I have to HDD drives on two different servers that I need to sync regularly. Until now, I've been using rsync over sshfs, first from one to the other, then from the other to the first, but this method is proving unsatisfactory. When a file is removed from drive A, it is not copied to drive B, but then copied from drive B to drive A. So I can never remove anything unless I do it from both drives. The same goes for renaming - renaming a directory on one drive soon results in two directories with different names but the same contents. Ideally I need something that keeps track of changes on one drive and then duplicates these changes on the other. Any suggestions?

I use notify-send and dunst for my notification system on my desktop. After a research, I found out that there are a few commercial solutions for sending push notifications to iOS devices, and I even wrote a script using Pushover. However, I did not find any way to get notifications from the iPhone displayed on my desktop. (Preferably using a unified notification system, for example using notify-send). I know that OSX has very good support for this, so I guess it's not impossible, but I did not find any working solution. Of course, the best solution would be to get full sync, including removing a notification from both places if it has been read in one place. A lot of this is already solved, of course. E-mail, Facebook, etc. notifications gets "synced" out-of-the-box basically. I'm ok with having to write scripts, including having to write customized filters, etc. If there's no full solutions, I'm satisfied with getting the building blocks only, especially something that sends the iOS notifications to my desktop somehow. EDIT: I added the tag Bluetooth because I learned that OSX does this using Bluetooth LE. Looking up Bluetooth LE support still did not help me, though.

I have a laptop running Fedora20. I have an iPhone4S. I have installed the software suggested here which allows my laptop to read the iPhone. I connect my phone to the laptop using a USB cable. I can see a bunch of files, including all the images that are on the iPhone. I can transfer images from the iPhone to the laptop. **What I want to do is transfer images from the laptop to the iPhone.** When I copy and paste images I don' get any error message, but the images never appear on the iPhone. **How can I sync these images to the iPhone?** I do not have any other OS available. (Asking here because "AskDifferent", the Apple StackExchange site is hopeless)

On Windows, Microsoft offers their Cloud Filter API (parts of which are implemented in the Windows Kernel as the CldFlt Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver), which provides for an interface for cloud storage integration with features similar to Microsoft's OneDrive. AFAIK, Linux doesn't offer anything quite like that (StackOverflow ). One of the most useful features of the Cloud Filter API are the placeholder files, which allow the local file system to display files that will be downloaded from the cloud storage on access. This is a huge usability improvement over having to select specific folders to fully sync and download. It also enables space saving by removing unused files from local storage. Are there any cloud storage clients on Linux that implement such a feature and if so, how do they do that? To be clear, I am not looking for a specific piece of software, but I would like to understand how such a mechanism is implemented on Linux. Using libfuse might be an option, but it seems less than ideal, since it would require hiding the actual local storage folder from the user and serving a full 'fake' filesystem instead. (What if the daemon isn't running? Can the user access the locally stored files, or see the placeholders and be notified that the daemon is down?)

I have two machines that I use for work. One is the local machine located at my home, and the other is the remote machine located at my office. I have a "development" folder in which I keep all my work. It contains various folders of LaTeX documents, Python projects, etc. Most of these folders are git repositories themselves. I need to be able to switch between the machines and pick up my development work as and when I require it depending upon my physical presence at home or office. What's the best way to do rsync of this "development" folder? I did: rsync -zvaP /media/shihab/development shihab@remote:/media/shihab/OSDisk/development and rsync -zvaP shihab@remote:/media/shihab/OSDisk/development /media/shihab/development but I ended up messing up my file and folder permissions and groups. How do established programmers manage switching between their machines?

I'm new to the world of Raspberry 2 and Linux and I have install Chromium on the Raspberry. I did this because I thought it would be a good way to access my Google Chrome Bookmarks (Favourites). However, I'm having problems. When I log into Chromium in order to sync, I get the message: > The sync server is busy, please try again later. I've tried a few hours later, next day, etc. I suspect the sync server being busy is not the problem. Can anyone tell me how to fix this problem and help me sync my bookmarks? The version of Chromium is:22.0.1229.94. I vaguely understand it's possible to get a later version. I'm new to Linux and would have to be told the explicit steps to do so. The Linux I'm running came with the Raspberry 2 and is some flavor of Debian (I'd report the version number if I knew where to look!). Finally, I'm not wedded to Chromium. I just want a browser where I can see my Chrome bookmarks and (ideally) have them synced every time I add a bookmark to Chrome or the browser on Raspberry.

