**TL;DR** I have reduced the transmit power of a WiFi device and I would like to make this change permanent, so it does not revert after a reboot. **Details** I have joined two Raspberry Pi 4 devices to an existing WiFi network, and I have discovered that by default they transmit at 31 dBm, which is quite high. I was getting a lot of latency, in that it would work fine for 10 seconds and then pretty much stop for 5 seconds, then repeat. I discovered that if I lower the transmit power on both devices to only 10 dBm then the latency dramatically improves. I did this by running the command iw wlan0 set txpower limit 1000. I would like to make this setting persistent across reboots, however I can't see anything in systemd-networkd or wpa_supplicant that controls transmit power. Is there a way to set this (e.g. in systemd's .network or .link file for the WiFi connection)? Failing that, what would be the best way to do this? I am guessing a udev rule would be better than a systemd service as it would run only when the device is available however any advice would be appreciated.

I wanted to set up promiscuous Wi-Fi monitoring into Wireshark. Tried to do it like I used to with iwconfig, but this system sets me back to managed as soon as I bring the interface back up. I see online posts saying iw can add a monitor interface alongside the managed connection, so you can keep your internet alive while monitoring. Would be great, but: [loren@Gazp9 ~]$ iw dev wlp3s0 interface add mon0 type monitor command failed: Operation not permitted (-1) [loren@Gazp9 ~]$ iw phy wlp3s0 interface add mon0 type monitor command failed: No such file or directory (-2) [loren@Gazp9 ~]$ iw phy Wiphy phy0 [loren@Gazp9 ~]$ iw phy phy0 interface add mon0 type monitor command failed: Operation not permitted (-1) (That's Antergos 4.19.8-arch1-1-ARCH, if it matters.) So I dug deeper, including https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/401464/deciphering-the-output-of-iw-list-valid-interface-combinations here. But I'm still not sure if this means there is no hope of adding the monitor interface. Here are excerpts from my "iw phy" command response: phy0 Supported interface modes: * IBSS * managed * AP * AP/VLAN * monitor * P2P-client * P2P-GO * P2P-device Supported commands: * new_interface (nothing about add interface) software interface modes (can always be added): * AP/VLAN * monitor valid interface combinations: * #{ managed } sudo iw dev wlan1 station get and > sudo iw dev wlan0 set power_save on show the use of sudo? None of the "add" commands show it: > iw dev wlan0 interface add fish0 type monitor flags none But this is intellectual curiosity. I'm happy to have a working monitor and get on with the real project.

I know these kind of question already exists but it's from 2016 and doesn't work for me. I'm using the newest Kali version it's installed on my laptop. So I wanted to "iw reg set BO" so I can increase the txpower. But I get this:

global country 00: DFS-UNSET (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A) (2457 - 2482 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN (5170 - 5250 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN (5250 - 5330 @ 80), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN (5490 - 5730 @ 160), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN (5735 - 5835 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN (57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)phy#1 country 99: DFS-UNSET (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A) (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN (5140 - 5860 @ 40), (N/A, 30), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN

So it didn't do anything.

Hardware: Intel **Galileo** Gen 2 System: **Yocto** linux (iot-devkit-image) User: root # iw reg set JP # iw reg get global country 00: DFS-UNSET (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A) (2457 - 2482 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-IR (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, NO-IR (5170 - 5250 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-IR (5735 - 5835 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-IR (57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A) # iw list Frequencies: * 2412 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2417 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2422 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2427 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2432 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2437 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2442 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2447 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2452 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2457 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2462 MHz (20.0 dBm) * 2467 MHz (20.0 dBm) (no IR) * 2472 MHz (20.0 dBm) (no IR) * 2484 MHz (20.0 dBm) (no IR) Notes : - "iw" not installed by default on Yocto, so i compiled it from source code. - All i want enable wifi channel 14. - "iw" and same wifi adapter work good on Ubunte 17 (without no-IR flag). **How to** fix "iw", or any other way to **enable channel 14**, or **remove no-IR flag**?

