I configured an SMTP server (Postfix) on an AWS instance. However, as a defense against spam most well-managed emailservers will reject messages ***sent*** from any host whose IP does not resolve back to the same hostname of the sending server. When I sent a test message from the CLI: mail -s 'TEST Subject' addressOfRecpient@test.com <<< 'Test Message Sent from Postfix Server' It gets rejected by the recipient's mailserver. ***How do I create a PTR record for the Elastic IP assigned to my AWS mailserver?***

I have many email archived in eml format. The problem is that I can't view them without installing an email client and importing eml files, which is tedious and not what i want. Ideally, I would like to find something like a pdf viewer that opens when you click on the file. I currently use munpack -t that extracts attachments and text in separate files. It kinda works but it's tedious. As a reference, when I am on a Windows desktop, I use quicklook which opens the eml file like any other text or pdf file. Any idea ?

How do hooks work? Is it possible to use them to change the saved copy of the letter on the mail server (for example, to delete attachments)? For example, to use account-hook and replace the sent letter with a copy? I am using mutt from terminal.

I am trying to use port 587 in roundcubemail running in the same machine as my mail server, and I am always receiving this error: SMTP Error (530): Failed to set sender "X" (5.7.0 Must issue a STARTTLS command first). I have already changed, smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt to smtpd_tls_security_level=may and nothing happens, and I have already 'submission' uncommented. Those was the solutions that I have found to solve this problem, but till now no result here. Main.cf: http://pastebin.com/aEtC0AJt Master.cf: http://pastebin.com/023uu2T8 System specs: 1. PHP Version 5.6.25 2. Postfix 3. MacOS 10.12 I don't know if it is related, but I cannot login through IMAP port 993. I am only able to use ports 25 and 143 without SSL. I cannot send mails internally, all mails pass through my ISP mail server, where my email domain is.

I need to send a letter from Linux terminal to the recipient's mailing address. I want the fact of sending the letter, its title and its text to be saved in the sent section of my mailbox (the mailbox is administered by another company). It would be great if I didn't have to click to send them as in the script below. Here is my previous solution, this method saves the attachments and forces me to click. thunderbird -compose to="${mails}" ,subject="${sub}" ,body="${text}" ,attachment="'${attach},${letter}'"; Following the advice of the commenters, I configured mutt to use a mailbox. This is my first time using it, so maybe I did something wrong, but I was able to get a list of my emails on the server. Here is my .muttrc file (if you have any advice fot this file, please tell me): # ======================= IMAP ========================= set imap_user = myaccount@company.com set imap_pass = mypassword set spoolfile = imaps://mail.company.com/INBOX set folder = imaps://mail.company.com/ set record = "=SENDED" set postponed = "=DRAFTS" set mbox = "=INBOX" #set header_cache = "~/.mutt/cache/headers" #set message_cachedir = "~/.mutt/cache/bodies" set certificate_file = "~/.mutt/certificates" # ======================= SMTP ========================= set smtp_url = "smtp://myaccount@company.com@mail.company.com:123/" set smtp_pass = $imap_pass set ssl_force_tls = yes # ======================= Composition ================== set editor = "nano" set edit_headers = yes set charset = UTF8 unset use_domain set realname = "My Name" set from = "myaccount@mail.company.com" set use_from = yes In any case, authorization on the server was successful and I received a list of my letters in the terminal. Command to sending mails with attachments is: mutt -s "This is Subject" -a a.txt -- yipsokikko@gufum.com < test.txt