I apologize in advance if this is documented somewhere or on the site - I could not find a solution and so I'm asking here. I'm trying to use Ansible's synchronize module to pull files from a remote host, like so:

- hosts: Server.A
  gather_facts: no
  tasks:
    synchronize:
      mode: pull
      src: "file/to/pull"
      dest: "path/to/destination"
    delegate_to: NAS

That is, I want the NAS host to SSH into Server.A and pull the files I'd like to upload. The problem is, the NAS has a non-default user (admin). I set the NAS's admin user via the inventory file, and I can communicate with the NAS ok. However, when I run the

task, it attempts to login to the source server (Server.A) with the admin user, which does not exist, and fails. I've tried changing the

,

the module's

settings, in the playbook, the hosts file and the host_vars, but I can't get it to work and find it very confusing. How would I go about running the

command as a different remote user instead of the local one? Thanks!

Is there any tool available to sync files between two or more linux servers immediately after writing the file in the disk? The rsync command does not suit me on this, because if I set rsync in cron, the minimum time I can set is 1 minute, but I need it on real-time basis.

I develop a git-tracked codebase that has a lot of files. This code must be run on a remote machine. So every time I make a change locally, I must then sync it to the remote and run the new code on the remote. I want to eliminate the manual sync step. Things I've tried: * Simply doing git push (locally) and git pull (remotely) works but leads to many useless commits. Also, sometimes I am only trying small changes and I don't want those to be committed. * Mounting the remote dir locally with sshfs works, but there is a slight latency in file access. I don't mind, but PyCharm relies on it and many features break. Is there a better way to accomplish this?

My .mbsyncrc file includes the lines MaxMessages 1000 ExpireUnread yes However, when attempting to download my gmails, it doesn't seem to sync the newest ones. For example, I've just done an mbsync, and my mutt inbox is missing about 30 emails which should have come in today. In fact there are no emails in my mutt inbox dated today (July 11). I really don;t want my local slave files to grow larger and larger, and in fact keeping only the most recent 1000 emails is fine. How can I sync only the 1000 most recent emails locally, while keeping the rest on the gmail server?

I am trying to use MBSync to sync a local Maildir++ folder (dovecot mail data) into a remote IMAP mailbox. While it works in general, subdirs of INBOX are ignored. Config looks like this: MaildirStore a-local Subfolders Maildir++ Inbox /var/kunden/mail/a/foo@bar.com IMAPAccount a Host *** User *** Pass *** SSLType IMAPS CertificateFile ~/mail/cert IMAPStore a-remote Account a Channel a Master :a-local: Slave :a-remote: Patterns * SyncState ~/mail/a-imap-transfer Ouput looks like this (why is INBOX ignored?!) pattern '*' (effective '*'): Path, no INBOX Maildir warning: ignoring INBOX in /var/kunden/mail/a/foo@bar.com/ Opening slave store a-remote... Resolving ***... ok Connecting to *** (***:993)... Connection is now encrypted Logging in... Authenticating with SASL mechanism PLAIN... pattern '*' (effective '*'): Path, no INBOX Opening master box INBOX... Opening slave box INBOX... The folder structure in file system looks like this: .Drafts '.Entw&APw-rfe' .Gesendet .INBOX.abizeitung .INBOX.Bachelorarbeit .INBOX.bestellungen .INBOX.dav the last 4 of those are NOT synced. Any hints?

I rather randomly checked the status of my RAID arrays with cat/proc/mdstat and realized, that one of my arrays seems to be resyncing: md1 : active raid1 sdb7 sdc7 238340224 blocks [2/2] [UU] [==========>..........] resync = 52.2% (124602368/238340224) finish=75.0min speed=25258K/sec Why is this and what does it mean? I seemingly can access the mount point just fine with r/w permissions. **EDIT 1** (in response to **SLM's ANSWER**) I can't really see anything if I grep through dmesg and the --detail switch doesn't tell me much either, i.e. it displays that the resync is in progress... but no hint for the reason or why it might have gotten out of sync... - I guess I might just need to keep an eye on it before I start swapping out my hardware.