I am trying to make a VPN router while keeping the host itself accessing Internet without VPN. The host has only one NIC which is wireless. So I have added two virtual interfaces via iw phy phy0 interface add xxxxx. One (wlan0_sta) as station to connect wireless to Internet. The other (wlan0_ap) as AP to connect clients. Also a wireguard device (wg0) as VPN endpoint. hostapd and iptables were involved. Now every part worked, except data from clients were routed to wlan0_sta, instead of wg0. So I planned to have wlan0_ap and wg0 in a separated network namespace to make the routing work. But I found that iw cannot put virtual interface into network namespace. Only a "phy" can be put into network namespace. So what should I do?

Today my laptop started randomly experiencing issues where it cannot maintain a stable connection on my home network for more than 30s. I have tried the following w/out success... (1) Killing wpa_supplicant (2) Removing wpa_supplicant.conf (2) Upgrading pacman (3) Turning powersaving for wifi off ([source]) (4) Restarting NetworkManager (5) Setting interval=0 in NetworkManager.conf ([source]) (6) Disabling ipv6 connectivity -- not ideal ([source]) (7) ip link set wlp59s0 up/down Some system information... I am using a Dell XPS 15 9570 with original specs.

{bash}
$ iwconfig
lo        no wireless extensions.

wlp59s0   IEEE   ESSID: 
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:5.22 GHz  Access Point: 24:F5:A2:7F:91:2E
          Bit Rate=866.7 Mb/s   Tx-Power=30 dBm
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:off
          Link Quality=70/70  Signal level=-35 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:138   Missed beacon:0

$ systemctl list-units --type service --no-pager
  UNIT                                                LOAD   ACTIVE SUB     DESCRIPTION
  alsa-restore.service                                loaded active exited  Save/Restore Sound Card State
  bluetooth.service                                   loaded active running Bluetooth service
  cups.service                                        loaded active running CUPS Scheduler
  dbus.service                                        loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
  kmod-static-nodes.service                           loaded active exited  Create List of Static Device Nodes
  ldconfig.service                                    loaded active exited  Rebuild Dynamic Linker Cache
  lightdm.service                                     loaded active running Light Display Manager
  lvm2-monitor.service                                loaded active exited  Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dm…
  NetworkManager.service                              loaded active running Network Manager
  polkit.service                                      loaded active running Authorization Manager
  rtkit-daemon.service                                loaded active running RealtimeKit Scheduling Policy Service
  systemd-backlight@backlight:intel_backlight.service loaded active exited  Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of backlight:…
  systemd-backlight@leds:dell::kbd_backlight.service  loaded active exited  Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of leds:dell:…
  systemd-binfmt.service                              loaded active exited  Set Up Additional Binary Formats
  systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-2b9e8c21\x2d9d18\… loaded active exited  File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/2b9e8c21-9d1…
  systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-d5705268\x2d6bfe\… loaded active exited  File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/d5705268-6bf…
  systemd-journal-catalog-update.service              loaded active exited  Rebuild Journal Catalog
  systemd-journal-flush.service                       loaded active exited  Flush Journal to Persistent Storage
  systemd-journald.service                            loaded active running Journal Service
  systemd-logind.service                              loaded active running User Login Management
  systemd-modules-load.service                        loaded active exited  Load Kernel Modules
  systemd-random-seed.service                         loaded active exited  Load/Save OS Random Seed
  systemd-remount-fs.service                          loaded active exited  Remount Root and Kernel File Systems
  systemd-sysctl.service                              loaded active exited  Apply Kernel Variables
  systemd-sysusers.service                            loaded active exited  Create System Users
  systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service            loaded active exited  Create Static Device Nodes in /dev gracefully
  systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service                  loaded active exited  Create Static Device Nodes in /dev
  systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service                      loaded active exited  Create Volatile Files and Directories
  systemd-udev-trigger.service                        loaded active exited  Coldplug All udev Devices
  systemd-udevd.service                               loaded active running Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files
  systemd-update-done.service                         loaded active exited  Update is Completed
  systemd-update-utmp.service                         loaded active exited  Record System Boot/Shutdown in UTMP
  systemd-user-sessions.service                       loaded active exited  Permit User Sessions
  systemd-vconsole-setup.service                      loaded active exited  Virtual Console Setup
  udisks2.service                                     loaded active running Disk Manager
  user-runtime-dir@1000.service                       loaded active exited  User Runtime Directory /run/user/1000
  user@1000.service                                   loaded active running User Manager for UID 1000
  wpa_supplicant.service                              loaded active running WPA supplicant

LOAD   = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB    = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
38 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.

