## Scenario I have an SSD in my computer (250GiB), with both /boot and ///home partitions on it. I'd like to move that into a new M.2 NVME drive which is much larger (1TiB). The distro I'm using is Fedora 37. my /etc/fstab looks like this:

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Jun 28 05:26:41 2022
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.
#
# After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd
# units generated from this file.
#
UUID=5ed1bf26-ab2f-4e5a-ab5e-d2d56f5f3803 /                       btrfs   subvol=root,compress=zstd:1 0 0
UUID=a14f6d42-3a64-4f96-856c-51e0f4344481 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=5ed1bf26-ab2f-4e5a-ab5e-d2d56f5f3803 /home                   btrfs   subvol=home,compress=zstd:1 0 0

lsblk looks like this:

NAME   KNAME PATH       TYPE MODEL                     STATE   RO RM HOTPLUG FSTYPE FSVER LABEL                 PTTYPE PARTTYPE PARTTYPENAME PARTLABEL PARTFLAGS   SIZE FSSIZE FSAVAIL
sda    sda   /dev/sda   disk Samsung SSD 850 EVO 250GB running  0  0       0                                    dos                                              232.9G        
├─sda1 sda1  /dev/sda1  part                                    0  0       0 ext4   1.0                         dos    0x83     Linux                  0x80          1G 973.4M  608.1M
└─sda2 sda2  /dev/sda2  part                                    0  0       0 btrfs        fedora_localhost-live dos    0x83     Linux                            231.9G 231.9G  108.3G
zram0  zram0 /dev/zram0 disk                                    0  0       0                                                                                       7.5G

**Note:** both / and /home/ are subvolumes of the same partition! They're not on individual partitions as such. ## Problem How would I go about doing this, with minimal interruption to my work time? I thought I'd boot up a live distro with gparted and then move partitions over, but since there are UUIDs scattered all over my current setup, I think I might run into problems, also I'm not sure this is the preferred method. As a *bonus*, I suppose, I'd like a swap partition on my hard drive, that is larger than my current amount of RAM (8GB). Currently, I only use ZRAM, but I'd like to have a swap partition that is larger (perhaps twice in size) than my current amount of RAM, so that I can safely put my computer into hibernation. Also, more swap would be quite good for my VMs, and I'm struggling running more than around two VMs, currently. This is roughly how I think I should go about this: 1. I thought I'd clone the current layout onto my 1TB drive, however I'm not sure which tool to use would be best, leaving a large chunk of the drive empty. 2. I'd then create a swap partition towards the end of the un-allocated space. 3. And then enlarge my /dev/sda2 partition, so that I can use the entirety of my drive, etc. Please advise the order of procedure (step 0 would be to create a backup, obviously), as well as the tools I should perhaps try out, etc.

Is there an automatic way migrate a thunderbird mailbox to sylpheed while preserving the folder structure. I tried the importexport extension for thunderbird and got a directory with multiple mbox files and subfolder which contain again mbox file. For example inbox1 inbox2 foo.sdb foo1inbox1 foo2inbox1 foofoo.sdb foofoo1inbox1 foofoo1inbox2 foo2.sdb foo2inbox1 foo2inbox2 Sure I can import manually every single mbox file with sylpheed, but is there an automatic way to import all at once and preserve the folder structure?

I'm a KDE user, and When I switch Linux distributions, I don't want to copy my entire home folder, since most of the configuration files there will be created automatically when I install\run programs on the new installation. There are, however, some applications that I've put a lot of work into their configuration, and I like to hand-pick their configuration files that I want to migrate to the new installation. Now, I'm having trouble doing that with the KDE configuration itself - I can't find my way around the .kde and .kde4. I don't want to migrate the entire folder - but I need some specific settings from there. So, the question is - what do I need to do to migrate the following KDE settings: - File associations - Activities That's it. I need a way to migrate those - be it copying specific files, copying parts of files, or using a tool. Thanks in advance!

I’m looking for some guidance on expanding my Proxmox setup. Here’s my current setup and what I’m trying to achieve: Current Setup​ - I have a dedicated OVH server running Proxmox. - On this server, I have a pfSense VM that handles VPN access for employees to connect to the internal network. - The server has reached its capacity, and I need to add a new server to scale my infrastructure. What I Want to Achieve​ - Add a New Server: I want to install Proxmox on a new server and join it to the existing server to form a cluster. - VM Communication: After joining the cluster, I want VMs on the new server to be able to communicate with VMs on the old server. - Employee VPN Access: Employees should be able to access VMs on the new server via the existing pfSense VPN. Questions​ - **Cluster Setup:** Are there any specific considerations when joining the new server to the existing cluster to ensure seamless VM communication? - **pfSense and VPN:** Do I need to make any changes to pfSense (e.g., firewall rules, routing) to allow VPN access to VMs on the new server?

