAX:1024, ASM

Scanning the drive for archives:
1 file, 306847330 bytes (293 MiB)

Extracting archive: a.rar
--
Path = a.rar
Type = Rar5
Physical Size = 306847330
Characteristics = Locator QuickOpen:306845854
Encrypted = -
Solid = -
Blocks = 16
Method = v6:128K:m0
Multivolume = -
Volumes = 1

Everything is Ok                                

Files: 16
Size:       306844571
Compressed: 306847330

~/
❯ ls
a  a.rar  b.rar  c.rar

I seem to be able to play it just fine on firefox, however if I try to play hevc in chromium I just get this: It plays the audio but not the video. I read somewhere that to enable hevc hardware decoding in chrome you could use this launch option: --enable-features=PlatformHEVCDecoderSupport But it didn't seem to affect this problem of hevc videos not playing in chromium. Web searches turned up a whole lot of people asking the same question but nothing much in the way of answers. Most chromium based stuff (electron, other browsers) seem to be the same in being unable to play hevc content as well I noticed. Supposedly this feature seems to be working fine for most users on windows. Here is a link to an hevc video for testing.

I have two NVMe drives in my Proxmox computers. My problem is that the drive names are not persistent and change in connection with reinstallation or reboot. The problem is not specific to NVMe drives. The same would happen if it were SATA drives. What I need is a oneline command that returns the device name of my boot drive in the format /dev/nvme* or /dev/sd*. I need to use the command in connection with setting up my Proxmox computers via Ansible. **EDIT:** I'm trying to be a little more specific about what I need. In Ansible I have a list of available drives in the computer. In my case with NVMe drives the list looks like this: [/dev/nvme0n1,/dev/nvme1n1]. If I had SATA drives the list could look like this: [/dev/sda,/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc]. In connection with setting up a Ceph cluster, I need a drive list excluding my boot drive. So I need a command that for example returns /dev/sda or /dev/nvme0n1. I then use that as a mask to remove the boot drive from the list of available drives.

I am using NFS client to connect to NFS cluster. I have noticed that the default behaviour when server is unavailable is to retry the TCP connections from the same source TCP port, which I have confirmed by tcpdump (many SYN packets, different seq numbers, but same source port). By default NFS uses priviledged ports (1024 and and now on each reconnect attempt will be from different TCP port. NFS client is SLES12 SP4, the same behaviour is also on Oracle Linux 7.7. NFS server is HAE cluster based on SLES12 SP4. Is this behaviour documented somewhere? Why it does use the same port every time by default but not when using noresvport?

We are generating scripts for running java on RHEL or an Amazon Linux ami. The scripts all now contain the -d64 option. We are using OpenJdk 1.8 64-bit. The oracle faq question [When you download the SDK or JRE, must you choose between the 32 and 64-bit versions? ](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/hotspotfaq-138619.html#64bit_layering) indicates that this option is only on Linux for compatibility reasons. It says > All other platforms (Windows and Linux) contain separate 32 and 64-bit installation packages. If both packages are installed on a system, you select one or the other by adding the appropriate "bin" directory to your path. For consistency, the Java implementations on Linux accept the -d64 option. So it seems like -d64 is not needed for scripts running on Linux. It may be better to only add that option when running on solaris. Is it required? What would be the harm in removing it from our scripts?

I would like to set multiple keyboard shortcuts doing the same thing. My particular example is Volume Up/Down, I would like to retain the standard settings I have (Sound/VolumeUp - XF86AudioRaiseVolume, my laptop dedicated button) and I would like to add a second set (Tux+Up). How can I do that? Thanks a lot.

If I have, say, 20 music videos (.flv and .mp4), is there a way to play them in mplayer (mplayer2) without having to change the volume for each video, instead specifying a desired general volume, and having mplayer adjusting automatically whenever necessary? **Edit**: Possibly this is called "volume normalization". By the way, I'll accept any solution for this, or even a description what is required. I use mplayer at the moment, but, if you solve this with, say, a microphone, a script, and vlc, that will be great. **Edit 2**: This is close to, but not quite "volume normalization": check out my comment to David Kohen's answer below.