$ find /etc/systemd -type l -exec test -f {} \; -print | awk -F'/' '{ printf ("%-40s | %s\n", $(NF-0), $(NF-1)) }' | sort -f
bluetooth.service                        | bluetooth.target.wants
cups.path                                | multi-user.target.wants
cups.service                             | multi-user.target.wants
cups.service                             | printer.target.wants
cups.socket                              | sockets.target.wants
dbus-org.bluez.service                   | system
dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service | system
display-manager.service                  | system
fstrim.timer                             | timers.target.wants
gcr-ssh-agent.socket                     | sockets.target.wants
getty@tty1.service                       | getty.target.wants
gnome-keyring-daemon.socket              | sockets.target.wants
NetworkManager-wait-online.service       | network-online.target.wants
NetworkManager.service                   | multi-user.target.wants
p11-kit-server.socket                    | sockets.target.wants
pipewire.socket                          | sockets.target.wants
pulseaudio.socket                        | sockets.target.wants
remote-fs.target                         | multi-user.target.wants

$ journalctl --grep=wl
Sep 16 16:55:43 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908543.8851] device (wlp59s0): supplicant interface state: inter>
Sep 16 16:55:43 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908543.8853] Wi-Fi P2P device controlled by interface wlp59s0 cr>
Sep 16 16:55:43 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908543.8861] manager: (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): new 802.11 Wi-Fi P2P de>
Sep 16 16:55:43 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908543.8867] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): state change: unmanaged ->
Sep 16 16:55:43 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908543.8882] device (wlp59s0): state change: unavailable -> disc>
Sep 16 16:55:43 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908543.8896] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): state change: unavailable>
Sep 16 16:55:44 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=BEACON_HINT type=UNKNOWN
Sep 16 16:55:44 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=BEACON_HINT type=UNKNOWN
Sep 16 16:55:44 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=BEACON_HINT type=UNKNOWN
Sep 16 16:55:44 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=BEACON_HINT type=UNKNOWN
Sep 16 16:55:47 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=BEACON_HINT type=UNKNOWN
Sep 16 16:55:47 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-REGDOM-CHANGE init=BEACON_HINT type=UNKNOWN
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4922] device (wlp59s0): Activation: starting connection '>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4923] device (wlp59s0): state change: disconnected -> pre>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4927] device (wlp59s0): state change: prepare -> config (>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4929] device (wlp59s0): Activation: (wifi) access point '>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4929] device (wlp59s0): state change: config -> need-auth>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4936] device (wlp59s0): state change: need-auth -> prepar>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4938] device (wlp59s0): state change: prepare -> config (>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.4940] device (wlp59s0): Activation: (wifi) connection 'bu>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: SME: Trying to authenticate with b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b (SSID='SSID>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: authenticate with b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5434] device (wlp59s0): supplicant interface state: disco>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5434] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): supplicant management int>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: Trying to associate with b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b (SSID='SSID' freq=5>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5443] device (wlp59s0): supplicant interface state: authe>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5443] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): supplicant management int>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: send auth to b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b (try 1/3)
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: authenticated
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: associate with b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b (try 1/3)
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: RX AssocResp from b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b (capab=0x1011 status=0 aid=23)
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: Associated with b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: associated
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5550] device (wlp59s0): supplicant interface state: assoc>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5550] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): supplicant management int>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5769] device (wlp59s0): supplicant interface state: assoc>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.5770] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): supplicant management int>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: WPA: Key negotiation completed with b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b [PTK=CCMP GTK=>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 wpa_supplicant: wlp59s0: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b completed [id>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): wlp59s0: link becomes ready
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 kernel: wlp59s0: Limiting TX power to 24 (24 - 0) dBm as advertised by b8:f8:53:8c:4a:3b
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6315] device (wlp59s0): supplicant interface state: 4way_>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6316] device (wlp59s0): Activation: (wifi) Stage 2 of 5 (>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6316] device (p2p-dev-wlp59s0): supplicant management int>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6320] device (wlp59s0): state change: config -> ip-config>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6333] dhcp4 (wlp59s0): activation: beginning transaction >
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6585] dhcp4 (wlp59s0): state changed new lease, address=1>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6593] policy: set 'SSID' (wlp59s0) as default for I>
Sep 16 16:55:48 arch082022 NetworkManager:   [1694908548.6734] device (wlp59s0): state change: ip-config -> ip-che>
...skipping...
Sep 16 18:35:21 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914521.2920] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   address fd45:b24>
Sep 16 18:35:21 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914521.2920] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fdb8:783:a>
Sep 16 18:35:21 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914521.2920] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd56:ab5d:>
Sep 16 18:35:21 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914521.2921] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd45:b248:>
