I am currently attempting to install Debian on my laptop computer. During the network configuration stage, I am prompted to "enter a passphrase for WPA/WPA2 PSK authentication". Unfortunately, I am on my school's network which requires both a username and a password, with the [MS-CHAPv2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#MS-CHAPv2) authentication protocol. What should I enter at the prompt? I have an Ubuntu computer which can connect to this network. Here are the contents of /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/NetworkName: [ipv6] method=auto [connection] id=NetworkName uuid=3e728a68-a877-4681-bc0e-1e64b2ff6434 type=802-11-wireless [802-11-wireless-security] key-mgmt=wpa-eap auth-alg=open [802-11-wireless] ssid=NetworkName mode=infrastructure mac-address=84:A6:C8:A9:67:DA security=802-11-wireless-security [802-1x] eap=ttls; identity=username phase2-auth=mschapv2 password-flags=1 [ipv4] method=auto Curiously enough, the password I enter to connect to NetworkName doesn't appear anywhere. EDIT 2: Screenshot of network connection process (in a live-boot Ubuntu)

I was trying to install Arch Linux in VirtualBox, and made it through most of the setup without any issues. However, once it got past the partition setup it started spamming the console with the following message: chroot: failed to run command 'passwd': no such file or directory. It does not appear to be moving past this and seems to be stuck there. If anyone can come up with an answer for fixing this I would highly appreciate it. Thanks in advance Tommy.

I am trying to boot Fedora Silverblue onto my laptop VIA a USB drive and I keep getting

[FAILED] Failed to start checkisomd5@dev-sdb.service - Media check on /dev/sdb.
dracut-initqueue: Job for checkisomd5@dev-sdb.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
dracut-initqueue: See "systemct1 status checkisomd5@dev-sdb.service" and "journalct1 -xeu checkisomd5@dev-sdb.service" for details
dracut: FATAL: CD check failed!
dracut: Refusing to continue

I tried running the ISO I downloaded directly on a VM through VBox and it worked fine, any clue why I keep getting this error?

Hello Unix/Linux community, looking for your help. I am running into an issue where I am trying to install Catalina 10.15.2 on a machine that has been wiped. The machine is in target disk mode and I am using the "Install macOS Catalina" app to image this mac. When I launch the app I see all of my mounted devices including the machine that is in TDM but when I select it as the disk where I want Catalina installed I get a message that states that: "You may not install to this volume because it is a Mac in target disk mode". Is it not possible to image a mac that is in TDM? BTW I have tried imaging the disk as APFS and Mac Os Extended (Journaled). Any help/guidance is appreciated. Thank you.

I’m installing Arch Linux for the first time. I didn’t encounter any problems during setup until I had to perform the actual installation with pacstrap. Here’s my input.

pacstrap /mnt base base-devel linux linux-firmware vim

What I get in return.

:: Synchronizing package databases...
 core is up to date
 extra is up to date
 community is up to date
error: failed retrieving file ‘online-repo.db’ from 192.168.1.156:8000 : Connection timed out after 10000 milliseconds.
error: failed to update online-repo. (download library error)
error: failed to synchronize all databases
==>ERROR: Failed to install packages to new root

I am able to ping archlinux.org and google.com without any issue, but not the ip mentioned in the error. I have heard that having timedate-ctl setup incorrectly can mess up sync, so I changed it to the correct time and timezone manually. I tried using reflector several times with different protocols and locations but I still get the same errors. I’m not sure what I’m doing wrong.

After running in to some problems with my initial attempt to install, I've premade the partitions I want to use, and I want to install Debian using those partitions. One of the problems I had was that the partitioner included in the installer can't create the layout I want: | drive | partition | encryption | filesystem | mountpoint | | ----- | --------- | ---------- | ---------- | ---------- | | 1 | 1 | none | ESP | /boot/efi | | 1 | 2 | LUKS1 | ext4 | /boot | | 1 | 3 | LUKS2 | ext4 | / | | 2 | 2 | LUKS2 | btrfs | /home | **Now I've created those partitions, with some customized options, and I want to tell a Debian installer to use the existing partitions.** After failing to find that option in the Calamares-based GUI installer on my rescue system, searching online has given me the impression that neither the self-booting graphical or text-based installers have that option either. I'm hoping someone here can point me to an option that will use the existing partitions, or failing that to an option that can recreate both LUKS1 and LUKS2 encrypted volumes and put specified unallocated spaces between partitions

I want to change from Windows to Pop OS, I don't want to make a partition and getting a dual boot, just want to say goodbye to Windows, the issue is that I'm not pretty sure if doing this having two Hard-disks (128GB+1TB), so, is it possible that I loose one Hard-disk on the process ? I'm worried to loose the 1TB Hard-disk (currently I'm working on my local C drive (the one of 128GB, so don't know if I can loose the 1TB of storage).