I send emails from the terminal with mutt -s "This is Subject" -a a.txt -- yipsokikko@gufum.com < test.txt. The a.txt attachments can be large, how can I avoid filling up the mail server? I would like the attachments to not be saved on the server or to be deleted immediately after sending. Maybe there is a way to send one copy of the email (with attachments) and save the other (without attachments). Or you can delete the email after sending (you need to make sure that the email was sent) and then save a copy of the email in the sent folder, but without sending it to the recipient again. It is not necessary to do this with mutt, maybe there is something more suitable. My .muttrc file is: # ======================= IMAP ========================= set imap_user = myaccount@company.com set imap_pass = mypassword set spoolfile = imaps://mail.company.com/INBOX set folder = imaps://mail.company.com/ set record = "=SENDED" set postponed = "=DRAFTS" set mbox = "=INBOX" #set header_cache = "~/.mutt/cache/headers" #set message_cachedir = "~/.mutt/cache/bodies" set certificate_file = "~/.mutt/certificates" # ======================= SMTP ========================= set smtp_url = "smtp://myaccount@company.com@mail.company.com:123/" set smtp_pass = $imap_pass set ssl_force_tls = yes # ======================= Composition ================== set editor = "nano" set edit_headers = yes set charset = UTF8 unset use_domain set realname = "My Name" set from = "myaccount@mail.company.com" set use_from = yes

I would like to add a virtual host/domain with several mailboxes on postfix where the users can only send mail to addresses with a specific domain hosted on the same postfix instance. The scenario here is that I have a bunch of internal servers and applications, they all run under "appname.local.domain.tld". I would like to allow these applications to only send mail from appname@local.domain.tld to mailboxes at username@domain.tld. Other destinations than *@domain.tld should not be allowed for mail originating from *@local.domain.tld. This is to prevent data leaks from a misconfigured application (or an application under attack) and to make sure that all mail from these systems stays within the organization. Both, mail for *@domain.tld and *.local.domain.tld is handled by the same postfix instance. Mail from *@domain.tld should obviously not be impacted by the restrictions defined above. How can I configure postfix to achieve the scenario stated above?

This might question might not have a 'legal' answer but I'll ask it anyway. My dad is 15 year dead but I still have the disk out of his old Windows computer. It seems my sister want's me to try to dig up his old emails for a book she's writing. I have the disk mounted on my Linux machine with no trouble, but will it be possible to grab his emails? I suppose the disk had a PW but that's long gone tho I have a guess. Or is this the sort of thing only the CIA can do?

I have the following shell script fragment. var_name='ZZPCI' for emailadd in cat /tmp/email_list.tmp do subject_text="Subject with Var Name "$var_name subj_text_novar="Subject without Var Name" email_mssge="this is the message with variable name "$var_name echo "$email_mssge"|mailx -a /tmp/my_report.txt -s "$subject_text" "$emailadd" echo "$email_mssge"|mailx -a /tmp/my_report.txt -s "$subj_text_novar" "$emailadd" done What it does is a. Sets the variable var_name b. Reads through the list of email addresses stored in /tmp/email_list.tmp c. Compiles and sends an email with /tmp/my_report.txt (plain text file) as an attachment The script is intended to run on a number of different servers, so var_name will change with each server. The mail command with $subj_text_novar, (does not include $var_name in the subject string), sends the email correctly . However the mail command with $subject_text which does include $var_name places the contents of the attachment into the main body of the email. As far as I can make out, it is the actual $-sign causing the problem because hardcoding the var_name value into the string is fine but I don't see why because surely var_name is just a concatenated string So, how can I set the subject for mail so it includes $var_name and my text file is sent as an attachment? I am running this on SuSE 11.3 but the solution ideally needs to work on AIX 6.1 and HP UX11.31 as well Regards

I am at a loss to what is causing my issue but when trying to send a mail from my server i see this in my maillog: > Oct 16 12:11:19 MYSERVER sendmail: v9GBBJxD063109: > to=myemail@address.com, ctladdr=root (0/0), delay=00:00:00, > xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=60384, relay=[127.0.0.1] > [127.0.0.1], dsn=4.0.0, stat=Deferred: Connection refused by > [127.0.0.1] From the research i've done it was thought the issue was a global writable file in the /etc/mail folder but i dont see one in there. Anyone know what else to look at?