Sep 16 18:35:21 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914521.2922] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: solicit: schedule >
Sep 16 18:35:21 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914521.8022] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3149] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3150] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: received rout>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3150] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: router-data: next >
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3150] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: neighbor discovery>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3150] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   dhcp-level none
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3151] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   address fd45:b24>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3151] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fdb8:783:a>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3151] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd56:ab5d:>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3151] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd45:b248:>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3152] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: solicit: schedule >
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3156] platform: (wlp59s0) address: adding or updating IPv>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.3157] platform: (wlp59s0) signal: address 6 changed: fd45>
Sep 16 18:35:22 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914522.5197] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:23 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914523.4413] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:24 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914524.4644] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3863] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3864] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: received rout>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3864] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: router-data: next >
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3864] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: neighbor discovery>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3865] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   dhcp-level none
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3865] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   address fd45:b24>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3865] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fdb8:783:a>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3865] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd56:ab5d:>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3866] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd45:b248:>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3867] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: solicit: schedule >
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3871] platform: (wlp59s0) address: adding or updating IPv>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.3872] platform: (wlp59s0) signal: address 6 changed: fd45>
Sep 16 18:35:25 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914525.5910] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:26 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914526.4110] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:27 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914527.4346] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3566] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3567] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: received rout>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3567] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: router-data: next >
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3568] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: neighbor discovery>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3568] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   dhcp-level none
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3568] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   address fd45:b24>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3568] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fdb8:783:a>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3569] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd56:ab5d:>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3569] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]:   route fd45:b248:>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3570] ndisc[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: solicit: schedule >
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3576] platform: (wlp59s0) address: adding or updating IPv>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.3577] platform: (wlp59s0) signal: address 6 changed: fd45>
Sep 16 18:35:28 arch082022 NetworkManager:  [1694914528.5614] ndisc-lndp[0x558d79921700,"wlp59s0"]: processing li>

$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 8th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 07)
00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6th-10th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16) (rev 07)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation CoffeeLake-H GT2 [UHD Graphics 630]
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 07)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/v6 / E3-1500 v5 / 6th/7th/8th Gen Core Processor Gaussian Mixture Model
00:12.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Thermal Controller (rev 10)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH USB 3.1 xHCI Host Controller (rev 10)
00:14.2 RAM memory: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Shared SRAM (rev 10)
00:15.0 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 10)
00:15.1 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH Serial IO I2C Controller #1 (rev 10)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH HECI Controller (rev 10)
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake Mobile PCH SATA AHCI Controller (rev 10)
00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #17 (rev f0)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f0)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f0)
00:1d.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH PCI Express Root Port #9 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake LPC Controller (rev 10)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH cAVS (rev 10)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SMBus Controller (rev 10)
00:1f.5 Serial bus controller: Intel Corporation Cannon Lake PCH SPI Controller (rev 10)
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP107M [GeForce GTX 1050 Ti Mobile] (rev a1)
3b:00.0 Network controller: Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter (rev 32)
3c:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS525A PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
3d:00.0 Non-Volatile memory controller: Toshiba Corporation XG5 NVMe SSD Controller

$ inxi
CPU: 6-core Intel Core i7-8750H (-MT MCP-) speed/min/max: 800/800/4100 MHz
Kernel: 6.5.3-arch1-1 x86_64 Up: 1h 27m Mem: 3.56/15.27 GiB (23.3%)
Storage: 238.47 GiB (41.7% used) Procs: 269 Shell: Zsh inxi: 3.3.29

My NetworkManager.conf is...