I wanted to install Debian 8.8 on my laptop which was using ubuntu 16.04 LTS. I downloaded the netinst and used rufus to burn it on a USB. I booted on the USB and I got the menu screen, but when I select install or graphics install I get a black screen (but the backlight is on and my external monitor on hdmi is not connecting). If I disable Uefi, I can get passed the problem; but grub fails to install. I tried to install Ubuntu again but the laptop's display (blacklight is on) does not work but my external monitor does. BTW I'm trying to install the OS on my nvme ssd which worked on the Ubuntu not Debian. My question is, what is wrong and how do I fix this? My laptop has: - Intel i7 7700HQ - 2x 8gb corsair ram - nvidia gtx 1070 - 250gb Samsung 960 evo nvme ssd - 1tb seagate hdd Edit: I just went on try Ubuntu before install and ran xrandr - - listmonitors and I only got the output of the external hdmi monitor.

I'm having this issue for a few months now...I was using fedora for a long time but it broke after an update and since then I can't install or run a live environment of almost no distro...so far only Linux mint will boot into the live environment but when I install it I get the same error at bootup and the PC turns off. I've tried other distros but no luck. I'm stuck on windows for the time being. The error(s): Could not create MokListRT: Volume Full Could not create MokListXRT: Volume Full Could not create SbatLevelRT: Volume Full Could not create MokListTrustedRT: Volume Full Something has gone seriously wrong: import_mok_state() failed: Volume Full I would really appreciate any help with this issue

I know this is a common problem that has likely been addressed here before, but thus far none of the obvious solutions have worked. I'm trying to install Debian on my laptop (currently running Ubuntu) from a USB flash drive. I have reformated the drive to the FAT32 file system and made sure it has only one partition, I have used Unebootin to create the proper files on my flash drive, installed the ISO image on my root directory and the USB drive, programmed my BIOS chip to boot from the USB (put the HD last in boot order), and disabled secure boot and fast boot; but it just won't boot from from the USB drive. Instead it just boots directly to Ubuntu as if that was the only choice available. I've even tried pressing F2 during the boot sequence and have also tried using both USB ports on my computer, but to no avail. If I have to, I suppose I can live with Ubuntu, but I've been married to Debbie over a decade now and really don't feel like getting to know a whole new OS - even if she's related. Any hints or suggestions would be much appreciated. Thanks.

I keep getting this error when I install Parrot OS in Virtual Box. > External command failed to finish. > Command /usr/sbin/bootloader-config failed to finish in 600 seconds. There was no output from the command

I'm trying to install Caine Linux. I downloaded ISO from https://www.caine-live.net/ and "burned" it with Rufus to a memory stick. Then I bootet from this memory stick to Caine Live. In Caine Linux I made disks writeable by clicking the harddisk icon on the status bar -> then click Install 18.04 on desktop. On installation type I selected "Erase disk and install 18.04" Here I got the error "Operation not permitted during write on /dev/sda". Any suggestions?

When installing the system with [coreos-installer](https://coreos.github.io/coreos-installer/) utility, **if the image contains an embedded Ignition configuration**, after the installation completes, the system will reboot. **Question**: Is there a way to override this behaviour to shutdown instead of rebooting? For example via kernel arguments or something similar? **Why**: The reason I want this behaviour is that I'm installing Fedora CoreOS via a live ISO on VirtualBox, and I have the Ignition configuration embedded into the ISO. Since the installation starts automatically, I don't have to input commands and shutdown manually. However, once the installation process completes, the system _reboots_, starting the live environment again and re-installing the system in a loop, until I manually stop the VM and "remove" the live ISO media. So I have to intercept when the installation is done, which is a little inconvenient.

I have googled a lot for this problem. I found this, but it didn't solve my problem. Other solutions suggest me to reinstall grub (run grub-install), which didn't work either. Here is what I am doing: (my grub version is 2.02) 1. I use grub2-mkrescue to make my X.iso 2. I boot a VMWareWorkstation virtual machine, which has a 1.0GB SATA disk, from X.iso 3. I install X.iso on disk, the details are: 3.1. erase /dev/sda in case there are old partitions on it: dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1M count=1 3.2. Create 3 primary partitions on /dev/sda as dev/sda1,sda2,sda3 (the size is 100M, 30M and 70M), and toggle sda1 to be bootable

Disk /dev/sda: 1024 MB, 1073741824 bytes, 2097152 sectors
130 cylinders, 255 heads, 63 sectors/track
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Device  Boot StartCHS    EndCHS        StartLBA     EndLBA    Sectors  Size Id Type
/dev/sda1 *  0,1,1       12,191,50           63     204862     204800  100M 83 Linux
/dev/sda2    12,191,51   16,147,2        204863     266302      61440 30.0M 83 Linux
/dev/sda3    16,147,3    25,127,37       266303     409662     143360 70.0M 83 Linux

