I'm getting back into Linux and am running Kubuntu 21.10, and I want to make a proper full backup of the system now that I've configured it how I like. This is the command I used to create a backup on a separate drive: sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} "/media/backuppath/" This is what my partitions look like for the drive I want to back up: /dev/sda1 fat32 /boot/efi (primary) /dev/sda2 extended /dev/sda5 ext4 / I am new to rsync, so it would be helpful to know if this backup command will take care of everything to restore an exact system backup: system settings, installed programs, etc. More importantly, what do I need to run to restore this if the time ever comes?

I wonder if ~/.local/share contain real user data or if it only contain session-related data and binary generated stuffs. I also wonder if I can include it in an --ignore statement with [BorgBackup](https://www.borgbackup.org/) cause it really seams to not contain data or config files. Just some kind of cache. So can I just ignore this directory and expect a pretty good recovery, or could it contain some real user-related data?

**Which Linux tools help to backup and restore a IMAP mail account including all mail and subfolders?** I expect disconnects for large IMAP accounts because of 1. ressource limitiations on the server 2. risk of an interruption increases with the duration. The software should be able to reconnect and continue the job after any interruption. For repeating backups it might be very handy to use incremental backups and to run the backup script in a cron job.

Whenever multiple users are interacting with a Nextcloud installation, there is a possibility of error. Potentially, a family member may delete an old picture or a co-worker might accidentally tick off a task or calendar event, resulting in issues for other users. When full filesystem snapshots or backups of the whole Nextcloud directory are available, they can be used to restore an old state of the entire server. This is fine in case of a complete system crash. However, it becomes an issue if the problem is only noticed after a while and in the mean time, users have modified other data. Then, a choice must be made between rescuing old data and destroying all progress or keeping the current state. The Nextcloud documentation only describes a way to restore the entire installation. Is there a way to more intelligently back up all Nextcloud data automatically (files, messages, calendars, tasks, etc.) so that it can be restored independently? (Maybe even in an online state?)

I have done one (whole disk, including home folder, even root folder) timeshift snapshot yesterday quickly, expecting an SSD failure soon. Well I did not expect it so soon, it happened today, SSD unresponsive. Is it please possible to somehow copy or rsync or whatever,.. the old home folder with keeping the original dates? If so, how? Thank you kindly in any case, not answering comments of type "timeshift is not backup" because I did not have time for a full disk image backup yesterday, and it happened so quick :(( Thanks again. I will review answers in the morning. Comments section: @1.Kusalananda: timeshift-gtk is a part of Linux Mint for ages, but I believe timeshift command-line is available to other distros without the GTK frontend. I honestly do not know the inner workings of it. And sadly I myself never used rsync at all on my own. Additionaly, I made a screenshot of one folder in the timeshifted "backup" - it has its original date: @2.ChrisDavies:

alias ls='\ls --color=auto --group-directories-first --time-style=+'\''%Y-%b-%d'\'''
alias ll='ls -lhk'