sender_email - email address that does not exist, but must be used as FROM address, because receiver host rejects emails from other emails. receiver_email - email that is supposed to receive the sent message local_smtp - SMTP server that is installed on another computer in the local network and forwards all received messages to external_smtp external_smtp - SMTP server that is installed on a computer in another network and rejects all emails that do not come from sender_email I have configured sendmail to send emails from sender_email and authenticate with user/password to local_smtp that is supposed to send the email message further to external_smtp that only accepts emails sent from a specific email, which is sender_email in this case. However, judging from the log files sendmail authenticates with external_smtp instead of local_smtp. I do not want to authenticate with external_smtp, because that is up to local_smtp. logfile: 10745 >> EHLO mgmt-snmp 10759 >> MAIL From: AUTH=sender_email 10759 >> This is a MIME-encapsulated message 10759 >>> 10759 >>> --t8IEdmbX010759.1442587188/mgmt-snmp 10759 >>> 10759 >>> The original message was received at Fri, 18 Sep 2015 16:39:48 +0200 10759 >>> from root@localhost 10759 >>> 10759 >>> ----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors ----- 10759 >>> receiver_email 10759 >>> (reason: 530 authentication required) 10759 >>> I guess it has something to do with AUTH=sender_email, but I do not know how to change it. sendmail.mc: divert(-1)dnl #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- # $Sendmail: debproto.mc,v 8.14.4 2014-02-11 13:02:08 cowboy Exp $ # # Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Richard Nelson. All Rights Reserved. # # cf/debian/sendmail.mc. Generated from sendmail.mc.in by configure. # # sendmail.mc prototype config file for building Sendmail 8.14.4 # # Note: the .in file supports 8.7.6 - 9.0.0, but the generated # file is customized to the version noted above. # # This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems. # # If you modify this file, you will have to regenerate /etc/mail/sendmail.cf # by running this file through the m4 preprocessor via one of the following: # * make (or make -C /etc/mail) # * sendmailconfig # * m4 /etc/mail/sendmail.mc > /etc/mail/sendmail.cf # The first two options are preferred as they will also update other files # that depend upon the contents of this file. # # The best documentation for this .mc file is: # /usr/share/doc/sendmail-doc/cf.README.gz # #----------------------------------------------------------------------------- divert(0)dnl # # Copyright (c) 1998-2005 Richard Nelson. All Rights Reserved. # # This file is used to configure Sendmail for use with Debian systems. # define(`_USE_ETC_MAIL_')dnl include(`/usr/share/sendmail/cf/m4/cf.m4')dnl VERSIONID(`$Id: sendmail.mc, v 8.14.4-4.1ubuntu1 2014-02-11 13:02:08 cowboy Exp $') OSTYPE(`debian')dnl DOMAIN(`debian-mta')dnl dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE undefine(`confHOST_STATUS_DIRECTORY')dnl #DAEMON_HOSTSTATS= dnl # Items controlled by /etc/mail/sendmail.conf - DO NOT TOUCH HERE dnl # dnl # General defines dnl # dnl # SAFE_FILE_ENV: [undefined] If set, sendmail will do a chroot() dnl # into this directory before writing files. dnl # If *all* your user accounts are under /home then use that dnl # instead - it will prevent any writes outside of /home ! dnl # define(confSAFE_FILE_ENV', ')dnl dnl # dnl # Daemon options - restrict to servicing LOCALHOST ONLY !!! dnl # Remove `, Addr=' clauses to receive from any interface dnl # If you want to support IPv6, switch the commented/uncommentd lines dnl # FEATURE(`no_default_msa')dnl dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MTA-v6, Port=smtp, Addr=::1')dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MTA-v4, Port=smtp')dnl dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet6, Name=MSP-v6, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=::1')dnl DAEMON_OPTIONS(`Family=inet, Name=MSP-v4, Port=submission, M=Ea, Addr=127.0.0.1')dnl dnl # dnl # Be somewhat anal in what we allow define(`confPRIVACY_FLAGS',dnl `needmailhelo,needexpnhelo,needvrfyhelo,restrictqrun,restrictexpand,nobodyreturn,authwarnings')dnl dnl # dnl # Define connection throttling and window length define(confCONNECTION_RATE_THROTTLE', 15')dnl define(confCONNECTION_RATE_WINDOW_SIZE',10m')dnl dnl # dnl # Features dnl # dnl # use /etc/mail/local-host-names FEATURE(`use_cw_file')dnl dnl # dnl # The access db is the basis for most of sendmail's checking FEATURE(access_db', , skip')dnl dnl # dnl # The greet_pause feature stops some automail bots - but check the dnl # provided access db for details on excluding localhosts... FEATURE(greet_pause', 1000')dnl 1 seconds dnl # dnl # Delay_checks allows senderrecipient checking FEATURE(delay_checks', friend', `n')dnl dnl # dnl # If we get too many bad recipients, slow things down... define(confBAD_RCPT_THROTTLE',3')dnl dnl # dnl # Stop connections that overflow our concurrent and time connection rates FEATURE(conncontrol', nodelay', `terminate')dnl FEATURE(ratecontrol', nodelay', `terminate')dnl dnl # dnl # If you're on a dialup link, you should enable this - so sendmail dnl # will not bring up the link (it will queue mail for later) dnl define(confCON_EXPENSIVE',True')dnl dnl # dnl # Dialup/LAN connection overrides dnl # include(`/etc/mail/m4/dialup.m4')dnl include(`/etc/mail/m4/provider.m4')dnl dnl LOCAL_CONFIG dnl EXPOSED_USER(root uucp)dnl # users exempt from masquerading dnl LOCAL_USER(root)dnl dnl MASQUERADE_AS(`external_smtp')dnl dnl FEATURE(`allmasquerade')dnl dnl FEATURE(`masquerade_envelope')dnl dnl FEATURE(`nullclient', local_smtp)dnl LOCAL_CONFIG ## Custom configurations below (will be preserved) define(SMART_HOST', local_smtp')dnl define(confAUTH_MECHANISMS', EXTERNAL GSSAPI DIGEST-MD5 CRAM-MD5 LOGIN PLAIN')dnl FEATURE(authinfo', hash /etc/mail/authinfo')dnl define(RELAY_MAILER_ARGS', TCP $h 25')dnl dnl # dnl # Default Mailer setup MAILER_DEFINITIONS MAILER(`local')dnl MAILER(`smtp')dnl authinfo: AuthInfo:local_smtp "U:root" "I:my_username" "P:my_password"