I'm trying to move my emails Maildir from an old CentOS server to a new Debian server. rsync -avz /home/me/Maildir ssh root@ipaddress:/var/vmail/me/Maildir I tried to copy a 8GB account, didn't work, try to move another about 20mb, didn't work, tried to use -avn, didn't work either. sync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]

Leapp upgrade of Oracle Linux 7.9 to 8.10 fails and drops in emergency mode. This happens when I select EL8 kernel in grub menu. System seems to be working normally with EL7 kernel. Systems are virtualized in VMWare. While entering into emergency mode, this message appears: Warning: /dev/disk/by-uuid/XXXXX-XXXX-XXXXX-XXXX-XXXXX does not exist I tried to use /dev/sda3 instead, but it fails with same message, only it complains about /dev/sda3 missing. leapp preupgrade generated report has no inhibitors, but what puzzles me are these two high factor messages: Risk Factor: high Title: Leapp detected loaded kernel drivers which are no longer maintained in OL 8. Summary: The following OL 7 device drivers are no longer maintained OL 8: - mptbase - mptscsih - mptspi Key: d3dc36baebfba8ca1c73bbc031f4c8fa07bcfd6f ---------------------------------------- Risk Factor: high Title: GRUB core will be updated during upgrade Summary: On legacy (BIOS) systems, GRUB core (located in the gap between the MBR and the first partition) does not get automatically updated when GRUB is upgraded. Key: baa75fad370c42fd037481909201cde9495dacf4 ---------------------------------------- I somehow suspect the three modules to be the problem. On the other hand, when I run clean OL8 instance, install the kernel-modules package and load the modules, it works. Even when I add them into /etc/modules-load.d/ so they are loaded at boot. Do you have any ideas how to fix this? Tried to unload the modules and regenerate initramfs, still fails.

I'm using pass to store my password. Passwords are stored in ~/.password-store. This has been working for 10 years, but now I have a new laptop. I'm trying to migrate the passwords by copying what I think is required, but it does not work. I copied the following directories to my new computer. - ~/.password-store - ~/.ssh - ~/.gnupg Notice that I copied .ssh to get access to my GitHub repo. It is probably not related to pass but honestly I don't know. This approach does not work and pass tells me that there is no private key. I tried to follow the “Migrating Linux Pass to a New Machine” tutorial , but I was not able to figure out what to do at:

gpg --output private.pgp --armor --export-secret-key username@example

I don't know where private.pgp is supposed to be, and I don't know what username@example is supposed to be on my computer. Alternative question: which files am I supposed to store in a safe place, in order to recover all my password in case my SDD would be irrecoverable?  I've been praying for 10 years now for my SSD to not fail, because if it does, I'll lose access to EVERYTHING.  So far I prayed strong enough.  :-)