vlastimil@dell-7577:/media/vlastimil/Seagate_5TB_Ext4/timeshift/snapshots/2024-08-27_09-12-32/localhost/home/vlastimil$ ll
total 1,4G
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  8-ball
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jan-24  adamek
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Feb-15  ads-google--overeni
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  alza-ram--jirka
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jan-30  alza-reklamace-hdd
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  ancestry
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Mar-27  android-vykonny-rezim
drwxr-xr-x  8 root      root       4,0K 2024-Jul-08  apache2
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Sep-12  arbitr
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  asus--eye-care-plus--monitor
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-14  audioknihy
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Nov-05  aukro-obtezovani
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Nov-01  aukro-prodej
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  aukro-ramecek
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  bazos-autobaterie
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-10  bmnet.cz--isp
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-04  burdik-oblekovice
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jun-11  burian.work
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jul-29  centropol
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-May-01  chrome-remote-desktop
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  ClamAV
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Jun-21  cleanity-pro
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Jan-06  coi--icell
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Mar-10  corsair-flashky
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Jun-07  covid-samotesty
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-May-03  cs-george-otec
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Oct-07  csharp-codepage
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Feb-12 'czc-ssd-reklamace Patriot Burst Elite 120GB'
drwxrwxr-x 18 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-26  Data
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-19  datahelp-eko-likvidace-hdd
drwxrwxrwx  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-10  ddrescue-logs
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  dell-NTB
drwxr-xr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-29  Desktop
drwxr-xr-x  9 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Jan-17  Development
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Feb-08  disks-backup
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Feb-19  disky
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-25  DMARC
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  DNS
drwxr-xr-x 33 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-26  Documents
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-28  donio
drwxrwxr-x 11 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jul-19  donio-platby
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  Dopamine-Forerunners-remix
drwxr-xr-x 31 vlastimil vlastimil   12K 2024-Aug-26  Downloads
drwxrwxrwx  7 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2019-Mar-30  DPFO_2018
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Mar-18  DPFO_2019
drwxrwxr-x 15 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Mar-21  DPFO_2022
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Apr-25  DPFO_2023
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-30  DPFO_2023_podklady
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  easydmarc-analysis
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-24 'EEE (Energy Efficient Ethernet)'
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Apr-24  elektrina-2023
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jun-20  encefalitida-ockovani
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-13  fakturaonline-cz
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-11  fcb-servis-spam-recenze
drwx---rwx  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Mar-18  FiraxisLive
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2019-Oct-15  flash-32
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil   12K 2024-Aug-03  FoE
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-24  generali-cp--mamka
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Oct-19  github_images
drwx------  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Jun-27  GPUCache
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  hdd-datahelp--vykup
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  hedepy
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  hello-bank
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-26  hesla
drwxr-xr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jul-05  honza
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jul-27  honza-ext-8tb
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jan-08  honza-mys-czc
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  icmp6
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-26  invalidni-duchod
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-22  iptables
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-May-30  kania.info
drwxrwxr-x  6 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-18  kontrola-zivnosti
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Nov-12  krbylevne-ancona
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jan-12  krizovky-mail-spam
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-May-06  kucinovi-ps4pro
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Sep-14  kulecnik-z-fcb
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  lekarske-zpravy
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Oct-09  lida-pohreb
drwxr-xr-x  6 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2019-Nov-17  mailboxes
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-May-31  mailvelope
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Jan-25  mall--flashka--podvod
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-May-04  mamka-duchod
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-07  mamka-lenovo
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  mamka-OP
drwxr-xr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  mdisc
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  mikrovlnka
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2019-Oct-25  MissYou
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  moje-videa
drwxr-xr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  moje-videa2
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  moneta-vypisy
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-19  monitory-prodej
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Oct-05  Mutumutu
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jan-31  naturamed
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Jun-07  nod32
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  novy-OP
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jun-13  o2-300kc-sleva
drwxrwxrwx  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-23  o2-pods
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-25  o2-pods--sluchatka
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Jul-20  odkazy
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  odklad-splatek-2024
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-22  odorik
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-May-01  office2021
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Mar-07  openssl-enc