3.3. Format the 3 partitions as ext2, and mount /dev/sda1

mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda2
mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda3
ROOTFS_PATH=/var/.rootfs
mkdir $ROOTFS_PATH
mount /dev/sda1 $ROOTFS_PATH

3.4 copy files...

for i in bzImage initrd.img vmlinuz-*; do
    cp -rf /boot/$i $ROOTFS_PATH/boot
done
cp -f /boot/grub/device.map $ROOTFS_PATH/boot/grub/device.map
for i in init linuxrc; do
    cp -rf /$i $ROOTFS_PATH
done
for i in bin etc lib sbin share usr; do
    cp -a /$i $ROOTFS_PATH
done
for i in dev var proc sys tmp data log; do
    mkdir -p $ROOTFS_PATH/$i
done

3.5 Install grub and make grub config file

chroot $ROOTFS_PATH

And the most strange thing is that ls command shows nothing in grub-rescue cli ---- as someone says, it should show disk list.

I have bought a new Mac Mini, and would like to use it as a Linux server. Now I'm trying to install CentOS on it. I downloaded CentOS-6.4-x86_64-netinstall.iso and booted the Mac Mini from a USB-stick. But during the installation process I get these errors: dmar: No ASTR found IOAPIC id 0 under DRHD base 0xfed9100 HPET id 0 under DRHD base 0xfed91000 Enabled IRQ remapping in x2apic mode Enabling x2apic Enabled x2apic Setting APIC routing to cluster x2apic Kernel panic - not syncing: No mapping iommu for ioapic 2 Pid: 1, comm: swapper Not tainted 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 Call Trace: ... Any suggestions what the problem is? Do I need a different binary to be able to run on an Mac? According to a tweet, CentOS 6.4 seem to work, at least on older, Mac Mini's: https://twitter.com/courtneycotton/statuses/312267424605036544 -------- **UPDATE**: the suggestion of adding noapic to the boot took me further in the installation process. Now I had to select an installation medium. The choice is CD/DVD, Hard drive, NFS directory or URL, and I have a *USB-stick*, so I choose *Hard drive*. Then I'm supposed to choose a partition that holds the installation image for CentOS, the choice is between /dev/sda1, /dev/sda2, /dev/sda3 or /dev/sdb1. Here I have really no idea what name my *USB-stick* has. I have tried with them all, but if I choose e.g. /dev/sdb1 I later get the message: > The installation source given by device ['/dev/sdb1'] could not be found. Please check your parameters and try again. I put my iso file on the USB-stick by following the Ubuntu instructions . Any suggestion on how to go further in the installation process?

As you all know, setting up a fresh installation of a distribution can be time consuming. Manually installing and setting up various packages and apps takes a lot of time, even with all the dotfiles on hand. Thus recently I have been wondering about whether there are any tools/best practices concerning the automation of this process? Are there any universal tools? Or should plain ol' shell scripts (for different distros/hardware configurations) be plenty enough? Here's a link for some more information on this topic. Author's post-install shell script contains ~2000 lines of code.

I am trying to install CentOS-7(GNOME) on my Dell Laptop which has 30GB SSD and 1TB HDD, RAM of 8GB, i7 Intel processor. I am doing manual partition. I have selected SSD as bootable drive and my /boot is on SSD with 2GB as size. In which drive should I put the leftover(28 GB) SSD for better OS performance? I tried adding it to / but this is only allowing me if I deselect HDD. But then I am not able to add other partitions like /home, swap, /usr, /opt, /var on HDD and they would all default to SSD which has only 30GB in total which I am trying to avoid. I am planning to use this laptop for my development activities eg Java(with Intellij), Docker, Kubernetes, MongoDB, Apache Flink which at times would be resource consuming and I want to utilize SSD as much as feasible. Does the CentOS installation always default to the disk with higher space? Should I simply install to SSD(deselect HDD) and then after installation mount other partitions on HDD? So far, I am trying to follow instructions here : I'll appreciate if someone could help.

I'm trying to install Arch Linux on a Lenovo Harman/Kardon IdeaCentre, and I can't start a working internet connection.

$ ping archlinux.org
ping: archlinux.org: Name or service not known
$ ping 8.8.8.8
ping: connect: Network is unreachable

This is after I have connected to my home Wi-Fi. I tried using an external network interface but that did not work, I also tried running

$ systemctl start dchpcd@wlan0
Job for dhcpcd@wlan0.service failed because the control process exited with error code.