I both domain and Im setting up Hestia at my VPS but after I setup SMTP Relay to be at brevo. SMTP relay at Brevo (formerly Sendinblue) is a service that allows me to send emails through their servers using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP). Essentially, it acts as a middleman for sending emails from your system or application to the recipient's email server. So I can send mail to my gmail but I cant receive one from it, I'm getting an error 554 5.7.1 : Relay access denied I did the authentication for relay service for my domain, what is MTA? I'm a newbie so here is log from my machine $ tail -f -s0.1 /var/log/exim4/mainlog 2025-06-10 11:11:57 End queue run: pid=1218117 2025-06-10 11:25:51 TLS error on connection from cloud-scanner-260b560e.internet-research-project.net (masscan) [172.104.24.197] (gnutls_handshake): The TLS connection was non-properly terminated. 2025-06-10 11:41:57 Start queue run: pid=1219994 2025-06-10 11:41:57 End queue run: pid=1219994 2025-06-10 12:00:07 1uOxeB-0000000588J-2lFU myname@gmail.com R=send_via_smtp_relay T=smtp_relay_smtp H=smtp-relay.brevo.com [1.179.115.1] X=TLS1.3:ECDHE_X25519__RSA_PSS_RSAE_SHA256__AES_128_GCM:128 CV=yes A=smtp_relay_login K C="250 2.0.0 OK: queued as " 2025-06-10 12:00:07 1uOxeB-0000000588J-2lFU Completed 2025-06-10 12:11:57 Start queue run: pid=1223637 2025-06-10 12:11:57 End queue run: pid=1223637 2025-06-10 12:18:37 TLS error on connection from azpdssbc3btd.stretchoid.com [20.65.194.188] (gnutls_handshake): An unexpected TLS packet was received. Somewhere I found similar issue and one guy asked to show log with that command, which log should I post if needed then ? Here is /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf # /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf # # This is a Debian specific file dc_eximconfig_configtype='local' dc_other_hostnames='mydomain' dc_local_interfaces='127.0.0.1 ; ::1' dc_readhost='' dc_relay_domains='' dc_minimaldns='false' dc_relay_nets='' dc_smarthost='' CFILEMODE='644' dc_use_split_config='false' dc_hide_mailname='' dc_mailname_in_oh='true' dc_localdelivery='mail_spool' Here's a picture that might be useful:

I'm using ansible to scan hosts with clam antivirus and I'm receiving reports via email. Reports contain everything and I want only to receive stdout lines. Is there any way to accomplish this? I wrote email template according to https://gist.github.com/halberom/0aea275632d2b47af0536e5def01d4d2 although only thing that is not the same is that I've piped to nice json: The {{ host }} says {{ hostvars[host]['result']['stdout'] | to_nice_json }} The error I get is: > Unable to convert data using to_nice_json, falling back to to_json: 'dict object' has no attribute 'stdout'. the task includes an option with an undefined variable the error was ansible no_log:false If I remove

['stdout']

then email report looks like this: ClamAV scan was performed on host_server { "changed": true, "msg": "All items completed", "results": [ { "ansible_loop_var": "item", "changed": true, "cmd": [ "clamscan", "-r", "-i", "/usr/bin" ], "delta": "0:00:37.293719", "end": "2021-09-09 18:47:55.626094", "failed": false, "invocation": { "module_args": { "_raw_params": "clamscan -r -i /usr/bin", "_uses_shell": false, "argv": null, "chdir": null, "creates": null, "executable": null, "removes": null, "stdin": null, "stdin_add_newline": true, "strip_empty_ends": true, "warn": true } }, "item": "/usr/bin", "rc": 0, "start": "2021-09-09 18:47:18.332375", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "\n----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------\nKnown viruses: 8563204\nEngine version: 0.103.2\nScanned directories: 1\nScanned files: 701\nInfected files: 0\nData scanned: 110.08 MB\nData read: 109.50 MB (ratio 1.01:1)\nTime: 37.113 sec (0 m 37 s)\nStart Date: 2021:09:09 18:47:18\nEnd Date: 2021:09:09 18:47:55", "stdout_lines": [ "", "----------- SCAN SUMMARY -----------", "Known viruses: 8563204", "Engine version: 0.103.2", "Scanned directories: 1", "Scanned files: 701", "Infected files: 0", "Data scanned: 110.08 MB", "Data read: 109.50 MB (ratio 1.01:1)", "Time: 37.113 sec (0 m 37 s)", "Start Date: 2021:09:09 18:47:18", "End Date: 2021:09:09 18:47:55 " ] } ] } Is there a way to accomplish getting only stdout_lines in my report? I tried with grep in the shell command but failed

I seem to have run into a situation where configuring the alpine e-mail client (formerly just pine) for a specific user seems to override some configuration so that the username for the operating system account is used from within alpine to determine who the e-mail is from. Why is this happening, generally? How is the sender explicitly configured?

**Which Linux tools help to backup and restore a IMAP mail account including all mail and subfolders?** I expect disconnects for large IMAP accounts because of 1. ressource limitiations on the server 2. risk of an interruption increases with the duration. The software should be able to reconnect and continue the job after any interruption. For repeating backups it might be very handy to use incremental backups and to run the backup script in a cron job.