## High Level Description ## So I currently have a convoluted ZFS setup and want to restructure it, reusing some of the existing hardware. I know that the recommended way of doing something like this is to backup all data, destroy the old pools, create the new ones and restore the data, the question is on *how* to best do this ## The Setup and Details ## My current setup consists of 3×1TB and 3×4TB drives set up in the following way Two of the 4TB drives are each formatted in one 1TB and one 3TB Partition. * media_pool is a raidz1 pool consisting of 5×1TB disks/ partitions (-> 4TB Avaiable, 3.26TB used) * three_t_pool is a mirror consisting of the 2 3TB partitions (-> 3TB Avaiable, 1.93TB used) * non_redundant is a pool just consisting of one 4TB drive (1.07TB used) Each of those pools has exactly one encrypted dataset spanning the entire pool. media_pool/media_encrypted, three_t_pool/backups, and non_redundant/nr_encrypted. ---------- My future setup will retire the 1TB drives and add a 12TB drive as follows: * media_and_backups a raidz1 pool consisting of the 3 4TB drives and a 4TB partition of the 12TB drive ((4-1)×4TB = 12TB avaiable) * non_redundant_foo the remaining 8TB of the big drive. And encrypted datasets media_and_backups/media_encrypted, media_and_backups/backups, and non_redundant_foo/nr_encrypted. (Although keeping the media and backup datasets separate is not a must if this would complicate things) ---------- Now my migration process would probably look like this (With all 7 drives connected to the same machine): * Format the 12TB drive in the desired 4 and 8TB partitions * backup the data of the exiting pools/datasets to the 8TB partition * destroy the old three pools, create the media_and_backups pool and corresponding datasets (media_and_backups/media_encrypted, media_and_backups/backups), restore them from backup * [Optionally even move the nr_encrypted data to media_and_backups, destroy the filesystem on the 8TB partition create a new pool there and restore the nr_encrypted dataset to there] But like I mentioned above the part where I'm unsure about is the backup and restore progress * One naïve method I can think of is to just use rsync, create a folder for each dataset, sync-in all the data, create the pools and datasets I desire and rsync back to those. * One obvious disadvantage would be that the data would be decrypted on backup and reencrypted on restore * It just feels *wrong* how would I for example recognize in-transfer data corruption * zfs send and zfs receive seems to be the way to go. But... how would I actually do that? * I read the answer to https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/680235/zfs-send-recv-full-snapshot but there are some key differences between my setup and theirs: * They directly create the new pool on the new server I want to first store the backup and then later restore it on the same server * I have three datasets from three different pools i want to store on the same pool * Also there's the thing about the available storage: the 8TB (= 7.28TiB) should be enough to hold the 3.26+1.93+1.07=6.26TiB of used data, but of course a 8TB pool would not be able to host 4+3+4TB worth of datasets * So I think I should zfs send the current datasets into one big file each (or somehow split those into blocks) on the 8TB pool, then when that's done destroy the old pools and create the new ones and zfs recv from the files to the pools Is this the best way of doing this, or is there a better/ recommened way? Or any best practicies for using zfs send/ zfs receive. If I do it this way are there any caveats to watch out for?

I am trying to transform /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root from xfs to ext4 using fstransform on my CentOS 7 VM. This is needed for a migration from another Centos 7 VM. The issue I am facing is the root filesystem type does not match between the VMs. mount shows /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root as the mounted root directory: /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota) The transformation fails with fsmove: ERROR: failed to remove source directory '//boot': Device or resource busy. Some other maybe helpful info:

ls -l /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Aug 30 14:19 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root -> ../dm-0
ls -l /dev/dm-0
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 253, 0 Aug 30 14:19 /dev/dm-0

Assume I have two Debian 11 systems. System A with custom application setup. etc. And a vanilla system B. Now I would like to transfer the whole setup from A to B. I found some links, where users tried to transfer the whole root tree or clone their system to another drive. The main effort in this solutions are to re-install grub and adjust some crucial configuration files like fstab. Can I just exclude those directories, which contain crucial configurations files like /boot and /etc/fstab from copy/tar? Or is there a tool that allows me make a backup of system A and create a boot able usb pen drive using this backup?

I am stuck here and can not find information about migrating Windows and Linux/Unix vm's to KVM. Doing it with zfs is inefficient, because it will transfer the whole disk space, which can be more than 200GB. Making a copy of the directories in Linux/Unix machines kind of worked, but I don't think that's the right way. cp -R /etc cp -R /home/user And send those copies to the KVM machine. For the Linux part was basically that. I needed mainly installed services and their configs. If there is a way to copy the entire VM and spin it up on KVM good, I am open. Creating a backup of Windows Server does not work also, because it creates vhdx files and converting them to qcow2 seems to break them, or I just don't do it right. I use the Backup service and add the whole system backup zip to a network share. Basically that's it and I am stuck how it can but used to spin up new Windows VM on KVM. Can someone give me guidance here?

I know that it can, in some circumstances, be difficult to move a Windows installation from one computer to another (physically move the hard drive), but how does that work on Linux? Aren't most of the driver modules loaded at bootup? So theoretically would it be that much of a hassle? Obviously, xorg configs would change and proprietary ATI drivers and such would have to be recompiled (maybe?). Is there more to it than I'm thinking of? Assume the two computers are from the same era, e.g. both i7s but slightly different hardware. Update: Thanks for the answers. This is mostly for my own curiosity. I have my Linux system up and running at work, but eventually I'd like to move to a computer that I can get dual video cards into so I can run more than two monitors. But not any time soon.