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Jun-08  openwrt-ipv6
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-23  osobni-skore
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-20  pes
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jun-26  pic-kulecnik
drwxr-xr-x 32 vlastimil vlastimil   12K 2024-Jul-10  Pictures
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  pigz
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jul-10  ping-test--2024-jul-10
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Mar-23  pracka-romo
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-22  preneseni-win10
drwxrwxr-x 10 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-13  programyburian.cz
drwxrwxr-x  5 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-04  proton
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jul-03  ps4-pro
drwxr-xr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Aug-25  PycharmProjects
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jul-20  Questions_and_Answers
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  raspberry
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Feb-18  reallysimple-ssl
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Mar-23  recuva
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-23  redshift
drwxrwxr-x  6 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Apr-25  routery
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-14  samoodecet-elektriny
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  sencor-vysavac--reklamace-mall
drwxrwxr-x  9 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-22  servispc-burian
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jan-03  seznam-firma
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  skylink
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-30  slavia-pojistka
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Feb-27  smaty-sd-karta-rekl
drwx------  6 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jul-04  snap
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  ssd-lexar
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jun-24  ssd-prodej
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Dec-10  ssd-vadny
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jul-14  switch-prodej
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jun-02  SynologySync
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-May-15  szn-profi
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Mar-27  tago
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-24  tar-hidden-test
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Sep-29  telefon-novy
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Jun-20  tgi
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Sep-16  timeshift-archives
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2020-Aug-14  tmp
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-26  torrent-uploads
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jun-15  touchpad-navrkalova
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Feb-14  ubuntu-pro
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-03  uniqa-vypoved
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-05  unix_and_linux
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jan-27  vadny-hdd-mironet
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  vim-syntax-sh
drwxrwxr-x  3 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-26  virtualbox-vms
drwxrwxr-x 10 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Dec-13  vlastimilburian.cz
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Sep-01  Vodafone
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jun-17  vorwerk-vk135
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Aug-22  vydaje-2024
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Mar-22  vypadek-elektriky
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jan-11  vysoke-energie
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-26  vzp--ochranny-limit
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  Win11-burnISO
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  wobenzym
drwxrwxr-x  4 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2024-Apr-08  work
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2021-Oct-17  wpa3-vs-wpa2
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2023-Jan-15  xiaomi-redmi
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Jun-20  zonky-ja-2022
drwxrwxr-x  2 vlastimil vlastimil  4,0K 2022-Jun-18  zonky-otec
-rw-r--r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   42M 2019-Jul-24  0-interni-data_2019-03-30.tar.xz.enc
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  190K 2020-Nov-29  100fp-for-50k.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   50K 2020-Nov-23  100fps-ad-price16k.jpg
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  1,2M 2021-Jun-01  100k-fragmentu-hdd.jpg
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  351K 2020-Feb-19  122132448Z.pdf
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  445K 2020-Mar-12  2019-nCoV-CDC-23312_without_background.jpg
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  1,6M 2021-Aug-08  2021-08-08_12-42.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  114K 2021-Aug-17  2021-08-17_18-23.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  343K 2021-Sep-09  2021-09-09_15-57.png
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-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   27K 2024-Mar-17  2024-03-17_21-15.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   40K 2021-Jun-25  21546815.pdf
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  182K 2023-Nov-02  249149001_10224307496493712_9126985411795083171_n.jpg
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   65K 2020-Jul-30  256color_chart.svg
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  261K 2020-Dec-08  2k-fps-in-stash.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   40K 2022-Sep-30  37_year_old_birthday_cake_postcard.jpg
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-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   863 2023-Jul-05  486--fcb--popis
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  361K 2023-Oct-24  489990480.pdf
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  189K 2020-Oct-25  4k-brave-playback--HW.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   93K 2024-Feb-21  4tis-monca--vysmech.jpg
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   39K 2023-Jul-18  5-hvezdickova-recenze.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   29K 2022-Oct-23  5_odpoved23-10_spotrebitele-na-vyjadreni-TGI-advokatem-dorucene19-10-2022.pdf
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  117K 2019-May-27  6190127671.pdf
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   16K 2024-Jun-24  8TB-.png
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil   340 2019-Apr-16  90percent-thread
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil  2,0M 2023-Aug-07  A-Brief-History-of-Time.pdf
-rw-rw-r--  1 vlastimil vlastimil    58 2021-Jan-02  acer-adapter-rozmery
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I want to create backups of my running KVM VMs using virsh (qcow2). The VMs don't have snapshots, but in order to create a clean backup I want to create a snapshot, back up the backing file then discard (merge back to running file) the snapshot. Most importantly, I need to be able to restore these, too. What I *don't* want is to suspend or stop the VM at any point during backup except for the instant during the creation and removal of the snapshot. So far I have the following. ### BACKUP