{bash}
# Configuration file for NetworkManager.
# See "man 5 NetworkManager.conf" for details.
[device]
wifi.scan-rand-mac-address=no

[connectivity]
interval=0


[logging]
level=DEBUG

Additionally the contents of my /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dchp-client.conf is (all done today to try and resolve things)...

{bash}
$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/dhcp-client.conf
[main]
dhcp=dhclient

$ cat /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi-powersave-off.conf
[connection]
wifi.powersave = 2

cat /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/wifi_backend.conf
[device]
wifi.backend=iwd

After the change of the wifi backend to iw, after which I followed the steps to modify my existing profiles, but now it says that wlp59s0 is unavailable and I cannot connect to anything.

I'm doing a project regarding RSSI and I have to retrieve the signal level of a particular WiFi SSID that I'm working on using the Linux command line. I've made use of the iwlist scanning command but I just couldn't get it to display the values that I want by using grep to print only the SSID name, quality and signal level. Commands that I've tried that didn't give me the results I wanted: 1. iwlist INTERFACE scanning essid SpecificESSID | grep Signal 2. iwlist INTERFACE scanning essid SpecificESSID | grep ESSID,Signal 3. iwlist INTERFACE scan | grep 'ESSID:"SpecificESSID"\|Signal level' - This almost worked but it displayed other networks' signal level as well and I only need one specific network information.

I understand iwconfig is deprecated and I should use iw instead. iwconfig returns some useful wifi performance KPIs:

wlan0     IEEE 802.11  ESSID:"mynetwork"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:5.805 GHz  Access Point: [mac redacted]
          Bit Rate=65 Mb/s   Tx-Power=31 dBm
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:on
          Link Quality=36/70  Signal level=-74 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:289  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0

iw dev wlan0 link shows only the following KPIs:

Connected to [mac redacted] (on wlan0)
        SSID: mynetwork
        freq: 5805
        RX: 26639983 bytes (233840 packets)
        TX: 179162612 bytes (367250 packets)
        signal: -74 dBm
        rx bitrate: 234.0 MBit/s
        tx bitrate: 87.7 MBit/s

        bss flags:
        dtim period:    2
        beacon int:     100

iw dev wlan0 info only shows static hardware & configuration information about the connected network, there's no performance KPIs. Is there a way to get the Rx invalid nwid, Rx invalid crypt, Rx invalid frag, Tx excessive retries, Invalid misc, or Missed beacon counters with iw? If iw is not supposed to provide this information, is there a non-deprecated tool which *does* provide it?

I'm currently building an application that leverages NetworkManager for providing network configuration functionalities. The application uses the DBus API to communicate with NetworkManager. I'm now stuck on the following problem: I want to have a UI element that lists the WiFi channels/frequencies that the user can select when setting up a WiFi access point but I'm not able to find a way to ask NetworkManager for this information. If I understand correctly the supported channel/frequencies depend on the network card capabilities and the country code set for the system. When I use nmtui the channel selector is a text box and when I select an unsupported channel it throws an error. It looks like this information is available somewhere but I can't access it. I know that I can retrieve this info from iwlist but, as per their documentation, that command output is not meant to be parsed and is not stable. I tried skimming through the wpa_supplicant DBus API but it doesn't seem to provide this information either. Is there a service/API I can use for retrieving this information?