I have watched a couple of videos and nothing seemed to help. I tried running ip link set wlan0 up but that didn't seem to do anything. I have rebooted several times and that also didn't help. This is what comes up for wlan0 interface when I run ip link:

4: wlan0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DORMANT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 11:22:33:44:55:66 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

HardenedArray has a helpful archlinux-installation guide at [Efficient Encrypted UEFI-Booting Arch Installation](https://gist.github.com/HardenedArray/31915e3d73a4ae45adc0efa9ba458b07) . However, I encountered difficulty early in the installation process -- specifically, at the point of opening my LUKS partition. The command cryptsetup -c aes-xts-plain64 -h sha512 -s 512 --use-random luksFormat /dev/sda3 completes without error, but after I enter the command cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 tsundoku, _/dev/mapper/tsundoku_ does not become available. ls /dev/mapper lists _/dev/mapper/control_ alone, and not also _/dev/mapper/tsundoku_ as I would expect. The following error message appears upon cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 tsundoku --verbose --debug: "Trying to read ... LUKS2 header at offset .... LUKS header read failed (-22). Command failed with code -1 (wrong or missing parameters)." Could anyone offer any hints at to the cause of this error? My attempts at online research to this point haven't been fruitful. Thanks much --- EDIT --- I've asked this question for help to achieve any of three goals: (1) to install arch-linux (in any manner) on a 6ish-year-old x86-64 Intel Core i5 2.50GHz ASUS; (2) more specifically, to install arch-linux securely with an encrypted partition; (3) to learn why, despite my expectations, cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 tsundoku does not create a _tsundoku_ mapping entry in the path _/dev/mapper_. I'm a newcomer to arch-linux, so although I'd prefer installing the OS with encryption, I'd settle for installing it in any way. I haven't had much luck following the installation instructions in the official arch wiki in the past, so upon seeing HardenedArray's clearly delineated installation guide, I thought I'd give it a go -- worst case scenario being that I might encounter a problem like the one described above, whereby I might learn something new. As for the issue, here are some more details: As per HardenedArray's guide: I gdisk /dev/sda and create the following partitions: * /dev/sda1, default, 100M, EF00 * /dev/sda2, default, 250M, 8300 * /dev/sda3, default, default, 8300 Then I do the following: mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/sda1 mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda2 At this point, I attempt to initialize a LUKS partition and set up a mapping. > cryptsetup --verbose -c aes-xts-plain64 -h sha512 -s 512 --use-random luksFormat /dev/sda3 Command successful > cryptsetup -v isLuks /dev/sda3 Command successful > ls /dev/mapper control > cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 tsundoku --verbose --debug cryptsetup 2.0.0. processing "cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sda3 tsundoku --verbose --debug" Running command open. Locking memory. ... Trying to load any crypt type from device /dev/sda3. Crypto backend ... initialized ... Detected kernel Linux 4.14.9-1-ARCH x86_64. ... Reading LUKS header of size 1024 from device /dev/sda3. ... Activating volume tsundoku using token -1. STDIN descriptor passphrase entry requested. Activating volume tsundoku [keyslot -1] using passphrase. ... Detected dm-ioctl version 4.37.0. Device-mapper backend running with UDEV support enabled. dm status tsundoku [ opencount flush ] [...] (...) Trying to open key slot 0 [ACTIVE_LAST]. Reading key slot 0 area. Using userspace crypto wrapper to access keyslot area. Trying to open key slot 1 [INACTIVE]. # key slots 2-7 are also [INACTIVE] Releasing crypt device /dev/sda3 context. Releasing device-mapper backend. Unlocking memory. Command failed with code -2 (no permission or bad passphrase). > ls /dev/mapper control > cryptsetup luksDump /dev/sda3 LUKS header information for /dev/sda3 Version: 1 Cipher name: aes Cipher mode: xts-plain64 Hash spec: sha512 ... UUID: 56d8... Key Slot 0: ENABLED ... Key Slot 1: DISABLED # Key Slots 2-7 are also DISABLED ----- Are the steps I've listed above inaccurate in any way? Perhaps there were alternatives I should have taken instead or intervening actions that I missed? If not, is the command cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/sd{a} {volume} supposed to create a volume mapping in the path _/dev/mapper_? If so, do the details I've added above allow anyone to ascertain why the path _/dev/sda3/tsundoku_ does not appear on my machine? And if not, is there any additional information that I could add to make the problem clearer? Thanks much.

I've been trying for a few hours now and I still cannot find out why I cannot install Elementary OS. Every time I try to install it I get: > the 'grub-efi' package failed to install into /target/ I am trying to dual boot Elementary with Windows 8.1, I have wiped my SSD and set it as MSDOS to see if it worked, it did not. I have now used boot-repair in order to see what is wrong, it says: > The boot of your PC is in EFI mode, but no EFI partition was detected. You may want to retry after creating a EFI partition (FAT32, 100MB-250MB, start of the disk, boot flag). And after a few seconds I get: > grub-pc purge cancelled. Please report this message to boot.repair@gmail.com. Bootinfo summary: http://paste.ubuntu.com/9488247/ What can I do to make this install work?