Booting from a SATA case crashes various operating systems

After installing Windows on an external drive, it crashes when connecting via a SATA case. (Crashes when booting Windows, Linux, and macOS). The installation was based on the answer from [Drivers not working on Windows 10 installed (CLI process) on external SSD running on MacBook Air 2018](https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/384355/drivers-not-working-on-windows-10-installed-cli-process-on-external-ssd-runnin/384447#384447) . However, the exact procedure, including additional steps taken, is documented in a secret gist on GitHub. I have tried multiple different cables and cases. I am using an Imac18,3. I have tried plugging the SATA case into the mac via USB-C to USB-C and USB-A to USB-C. All of these cables should allow data transfer. The Cable that it works with is a USB-A to SATA cable. The device crashes when plugging the drive in from boot. (Only if booting from that drive though) Does anyone know why this happens? Is there a way to fix it?