$ neofetch
OS: Pop!_OS 21.10 x86_64 
Kernel: 5.15.8-76051508-generic

I have two Bluetooth devices: a speaker SoundCore Boost and headphones EDIFIER W830BT. When I'm trying to change the volume on headphones using system volume settings it does work. Headphones also have buttons on them for controlling volume and those buttons also work (they change system volume in Linux). But on a Bluetooth speaker changing volume in Linux doesn't affect the actual volume. On the other hand, using volume buttons on the speaker does change the system volume in Linux (and the volume level bar in Linux changes as expected when I use the device's buttons). Also, when I mute system volume in Linux it does affect the speaker (sound mutes). Summarizing - Bluetooth devices work, sound plays, I can change volumes using devices' buttons but only the speaker volume can't be controlled via Linux system volume (except muting). I removed and paired again the speaker but that didn't help. For both devices, Output Device configuration is set to Hight Fidelity Playback (A2DP Sink). The same speaker works well on macOS (changing system volume affects the speaker volume).

$ bluetoothctl devices
Device 00:22:37:59:E0:A5 SoundCore Boost
Device 5C:C6:E9:30:68:EA EDIFIER W830BT

$ bluetoothctl show
Controller 38:DE:AD:1B:85:90 (public)
	Name: xxxx
	Alias: xxxx
	Class: 0x007c010c
	Powered: yes
	Discoverable: no
	DiscoverableTimeout: 0x000000b4
	Pairable: no
	UUID: Message Notification Se.. (00001133-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: A/V Remote Control        (0000110e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: OBEX Object Push          (00001105-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Message Access Server     (00001132-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: PnP Information           (00001200-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: IrMC Sync                 (00001104-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Vendor specific           (00005005-0000-1000-8000-0002ee000001)
	UUID: Headset                   (00001108-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: A/V Remote Control Target (0000110c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Generic Attribute Profile (00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Phonebook Access Server   (0000112f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Device Information        (0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Audio Sink                (0000110b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Generic Access Profile    (00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Handsfree Audio Gateway   (0000111f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: Audio Source              (0000110a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	UUID: OBEX File Transfer        (00001106-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb)
	Modalias: usb:v1D6Bp0246d053C
	Discovering: no
	Roles: central
	Roles: peripheral
Advertising Features:
	ActiveInstances: 0x00 (0)
	SupportedInstances: 0x05 (5)
	SupportedIncludes: tx-power
	SupportedIncludes: appearance
	SupportedIncludes: local-name

Any ideas on how to solve the problem? --- Edit 1: I booted live LTS version with an older kernel

$ neofetch
OS: Pop!_OS 20.04 LTS x86_64
Kernel: 5.13.0-7620-generic

And it turned out that there's no issue with that version - system sound control affects the volume of my Bluetooth speaker as expected. I also booted the live version of my current system (to confirm that there's no issue with my installed version) and the issue with volume control was present. So my guess is that kernel 5.15.8-76051508-generic does something with Bluetooth and sound control differently than 5.13.0-7620-generic. --- Edit 2: I downgraded the kernel version to 5.13.0. https://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v5.13/ I downloaded 4 files and installed them

$ ls
linux-headers-xxx_all.deb
linux-headers-xxx-generic_xxx.deb
linux-image-usigned-xxx-generic_xxx.deb
linux-modules-xxx-generic_xxx.deb

$ sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Pop!_OS doesn't have GRUB and uses kernelstub https://github.com/isantop/kernelstub/blob/master/README.md I changed the kernel version using the following command (where xxx is the desired kernel version)

$ sudo kernelstub -v -k /boot/vmlinuz-xxx-generic -i /boot/initrd.img-xxx-generic

After the reboot, I see that I'm using kernel 5.13.0-051300-generic but that doesn't solve the problem with volume control.

$ uname -r
5.13.0-051300-generic

So my guess is that Pop!_OS changed something between 20.04 LTS and 21.10 that broke proper volume control in my Bluetooth speaker and it's not the kernel's fault.

Every time I boot up my Debian machine the sound volume level is at 100 % (what is way too loud). I am using PulseAudio instead of Alsa. ---------- How can I adjust the default sound volume level to an arbitrary value (e.g. 30 %)?