I have 2 AWS EC2 instances with RHEL 6 and 8 respectively. I followed [this procedure](https://access.redhat.com/solutions/179753) to migrate all the users from the oldest server to the new one. In the process I had to delete some lines from all the .bak files created from the procedure (because they would conflict with default existing users on the new server). Another thing I had to do was changing the UID and GID for the ssm-user and ec2-user on the new server, since they conflicted with existing users on the old server and I was afraid on making changes on the old one and risk damaging something. After all of this I rebooted the new server but couldn't access it from SSH anymore. After many tries the only difference I've found is that 22 port seems to be not open. Results of the lsof command can be seen below Server before migrating users

# lsof -i -P -n
COMMAND     PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
chronyd     719 chrony    6u  IPv4  20809      0t0  UDP 127.0.0.1:323
chronyd     719 chrony    7u  IPv6  20810      0t0  UDP [::1]:323
NetworkMa   766   root   27u  IPv4  22927      0t0  UDP :68->>67
ssm-agent  1302   root   10u  IPv4  51028      0t0  TCP :41646->>443 (ESTABLISHED)
ssm-agent  1302   root   15u  IPv4  28155      0t0  TCP :47220->>443 (ESTABLISHED)
sshd      10532   root    5u  IPv4  48231      0t0  TCP *:22 (LISTEN)
sshd      10532   root    7u  IPv6  48233      0t0  TCP *:22 (LISTEN)

Server after migrating users

# lsof -i -P -n
COMMAND    PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
chronyd    717 chrony    6u  IPv4  20118      0t0  UDP 127.0.0.1:323
chronyd    717 chrony    7u  IPv6  20119      0t0  UDP [::1]:323
NetworkMa  764   root   27u  IPv4  22164      0t0  UDP :68->>67
ssm-agent 1324   root   10u  IPv4  29098      0t0  TCP :36630->>443 (ESTABLISHED)
ssm-agent 1324   root   15u  IPv4  27154      0t0  TCP :58756->>443 (ESTABLISHED)
ssm-sessi 1449   root   16u  IPv4  27463      0t0  TCP :33702->>443 (ESTABLISHED)

I'm accessing the servers without a key and I need to repeat this process at least on 8 more servers, so I would like how to solve this and how to avoid it when repeating the process on another server.

I am thinking of switching to Debian from Ubuntu, for various reasons, moving towards a more free software supporting system being one of them. (GNU.org mentions that we can choose to keep Debian completely free if we want, by not including the nonfree repositories.) Apart from the installation (which I should be able to manage since I've grown pretty comfortable with reading manuals and using the terminal), I have one major concern: my internet connection is weak, in terms of both bandwidth and usage limit. Thus, it would be inconvenient if I had to identify all the packages that I'm currently used to using and have set up on Ubuntu (such as Python3, python-pip packages, GNU Octave and its data, and basically every other package I've installed off the internet using apt), and download and install them all over again. What I mean to ask is, is there any neat way of doing this? Is it possible, first of all, to take my packages from one system to another, with data? I'm specifically asking because Ubuntu is Debian-based. If it is not possible, I am willing to download the packages (sure, it would take a long time, but I would have to do it). But in that case, once I have the packages set up on Debian, can I move just the data across the two systems? Even that would be really convenient.

I recently bought a new laptop and I would like to migrate to it with as little hassle as possible. I don't want to do a fresh install since I have made various tweaks to my current setup for things like automounting remote drives from my NAS, configuring networking etc. that I would prefer not to have to redo. My current thinking is that I can just dump the contents of my hard drive to a file, then cat that file onto the new drive. The general idea will be: 1. On the old computer, cat the drive into a file on an external USB disk and (as root):

# cat /dev/sda > /mnt/externalUsb/sda.img

2. I then boot into a live system on the new computer, connect the external drive and (as root):

# cat /mnt/externalUsb/sda.img | sudo tee /dev/sda

3. Shut down the live session, reboot the machine and, I hope, find myself in a working system which is a perfect clone of my old machine. Or, perhaps more realistically, something like: 1. Create the partitions I want on the new machine, making sure they are larger than the equivalent ones on my old machine. 2. On the old computer, cat the partitions into files on an external USB disk (as root):

for i in 5 6; do cat /dev/sda"$i" > /mnt/externalUsb/sda"$i".img; done

3. On the new machine, after making sure the numbers are the same or modifying the command accordingly:

for i in 5 6; do cat /mnt/externalUsb/sda"$i".img; > /dev/sda"$i"; done

Some relevant notes: * The hardware of the old and new machines is relatively similar as I will be moving from a ThinkPad T460P to a ThinkPad P14s Gen 2 . * The new machine has a 1TB hard drive but the old one is only 512G. * I am using Arch, dual booted with a Windows 10. I am not particularly bothered about keeping the Windows install. My current machine's disk setup:

$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA SAMSUNG MZ7LN512 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 512GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name                          Flags
 1      1049kB  274MB   273MB   fat32           EFI system partition          boot, hidden, esp
 2      274MB   290MB   16.8MB                  Microsoft reserved partition  msftres
 3      290MB   86.4GB  86.1GB  ntfs            Basic data partition          msftdata
 5      86.4GB  136GB   50.0GB  ext4
 6      136GB   437GB   301GB   ext4
 9      437GB   485GB   47.3GB  ntfs                                          msftdata
 8      485GB   495GB   10.5GB  ext4
 7      495GB   511GB   16.1GB  linux-swap(v1)                                swap
 4      511GB   512GB   1049MB  ntfs            Basic data partition          hidden, diag

I am expecting the kernel to detect the new/different hardware the first time it boots and sort it out for me automatically. Am I missing something obvious here? Any specific problems I might encounter? The new drive is larger, so that shouldn't be a problem, right? I have an ecryptfs-encrypted directory (two of them, actually), am I right in assuming that won't be an issue? Will I need to do anything special to handle the EFI system partition perhaps? ----- I accepted MC68020's helpful answer, but I ended up taking a different approach: I booted a live system, created the root and /home partitions and then just copied all my files over using rsync as described in the Arch Wiki . I managed to boot the "new" system, but it still needs some tweaks, notably for the graphics driver. This isn't an approach to be taken if you don't know your way around Linux and enjoy tinkering. Of course, if you don't enjoy it, it's unlikely you'll be using Arch.

I am trying to mount my entire docker debian container into /home/admin/main directory of my vps as a backup and migration solution but I get an error. *Command Used*

sudo docker run -ditv /home/admin/main:/ debian /bin/bash

*Error Received*

docker: Error response from daemon: invalid volume specification: '/home/admin/main:/': invalid mount config for type "bind": invalid specification: destination can't be '/'.  See 'docker run --help'.

Thanks for your help in advance

I like to Categorize or Divide one Debian VPS for different Tasks and Testing. For Example two Apache Web Servers with no any connection between both. Something like installing apache2 web server only to user A and the user B can't even watch or check the user A apache webserver without access while user B can run a seperate apache server. The purpose for this is in case I want to migrate user A Web Server and Configurations to new seperate vps without any hindrance to user B data, databases and configuration, securely. I think my requirements are clear. Eventhough, I just said I want divide maintain migrate user seperately, I don't how to do any of them. I am just new to linux and I think I can get a detailed answer on my question. Thanks in Advance

I have quite some scripts that are still using the apt-key adv command. And I know this command is deprecated. And soon becoming unable to use. Correct me if I'm wrong, but Debian 11 is the last Debian version supporting apt-key. I also know we need to migrate to fetching the .asc file directly and put the file into the /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ folder. How do I convert from the command below to a wget of this .asc file? Where can I find the .asc files I need? Are those .asc files even provided by Linux Mint / X2Go or other repos? The command I use for downloading keys at the moment is: First example: apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com A6616109451BBBF2 Second example: apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com E1F958385BFE2B6E How do I retrieve the .asc (or .gpg) files from those repos?

I've been using linux full time for about 8 years. Now and then I help someone else migrate from windows to linux. Because I don't often use windows, I often find myself forgetting some of the differences between the operating systems. I would like a guide that I can give to such users, to help them get more comfortable with using linux. The guide should include things like the drive mounting systems (C:\bar\ vs. /foo/bar/), and software installation. There are lots of guides out there called "migrating/moving from windows to linux" or similar, but nearly all of them seem to be full of linux propaganda, or installation instructions. That's fine for other purposes, but I want a guide for someone who has already decided to move, (e.g. because they like the concept of open source), and for whom the system has already been installed. So a post-install "I've moved from windows to linux, now what?" kind of guide that covers *practical* differences (i.e. not philosophical or highly technical) that an average windows user (Someone who uses a computer for websurfing, document editing, movie watching, game playing, etc.) might encounter. Do any such guides exist?