Reproduce: start a hwsim wlan AP, let it either automatically choose a channel (i.e. don't set a channel in hostapd.conf) or set one in the conf file. Let's assume we have wlan0 and the channel is 2 (2417 MHz) - check current channel using iw dev. Try to switch the channel using either: iw dev wlan0 switch channel 5 and iw dev wlan0 switch freq 2432 response: command failed: Invalid argument (-22)

Usage:  iw [options] dev  switch channel  [NOHT|HT20|HT40+|HT40-|5MHz|10MHz|80MHz] [beacons ] [block-tx]
Options:
        --debug         enable netlink debugging

I tried adding NOHT, HT20, beacon 4 and combinations of it, nothing worked. Changing the channel using iw dev wlan0 set channel 5 works, but in this case the interface has to be down. Can someone tell me what I'm doing wrong?

I am completely new to networks, and need to find a way to read wireless networks beacon frames data. I did so for windows, using Win32 wlanapi, now need to do the same for linux. I have been trying to port iwlist scanning functionality (which seems to parse bssds beacon frames good enough for me) into a c# app, but without success. As a last shot, I would like to inquire about which other tools in linux do read beacon frames. I prefer reading the frames following the type-length-value structure myself, rather than have it parsed to string. What are the options out there for this ? could you please share an example call for such a tool ? I have been playing (or trying) with: 1. iwlist scanning 2. iw dev [interface name] scan dump -v (does not seem to read beacon frames, at least not as iwlist scanning) 3. wpa_supplicant - not managed to do so, if possible at all 4. libpcap (not tried yet) Remark: UI tools are not suitable. My goal is to have a C# app running at regular intervals reading beacon frames and extracting info from them. Do ultimately all options rely on communicating with linux 80211 driver ? Meaning writing a C program that interfaces the driver a good option, so not to rely in anything else?

As we know, We can create virtual wireless interface using iw dev (1) . Also, We can change it's MAC address using ifconfig hw ether . Then We can Set two different access points (SSIDs) to each of these inetrfaces using Network Manager. For example: (Real) wlan0: 00:16:b6:ab:cd:e7 -> AP(1) (Virtual) wlan1: 00:16:b6:ab:cd:e8 -> AP(2) But whenever wlan0 is connected to AP(1), And I try to connect to AP(2), First the wlan0 disconnects and then wlan1 connects to it's own AP. I need to connect both of them simultaneously. Is it possible? How? Edit: My specific card is a Lisco/Linksys RTL8191SEvB. I run Linux 4.4.38.

The iwd is the up-and-coming wireless daemon for linux released by Intel and the wpasupplicant successor. The development of iwd is still in progress , but it is packaged under some linux distribution Gentoo, Arch-linux , Ubuntu (Cosmic) and Debian (Buster and Sid)... The configuration of the network and the connection is possible through the interactive mode using iwctl , the help command will display the list of the available commands (no manpage ). Without using the interactive mode : 1) How can I manually configure the wifi credentials? 2) How can I connect to the configured wifi through iwctl? 3) How can I automatically enable the wifi connection at boot?

I need to aquire hardware (can be a wifi card or a router) that is capable of simulating many wifi stations on one wifi radio. Something similar to this (from arch linux wiki):

$ iw list

Wiphy phy1
...
        valid interface combinations:
                 * #{ managed } <= 2048, #{ AP, mesh point } <= 8, #{ P2P-client, P2P-GO } <= 1,
                   total <= 2048, #channels <= 1, STA/AP BI must match
...

I have discovered that i need a SoftMac device, possibly with ath9k driver, however i have not been able to find specifications for any hardware that supports this. Ideally it needs to support 20+ stations. Any recomendations?

When I run iw phy I see the list of ciphers my interface supports, Supported Ciphers: * WEP40 (00-0f-ac:1) * WEP104 (00-0f-ac:5) * TKIP (00-0f-ac:2) * CCMP-128 (00-0f-ac:4) * GCMP-128 (00-0f-ac:8) * GCMP-256 (00-0f-ac:9) * CMAC (00-0f-ac:6) * GMAC-128 (00-0f-ac:11) * GMAC-256 (00-0f-ac:12) How do I find what cipher the card is using on the currently connected network?