# virsh snapshot-create-as VM_NAME SNAPSHOT_NAME --disk-only --quiesce 
# virsh dumpxml VM_NAME > /VM_NAME.xml

// do backup like rsync, ftp, cp, etc. of the VM_NAME.img and VM_NAME.xml

# virsh snapshot-delete VM_NAME SNAPSHOT_NAME

### RESTORE

// assuming the VM is shut down or deleted, copy VM_NAME.img to the desired folder
// ensure xml file has correct path to VM_NAME.img

# virsh define /VM_NAME.xml

Is this about right?

After re-installing a Linux machine, I inadvertently ran wipefs -a on the installer pendrive:

$ wipefs -a /dev/sd?
/dev/sda: 8 bytes were erased at offset 0x00010040 (btrfs): 5f 42 48 52 66 53 5f 4d
/dev/sdb: 8 bytes were erased at offset 0x00010040 (btrfs): 5f 42 48 52 66 53 5f 4d
...
/dev/sdw: 8 bytes were erased at offset 0x00010040 (btrfs): 5f 42 48 52 66 53 5f 4d
/dev/sdx: 8 bytes were erased at offset 0x00010040 (btrfs): 5f 42 48 52 66 53 5f 4d
/dev/sdy: 5 bytes were erased at offset 0x00008001 (iso9660): 43 44 30 30 31
/dev/sdy: 2 bytes were erased at offset 0x000001fe (dos): 55 aa
/dev/sdy: 8 bytes were erased at offset 0x00000200 (gpt): 45 46 49 20 50 41 52 54
/dev/sdy: calling ioctl to re-read partition table: Success

As wipefs output contains the offset and the content of the deleted bytes, it seems possible to restore /dev/sdy. How would you do it?

Good afternoon, I'm asking for help in recovering damaged metadata after a 220V drop on the server, when the power was restored and the server booted up, I got an error in the Proxmox panel activating LV 'pve/data' failed: Check of pool pve/data failed (status:1). Manual repair required! (500) then booted from LiveCD debian mounted corrupted metadata and tried to repair root@debian:/home/user# lvchange -ay /dev/pve/data_tdata Do you want to activate component LV in read-only mode? [y/n]: y Allowing activation of component LV. root@debian:/home/user# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert vm-102-disk-0 local-hdd-volume1-pve1 -wi-a----- 50.00g vm-103-disk-0 local-hdd-volume1-pve1 -wi-a----- 250.00g vm-104-disk-0 local-hdd-volume1-pve1 -wi-a----- 150.00g vm-108-disk-0 local-hdd-volume1-pve1 -wi-a----- 20.00g vm-109-disk-0 local-hdd-volume1-pve1 -wi-a----- 160.00g vm-110-disk-0 local-hdd-volume1-pve1 -wi-a----- 20.00g base-101-disk-0 pve Vri---tz-k 20.00g data base-105-disk-0 pve Vri---tz-k 15.00g data data pve twi---tz-- ../dm-2 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 29 17:35 pve-root -> ../dm-1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Mar 29 17:35 pve-swap -> ../dm-0 root@debian:/home/user# thin_dump --repair /dev/mapper/pve-data_tdata > repaired.xml The following field needs to be provided on the command line due to corruption in the superblock: transaction id root@debian:/home/user# thin_check /dev/mapper/pve-data_tdata examining superblock superblock is corrupt bad checksum in superblock, wanted 2018675394 however, I don’t know how to specify the transaction id and, most importantly, what id - where to find it

How to take a full backup and restore of Docker Desktop. I see that there is a way to save the Docker image as a tar file in the local filesystem. I was looking to dump all the current images into one single tar file as a backup for the current status of the docker desktop To save a docker image

% docker save image-name | gzip > image-name.tar.gz

I am not aware how to restore it, again this is only one image I have almost ~30 odd images, can I take a backup in a single file

I recently re-installed my host OS to Mint 19 64 bit, and am now trying to get all of my external drives back online. I had a ZFS storage pool made up of 4 x 1 TB disks, and set them to allow 1 drive to fail without losing data in my pool. Now, I want to get that Storage pool back up and running. My pool is simply called ZStore. How can I get the drives and pool back up and accessible in my Linux system? **EDIT**: I did the following:

# sudo zpool import
   pool: ZStore1
     id: 6113527918687515983
  state: ONLINE
 status: Some supported features are not enabled on the pool.
 action: The pool can be imported using its name or numeric identifier, though
	some features will not be available without an explicit 'zpool upgrade'.
 config:

	ZStore1                                          ONLINE
	  raidz1-0                                       ONLINE
	    usb-WDC_WD75_02ABYS-18A6B0_152D00539000-0:0  ONLINE
	    usb-WDC_WD75_02ABYS-18A6B0_152D00539000-0:1  ONLINE
	    usb-WDC_WD75_02ABYS-18A6B0_152D00539000-0:2  ONLINE
	    usb-WDC_WD75_02ABYS-18A6B0_152D00539000-0:3  ONLINE

But when I try zpool status or sudo zpool status I get

no pools available

Not sure what's going on. The pool shows online when I import, and all drives show online, but not getting anything with status check. tried

$ zpool online

then

$ zpool online ZStore1

then get missing device name, so I'm at a loss - again.

My system is seated on 2 Disks: /dev/nvme0n1p2 239152936 88597432 138334364 40% / /dev/nvme0n1p1 101158 4914 96244 5% /boot/efi /dev/sda2 927306756 520268880 359859552 60% /home Can i proceed like shown in https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/598470/clonezilla-restoring-to-a-different-partition to get my clonezilla mage save on the other Computer, which has only one (suitable partitoned) Harddisk or do i have to perform some more steps before or after these steps? Regards Rainer

ok so I made a backup using the program "Kbackup" on my kali linux. it created a .tar archive and for the life of me i cant figure out how to restore it using kbackup because it says it can but even the documentation doesnt explain how. it does say that it automatically restores the files from each part of the directory i backed up to their original locations, (for example, everything under /etc gets restored to /etc and /opt files to /opt, etc. etc.) this is the link to the documentation : https://kbackup.sourceforge.net/manual/node45.html and a Screenshot of the page i mentioned any advice would be appreciated. im not sure if i shoudl just restore the backup with tar or kbackup. would tar put everything where it goes? update: ok so here are the steps i follow for making a backup using the kbackup program and where im stuck first i open kbackup and use the GUI on the left hand side is all the files in my directory, i selected the ones i wanted to backup, then on the right hand side you select the location for the backup to be saved, in this case i used my external usb thumb drive then you start backup and it will eventually complete. when it does it leaves me with a .tar folder compressed in the location i saved it. the output for the cli version of the program doesnt even mention restoring at all.

It seems that usually it is talked about snapshots as read-only. (In a scenario where [one creates a snapshot, then does some experiments with the main volume, and then restores the old state](https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/18913/4319) by ["merging" the snapshot into the main volume](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/18913/how-to-create-a-read-only-snapshot-in-lvm-and-then-rollback-to-it-after-some-wor/18914#18914).) Is an alternative scenario possible in LVM? I.e., where one doesn't even want the temporary experiments to be visible in the main volume, so one creates a "temporary" snapshot, makes it writable, does the experiments there, in that "branch", and then discards the snapshot (or perhaps merges it if one is satisfied with the results)? And if writable snapshots are possible in LVM, then what happens when merging a modified snapshot into the main volume which also has had some different modifications? (BTW, [btrfs snapshots seem to be writable by default](https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/18912/4319) , so this scenario seems to be well possible in btrfs.)

Context : - Debian 12 system recovery trial after a btrfs file system corruption (roots tree) with no backup but access to all(?) the files. I made a copy of the system after the corruption, everything looks right. I made a fresh install of Debian 12. From here, I have rsynced the system, except /etc . For this last one, I have rsynced only missing files. - Now, I have to update smartly /etc. I want to use tools like meld to make it easier. But it does not work as root. So I made copies of previous and new /etc and chown -R user:user both from a LIVE DVD. When my new etc is updated, I want to restore files/directories ownership before replacing the whole /etc of the new install. The subject here is not my system restoration, but file ownership restoration from a copy of the tree that has the same files and right ownerships. ls -l provides ownership but not full paths. find provides full paths but not ownership. I have eventually found this solution: find previous_etc -exec sh -c 'chown -v --reference=$0 "new_etc${0#previous_etc}"' {} \; So, this is a self answered question. But if you have other methods, I am curious.