I am trying to set up a mailserver using OpenSMTPD. My configuration is:

listen on enp4s0f2
action "save" maildir "/mail/%{rcpt}"
match for rcpt-to regex ".*" action "save"

/mail is globally rwx. journalctl logs for when an email arrives:

Apr 28 08:06:31 greysky smtpd: info: OpenSMTPD 7.5.0-portable starting
Apr 28 08:07:00 greysky smtpd: a99185e682bda8d6 smtp connected address=209.85.218.43 host=mail-ej1-f43.google.com
Apr 28 08:07:01 greysky smtpd: a99185e682bda8d6 smtp failed-command command="RCPT TO:" result="550 Invalid recipient: "
Apr 28 08:07:01 greysky smtpd: a99185e682bda8d6 smtp disconnected reason=quit

where domain.com is the server's domain. I am using NixOS, in case that is relevant.

Is there an automatic way migrate a thunderbird mailbox to sylpheed while preserving the folder structure. I tried the importexport extension for thunderbird and got a directory with multiple mbox files and subfolder which contain again mbox file. For example inbox1 inbox2 foo.sdb foo1inbox1 foo2inbox1 foofoo.sdb foofoo1inbox1 foofoo1inbox2 foo2.sdb foo2inbox1 foo2inbox2 Sure I can import manually every single mbox file with sylpheed, but is there an automatic way to import all at once and preserve the folder structure?

For brevity I talk about PGP, but GnuPG or OpenPGP are meant as well and gpg is the OpenPGP encryption and signing tool for it. When initially establishing an email connection with someone, both parties have to exchange their public keys. If this exchange is done in person, the keys may be used right away. If they are mutually sent to each other by email, users are advised to check the **fingerprints of both public keys** by independent means rather than email. They can do so e.g. by telephone. Email is considered unsafe and a man in the middle (MIM) might intervene, replace the sent public key by another one from a key pair generated for himself on behalf of the original sender's email account. This theoretical threat works as long, as MIM is able to intervene in all future encrypted emails sent to the other side using the replaced key. Such manipulation is immediately detected after the fingerprint check. That's why users are encouraged to verify the other side's public key by checking its fingerprint. The fingerprint must not be received by the same communication means. Can this rule be relaxed, if one of the two got the other side's public key on a safe way, e.g. by 1. downloading it from a (non-compromised) https website, comparing it with the fingerprint displayed there and then using this key to send his own public key in a signed and encrypted message. Signing would prevent unnoticed manipulation of the email and encryption would safeguard MIM from knowing that the email is part of an initial key exchange. This email with attached own public key (by which any receiver could check, if it is unaltered) would be encrypted the other side's https-downloaded public key (lst's assume that the other side is the only one that has access to the corresponding private key). 2. receiving the other side's public key in a signed and encrypted email, when the sender uses the receiver's public PGP key which had been verified by the sender before (a situation which might arise when one side generates a new pair of private/public keys for himself and attaches his new public key to such a message. It might also arise for the second part of an initial key exchange when one public key was transferred according method 1. or after only one side has verified the receiver's public key). What might be the weak points of such a simplified procedure?

The maximum number of recipient for gmail is 500. **Is there any limit in the number of recipient using swaks?** swaks -t recipient1@mail.com -t recipient2@mail.com -t recipient3@mail.com [...]

Is it possible to set up system mail on a linux box to be sent via a different smtp server - maybe even with authentication? If so, how do I do this? If that's unclear, let give an example. If I'm at the command line and type: cat body.txt | mail -s "just a test" myfriend@hisdomain.com is it possible to have that be sent via an external SMTP server, like G-mail ? I'm not looking for "a way to send mail from gmail from the command line" but rather an option to configure the entire system to use a specific SMTP server, or possibly one account on an SMTP server (maybe overriding the from address).