When I run sudo iw phy, I get, 5500 MHz (22.0 dBm) (no IR, radar detection) 5520 MHz (22.0 dBm) (no IR, radar detection) 5540 MHz (22.0 dBm) (no IR, radar detection) 5560 MHz (22.0 dBm) (no IR, radar detection) What does *radar detection* mean in that context?

Running ip link I get the output 1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: wlp6s0: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000 link/ether 28:b2:bd:97:d6:50 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 3: wlxd0374514b161: mtu 1500 qdisc mq state UP mode DORMANT group default qlen 1000 link/ether d0:37:45:14:b1:61 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff Similarly, ls /sys/class/net lists lo wlp6s0 wlxd0374514b161. However, iw dev prints out a single interface: phy#0 Interface wlp6s0 ifindex 2 wdev 0x1 addr 28:b2:bd:97:d6:50 type managed txpower 0.00 dBm Similarly, nmcli dev gives DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION wlxd0374514b161 wifi connected awesomeConnection lo loopback unmanaged -- wlp6s0 wifi unmanaged -- I thought iw dev was also supposed to print all available network interfaces? Is this not the case? Why is one interface not shown in the output of iw dev? Here, wlp6s0 is the internal network adapter of my laptop, which is disabled because faulty, while wlxd0374514b161 is a (working...?) USB network adapter. About said USB lsusb tells me Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0bda:8179 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188EUS 802.11n Wireless Network Adapter while the drivers of the two network interfaces are $ DEV=wlxd0374514b161 $ readlink -f /sys/class/net/$DEV/device/driver /sys/bus/usb/drivers/r8188eu $ readlink -f /sys/class/net/wlp6s0/device/driver /sys/bus/pci/drivers/iwlwifi I add this information because, considering this question on superuser , and https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/386667/iw-not-finding-usb-wifi-dongle, it might be relevant to the issue.

Hardware: Intel **Galileo** Gen 2 System: **Yocto** linux (iot-devkit-image) User: root At "**Step 7**" of this Post root@dhcppc6:~/crda-3.18# make GEN keys-gcrypt.c Trusted pubkeys: pubkeys/root.key.pub.pem pubkeys/root.x509.pem pubkeys/sforshee.x509.pem pubkeys/sforshee.key.pub.pem pubkeys/benh@debian.org.key.pub.pem pubkeys/linville.key.pub.pem Traceback (most recent call last): File "./utils/key2pub.py", line 149, in key = RSA.load_key(f) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/M2Crypto/RSA.py", line 376, in load_key return load_key_bio(bio, callback) File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/M2Crypto/RSA.py", line 395, in load_key_bio rsa_error() File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/M2Crypto/RSA.py", line 330, in rsa_error raise RSAError(m2.err_reason_error_string(m2.err_get_error())) M2Crypto.RSA.RSAError: no start line Makefile:113: recipe for target 'keys-gcrypt.c' failed make: *** [keys-gcrypt.c] Error 1 when run make again root@dhcppc6:~/crda-3.18# make CC libreg.so reglib.c: In function 'reglib_verify_db_signature': reglib.c:168:26: error: 'keys' undeclared (first use in this function) for (i = 0; (i < sizeof(keys)/sizeof(keys)) && (!ok); i++) { ^ reglib.c:168:26: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in Makefile:118: recipe for target 'libreg.so' failed make: *** [libreg.so] Error 1 How to fix "**crda make**" ?

I am running a server sending data from a linux embedded device which is hosting its own network using a network module. It is running on an iMX7 processor connected to a network module. The problem that I am facing is that my host is always unluckily choosing a random channel that is quite noisy and crowded and because of this, my data transfer is having some latencies. My question is: is there a linux command or a programatic way to switch the wifi channel? I can run iwlist p2p-wlan0-0 scan | grep \(Channel to see the available channels on that interface. But is there a way to enforce my interface which is p2p-wlan0-0 to choose a specific channel like channel 49 for example?

I just get back a script to display the wifi connection on my desktop manager. But this one is using iwgetid : [[ -z "$(iwgetid -r)" ]] || echo "$(iwgetid -r)" But iwgetid is depreciated and I didn't even see it inside Gentoo main repository. So I'm searching to replace the line above with iw.