I am in the process of finally switching my main machine over to Linux. One of the last items I am still urgently trying to solve is to find an email client that is capable of taking advantage of the Exchange ActiveSync protocol. I have my own open source version of that protocol running and synchronize all of my devices with my server. That way I can keep all my emails, contacts and calendars in sync. The issue is that the only email client I found was bluemail which I have a few challenges to setup which I believe it's because of the self signed certificate. I am working on that piece. Anyway, are there other email clients that you can suggest that would support the EAS protocol? I tried Thunderbird, but that only supports the sync of calendar and contacts with the TB sync plugin, Evolution, supporting the EWS protocol. Unfortunately it seems that there are no other clients that support the ActiveSync one. I did some investigation but could not identify other alternatives. I would appreciate any suggestions for a client that does support the Exchange ActiveSync protocol and sync mails, calendar and contacts. Thanks realshadow

# timedatectl reports System clock synchronized: no even when NTP service: active and # systemctl status chronyd shows active (running), and the logs therein don't show anything like an error; I see for example "Using right/UTC timezone to obtain leap second data". This is a RHEL 8 system, the /etc/chrony.conf file is the default. I expected to see System clock synchronized: yes, which I think means the system is getting synchronized with the pool specified in /etc/chrony.conf. Maybe I'm missing something misinterpreting what this means? Edit: Full # timedatectl output

Local time: Tue 2020-10-06 12:11:32 PDT
           Universal time: Tue 2020-10-06 19:11:32 UTC
                 RTC time: Tue 2020-10-06 19:11:32
                Time zone: America/Los_Angeles (PDT, -0700)
System clock synchronized: no
              NTP service: active
          RTC in local TZ: no

Edit: Answer is in https://serverfault.com/questions/1036676/system-clock-synchronized-no-flip-it-to-yes

I use unison to sync two folders that are in separate computers (via unison command with ssh). If for convenience I happen to change the name of the parent folder, unison start to sync the folders as if it were the first time I sync them, taking a lot of time (because the two folders are quite large). Here is the message I get: Looking for changes Warning: No archive files were found for these roots, whose canonical names are: /path/to/my/folder1 /path/to/my/folder2 This can happen either because this is the first time you have synchronized these roots, or because you have upgraded Unison to a new version with a different archive format. Update detection may take a while on this run if the replicas are large. Unison will assume that the 'last synchronized state' of both replicas was completely empty. This means that any files that are different will be reported as conflicts, and any files that exist only on one replica will be judged as new and propagated to the other replica. If the two replicas are identical, then no changes will be reported. Is there a way to tell unison that these folders have previously been synced? Perhaps changing the path somewhere and recovering the last unison file? Similarly, maybe a related question: if I copy one of my folders to a new computer and therefore they are already in that moment identical, could I tell unison that they are identical to skip the update detection process?

I need advice about syncing directories between two Linux laptops. Currently, I'm using Google Drive mounted with google-drive-ocamlfuse on both machines, but it's causing significant performance issues. Basic operations like cp, mv, and even compilation are running very slowly. What I'm specifically looking for is a setup where each laptop maintains its own local copy of the data, with a master copy on a cloud/NFS server. The ideal tool would automatically sync changes made on either laptop with the master copy and update accordingly. Any suggestions for a better solution would be appreciated

My two machines do not support hardware timestamping:

ethtool -T eno1
Time stamping parameters for eno1:
Capabilities:
	software-transmit
	software-receive
	software-system-clock
PTP Hardware Clock: none
Hardware Transmit Timestamp Modes: none
Hardware Receive Filter Modes: none

How can I achieve software-based time synchronization between these two machines using linuxptp? I tried following https://tsn.readthedocs.io/timesync.html - this tutorial, but this assumes hardware timestamping. I tried using ptp4l -S option but phc2sys fails because it cannot find a valid source.

OS is Debian 12. I copied some data to a usb drive, then ran the sync command to ensure I could remove it safely. The sync command then appeared to be stuck. After waiting for half an hour, I tried attaching strace, which showed no changing output. I cannot kill the sync, even with kill -9. ps shows the sync command in the "D" state. How do I get the sync command to exit without rebooting? What is wrong with sync? Is it just not used anymore? I've never been able to run it before without something like this happening. Can I just leave the sync stuck in "D" for now? Will it interfere with my normal desktop operation? I really do not want to reboot.

When I was first introduced to Linux, working at Cisco Systems in 2000, I was taught the merits of the sync command, used to flush buffers to disk to prevent filesystem corruption / data loss. I was told not only by coworkers there, but by friends in college to always run sync "a few" or "a bunch" of times, that is, maybe 5 - 10 times, instead of just once. I've continued this habit ever since, but, is there any merit to this? Has anyone else ever heard this? And most importantly, can anyone provide good rationale / empirical evidence for/against the idea that you need to run sync more than once for it to be effective?