Due to a machine crash, I need to move my mail server to another host. This includes user IMAP, but as the old server is not accessible I can't just drag and drop in an imap client application like Thunderbird. Rather, I have the old hard drive, and am trying to move the file structure to the new /home partition. I have not yet had success. I have copied (cp -pr) the old file structure wholesale onto the new server/drive. However, the imap client isn't recognizing the old folder structure or the old messages anywhere but the inbox. The file structure has a '~mail' directory under ~home, and in that are the folders containing the email. What do I need to copy, and where, to ensure that the users can access their imap data on the new server? Running CentOS 8 with Sendmail and Dovecot. [spamtrap_003@davinci ~mail]$ ls -la total 90496 drwxr-xr-x. 4 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 4096 Dec 8 14:05 . drwx------. 6 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 213 Dec 8 11:46 .. -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 562 Apr 5 2013 Carolingia -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 620 Jun 8 2014 'Deleted Messages' -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 580 Dec 8 14:05 dovecot.list.index.log -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 24 Dec 8 14:05 dovecot.mailbox.log -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 8 Dec 8 14:05 dovecot-uidvalidity -r--r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 0 Dec 8 14:05 dovecot-uidvalidity.61b101e2 -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 6672436 May 25 2021 Drafts -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 6902202 May 24 2021 Fitbit -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 639800 Dec 8 12:45 ham drwxrwxrwx. 20 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 4096 Dec 8 14:06 .imap -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 149895 Nov 20 2014 PSL.iPad -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 28823 Jan 21 2013 Rayburn -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 195356 Sep 10 2014 RenStore -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 6245982 May 25 2021 Sent -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 45228 Oct 12 2015 'Sent Messages' -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 71725052 Aug 17 08:51 spam -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 102 Apr 9 2021 .subscriptions -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 11 Dec 8 14:05 subscriptions drwxr-xr-x. 6 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 121 Dec 8 14:06 .Trash -rwxrwxrwx. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 603 Apr 13 2021 Trash The .imap subdirectory shows as follows: [spamtrap_003@davinci .imap]$ ls -la total 28 drwxrwxrwx. 20 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 4096 Dec 8 14:06 . drwxr-xr-x. 4 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 4096 Dec 8 14:05 .. drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Mar 26 2019 Carolingia drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 6 Dec 8 14:05 cur drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Mar 26 2019 'Deleted Messages' -rw-rw-rw-. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 40 Dec 8 14:05 dovecot.index.log -rw-rw-rw-. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 3748 Dec 8 14:06 dovecot.list.index.log -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 24 Apr 9 2021 dovecot.mailbox.log -rw-rw-rw-. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 51 Dec 8 14:05 dovecot-uidlist -rw-r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 8 Apr 9 2021 dovecot-uidvalidity -r--r--r--. 1 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 0 Apr 9 2021 dovecot-uidvalidity.607089eb drwxr-xr-x. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 31 Dec 8 14:06 dovecot-uidvalidity.61b101e2 drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 May 3 2021 Drafts drwxr-xr-x. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 58 Apr 9 2021 Fitbit drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Apr 11 2021 ham drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Aug 25 17:08 INBOX drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 6 Dec 8 14:05 new drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Mar 26 2019 PSL.iPad drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Mar 26 2019 Rayburn drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Mar 26 2019 RenStore drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Aug 26 08:11 Sent drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Mar 26 2019 'Sent Messages' drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Aug 17 08:40 spam drwxr-xr-x. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 31 Dec 8 14:06 subscriptions drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 6 Dec 8 14:05 tmp drwxrwxrwx. 2 spamtrap_003 spamtrap_003 79 Jul 5 22:30 Trash Could it be the *permissions* on the Dovecot index files? The old and new both use Dovecot. I don't have the version for the old one; when it was running it had CentOS 7, fairly well updated. The new one is 2.3.8. The configuration for storage and mail folder type should be the same: {mail_location = mbox:~/~mail:INBOX=/var/spool/mail/%u} The new and old users are not necessarily the same (UID and GID), though the names match. I have, for one box, changed the owner for all files in and under $HOME/~mail to be owned by that user, to no avail. EDIT 13Dec21: I have determined that it is NOT a permissions/ownership problem. I was able to create a new folder via my imap client (Thunderbird), and it showed properly. I then examined the ownership and permissions of the created files and directories and duplicated them in an existing folder. This did not work; the folder still wouldn't show. Next is examining and possibly doing surgery to the actual dovecot index files that are created, since clearly it's not like I'm going to lose anything more. But wait. there's more. After collapsing and reopening the account's folder tree in Thunderbird, the new folder is no longer visible. Needless to say, neither are any old ones. I cannot discern why one account shows properly and the rest don't.