My problem is that kmix adjusts the volumes of not all devices locked together. Adjusting built-in analog stereo also adjusts application's equalized stream and ALSA plugin. But webcam and event sounds are not locked and have to be adjusted separately. Also, when I strart an aplications, master can be at the middle, but the app volume is at maximum, so lowering it by hotkey lowers master from it's relative position. For example "Built-In analog stereo" was at level 50% with "Unknown application" Now I dolphin calls system sound on "delete". It plays very loud and when I open the kmix window - "Built-In analog stereo" now at 100% but other apps are where they were. By lowering "Built-In analog stereo" apps are getting lowered by the same amount (for example, ALSA plugin was 50% and is lowered with Built-In analog to 10% when analog was lwered from 100% to 60%). I want kmix (or "built-in analog stereo" which is master right now) to to adjust one system-wide volume regardless whether are these pulseaudio devices or other.

I can run bindsym button4 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+ and bindsym button5 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%- to adjust the volume from a terminal session. However when I add the commands to my config for i3 like so: bar { #status_command i3status #status_command i3blocks -c ~/.i3/i3blocks.conf #status_command ~/.i3/Bar.sh status_command conky -c /etc/config/conky/conky.conf font pango:Monospace colors { background $bg-color separator #757575 # border background text focused_workspace $bg-color #000000 $text-color inactive_workspace $inactive-bg-color $inactive-bg-color $inactive-text-color urgent_workspace $urgent-bg-color $urgent-bg-color $text-color } bindsym button4 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+ bindsym button5 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%- } I have an error in my config: ERROR: CONFIG: Expected one of these tokens: , '#', 'set', 'i3bar_command', 'status_command', 'socket_path', 'mode', 'hidden_state', 'id', 'modifier', 'position', 'output', 'tray_output', 'font', 'binding_mode_indicator', 'workspace_buttons', 'verbose', 'colors', '}' ERROR: CONFIG: (in file /home/kalenpw/.i3/config) ERROR: CONFIG: Line 206: } ERROR: CONFIG: Line 207: ERROR: CONFIG: Line 208: bindsym button4 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+ ERROR: CONFIG: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ERROR: CONFIG: Line 209: bindsym button5 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%- ERROR: CONFIG: Line 210: } ERROR: CONFIG: Expected one of these tokens: , '#', 'set', 'i3bar_command', 'status_command', 'socket_path', 'mode', 'hidden_state', 'id', 'modifier', 'position', 'output', 'tray_output', 'font', 'binding_mode_indicator', 'workspace_buttons', 'verbose', 'colors', '}' ERROR: CONFIG: (in file /home/kalenpw/.i3/config) ERROR: CONFIG: Line 207: ERROR: CONFIG: Line 208: bindsym button4 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+ ERROR: CONFIG: Line 209: bindsym button5 exec amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%- ERROR: CONFIG: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ERROR: CONFIG: Line 210: } ERROR: CONFIG: Line 211: ERROR: FYI: You are using i3 version 4.7.2 (2014-01-23, branch "tags/4.7.2") I'm mirroring the syntax found on the i3wm user guide: bar { # disable clicking on workspace buttons bindsym button1 nop # execute custom script when scrolling downwards bindsym button5 exec ~/.i3/scripts/custom_wheel_down } It appears to me like the syntax is right and the issue is definitely with those 2 bindsym lines because it is fine without them. How can I fix this so I can control the volume when I scroll on the statusbar?

I have a 5.1 surround sound card and want to set individual volume for the different channel:

$ pactl list sinks
Sink #1
	State: RUNNING
	Name: alsa_output.usb-0d8c_USB_Sound_Device-00.analog-surround-51
	Description: CM106 Like Sound Device Analog Surround 5.1
	Driver: module-alsa-card.c
	Sample Specification: s16le 6ch 48000Hz
	Channel Map: front-left,front-right,rear-left,rear-right,front-center,lfe
	Owner Module: 23
	Mute: no
	Volume: front-left: 48434 /  74% / -7.88 dB,   front-right: 48434 /  74% / -7.88 dB,   rear-left: 48434 /  74% / -7.88 dB,   rear-right: 48434 /  74% / -7.88 dB,   front-center: 48434 /  74% / -7.88 dB,   lfe: 48434 /  74% / -7.88 dB
	        balance 0.00
	Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
[...]

**How to set the volume for rear-left by using the command line?** I tried pactl set-sink-volume 1.rear-left 100% but thats not working. The manpage even is not helpful as there seems to be no syntax for accessing the different channels.