I am trying to sync the time with PTP; I've configured the Trimble device with PTP. However, when I use LinuxPTP with the below configuration, the local clock is always selected as the best master clock.

ptp4l[892.103]: selected local clock 00032d.fffe.55bd3b as best master

I wonder why it's not picking up the Trimble device as the master clock. Devices are connected via SFP/Fiber optic cables. * PTP Config file - /etc/linuxptp/ptpv2.conf

[global]
    verbose         1  
    domainNumber    24
    clockClass      6
    priority1       128
    priority2       128
    [enp11s0]

* Run with sudo like this and console this output.

-shellsession
    $ sudo ptp4l -f /etc/linuxptp/ptpv2.conf 
    ptp4l[886.038]: selected /dev/ptp7 as PTP clock
    ptp4l[886.039]: port 1 (enp11s0): INITIALIZING to LISTENING on INIT_COMPLETE
    ptp4l[886.039]: port 0 (/var/run/ptp4l): INITIALIZING to LISTENING on INIT_COMPLETE
    ptp4l[886.039]: port 0 (/var/run/ptp4lro): INITIALIZING to LISTENING on INIT_COMPLETE
    ptp4l[892.103]: port 1 (enp11s0): LISTENING to MASTER on ANNOUNCE_RECEIPT_TIMEOUT_EXPIRES
    ptp4l[892.103]: selected local clock 00032d.fffe.55bd3b as best master
    ptp4l[892.103]: port 1 (enp11s0): assuming the grand master role

* I also captured the Wireshark Announce Message to see if it's helpful to debug this.

Frame 9466: 78 bytes on wire (624 bits), 78 bytes captured (624 bits) on interface enp11s0, id 0
    Ethernet II, Src: Trimble_70:07:6a (00:17:47:70:07:6a), Dst: IEEEI&MS_00:00:00 (01:1b:19:00:00:00)
    Precision Time Protocol (IEEE1588)
        0000 .... = majorSdoId: Unknown (0x0)
        .... 1011 = messageType: Announce Message (0xb)
        0000 .... = minorVersionPTP: 0
        .... 0010 = versionPTP: 2
        messageLength: 64
        domainNumber: 24
        minorSdoId: 0
        flags: 0x003c
            0... .... .... .... = PTP_SECURITY: False
            .0.. .... .... .... = PTP profile Specific 2: False
            ..0. .... .... .... = PTP profile Specific 1: False
            .... .0.. .... .... = PTP_UNICAST: False
            .... ..0. .... .... = PTP_TWO_STEP: False
            .... ...0 .... .... = PTP_ALTERNATE_MASTER: False
            .... .... .0.. .... = SYNCHRONIZATION_UNCERTAIN: False
            .... .... ..1. .... = FREQUENCY_TRACEABLE: True
            .... .... ...1 .... = TIME_TRACEABLE: True
            .... .... .... 1... = PTP_TIMESCALE: True
            .... .... .... .1.. = PTP_UTC_REASONABLE: True
            .... .... .... ..0. = PTP_LI_59: False
            .... .... .... ...0 = PTP_LI_61: False
        correctionField: 0.000000 nanoseconds
            correction: Ns: 0 nanoseconds
            correctionSubNs: 0 nanoseconds
        messageTypeSpecific: 0
        ClockIdentity: 0x001747fffe70076a
            MAC Vendor: Trimble
        SourcePortID: 1
        sequenceId: 28828
        controlField: Other Message (5)
        logMessagePeriod: -3
        originTimestamp (seconds): 0
        originTimestamp (nanoseconds): 0
        originCurrentUTCOffset: 37
        priority1: 128
        grandmasterClockClass: 6
        grandmasterClockAccuracy: The time is accurate to within 100 ns (0x21)
        grandmasterClockVariance: 20061
        priority2: 128
        grandmasterClockIdentity: 0x001747fffe70076a
        localStepsRemoved: 0
        TimeSource: GPS (0x20)

* Sync Command

-shell
    phc2sys -w -m -s enp11s0 -c CLOCK_REALTIME

When I check some other configs on the internet, their logs show the correct clock selection, but mine always selects the best master clock as the local clock, and it won't sync the time from the master/boundary clock (right now, I am using a Trimble 1570001820 device with GPS). Other notes: * NTP disabled * Hardware is capable of handling PTP, and the latest drivers are installed.