I am planning to utilize btrfs for a NAS system. Now I am wondering whether it is possible to roll back things to snapshots on a file / folder level. I ask this because typically one only wants to roll back single items while keeping the state of the rest of the drive. Is there some native way to do this or if not, how to best achieve this? I read https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/476925/restore-single-files-from-a-btrfs-snapshot-without-doing-a-full-copy which seems to be a way but not that convenient. Might be the best way to do this, though.

I've googled and searched for the answer, but non of the software mentioned on the answers can search for yaml file?. I've changed the config of Foremost duplicating the txt line, changing the txt into yaml format, and tried that, but it seems like it cannot find anything, there's the only yaml folder inside of the output folder so the configs at least reads correctly and in the terminal I get only

foremost
Processing: stdin
|

for hours. But the file it self is less than a kb I guess or so, and I specified the exact folder where it was... But having no luck with it. What are some other ways? the file is on the VPS contabo server, so I don't have a physical access to the hardware Thank you PS also tried undelete but it says

extundelete: "/root/massa/massa-client/wallets/" is a directory. You need to use the raw filesystem device (or a copy thereof).
extundelete: Operation not permitted when trying to open filesystem /root/massa/massa-client/wallets/

I have a Linux system running in another place, which I use as processing server. Now I'm acquiring a new one and I would like to export all the configuration programs and maybe folder structure to the new one. However I can't access it physically. I would like to know if there is a way of downloading or creating a boot image to install on my new device directly from the running device, via SCP or something like that. If that isn't posible, what are your suggestions to export the configuration to the new computer?

I created a backup with # tar -cvpzf /run/media/user/XYZ/backup.tar.gz --exclude=/run/media/user/root/mnt /run/media/user/root/ now I need the backup and when I tried to extract the tar.gz archive I accidentally deleted the backup file: #tar -xvpzf /run/media/user/XYZ/backup.tar.gz -C /run/media/user/otherDevice/ gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file tar: Child returned status 1 tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now I got the error nearly instantly so I guess only some bits are overwritten. I still can see the file but its size is 0 Bytes. Partition type is NTFS. Can someone explain what happened and how to restore the file?

I wonder if there are ways to copy or restore crtime (creation time) for inodes/files/directories in Linux in 2020. I've accidentally deleted a folder while I still have a full disk backup, but neither cp -a, nor rsync can restore/copy files/directories crtimes. I have found a way to achieve it using debugfs but it's super complicated and I need to automate it (I have hundreds of deleted files/directories). For the source disk you do this:

# debugfs /dev/sdXX
# stat /path
Inode: 432772   Type: directory    Mode:  0700   Flags: 0x80000
Generation: 3810862225    Version: 0x00000000:00000006
User:  1000   Group:  1000   Project:     0   Size: 4096
File ACL: 0
Links: 5   Blockcount: 8
Fragment:  Address: 0    Number: 0    Size: 0
 ctime: 0x5db96479:184bb16c -- Wed Oct 30 15:22:49 2019
 atime: 0x5b687c70:ee4dff18 -- Mon Aug  6 21:50:56 2018
 mtime: 0x5db96479:184bb16c -- Wed Oct 30 15:22:49 2019
crtime: 0x5b687c70:d35d1348 -- Mon Aug  6 21:50:56 2018
Size of extra inode fields: 32
Extended attributes:
  security.selinux (40)
EXTENTS:
(0):1737229

Remember the crtime, these are two fields,

(yes, the first) and

(the second) Then for the destination disk you do this:

# debugfs -w /dev/sdYY
# set_inode_field /path crtime_lo 0x${1st_value_from_earlier}
# set_inode_field /path crtime_hi 0x${2nd_value_from_earlier}

Maybe there's something else I'm missing in the debugfs manual which could help me do that, so I'd be glad if people could help.

-f cmd_file

surely seems like a nice way to start but still a little bit too difficult for me.

Say I just moved a file to trash from a file manager or using a command-line implementation such as kioclient move my_file trash:/. Can I restore it with a single, non-interactive command? [trash-cli](https://github.com/andreafrancia/trash-cli) can restore files, but only (I believe) by selecting them interactively.