Is there a command-line tool to text-search a docx file? I tried grep, but it doesn't work with docx even though it works fine with txt and xml files. I could convert the docx to txt first, but I'd prefer a tool that operates directly on docx files. I need the tool to work under Cygwin. OP edit: Later I found out that the easiest way to achieve the grep is actually to convert those docx to txt then grep over them.

Whilst trying to configure ls' colors on Cygwin (specifically the distro babun), I found that the custom extension colors that were in the LS_COLORS environment variable weren't being used. Here's an example: di=34:ln=35:so=32:pi=33:ex=31:bd=34;46:cd=34;43:su=30;41:sg=30;46:tw=30;42:ow=30;43:*.tar=1;31 Normally, the ls command should output white text for every file EXCEPT .tar files, which should be red. However, what I'm getting is white text for everything INCLUDING .tar files. I wonder if it's a problem with MSYS ls, or if it's a problem with my shell (zsh). Basically, the custom file extension colors that I try and define fall back to the default file color. Here's the corresponding part of my .zshrc where I've defined the ls alias and run the output of dircolors. eval "dircolors /etc/DIR_COLORS" alias ls="/bin/ls --color=auto"

For many years, I've had home folder ~ correspond to c:\cygwin64\home\User.Name. I recently had a problem that I tried to solve by uninstalling and reinstalling Cygwin. Since I rarely do this, I went through the processof googling how to set the home directory away from c:\Users\User.Name to c:\cygwin64\home\User.Name. In /etc/nsswitch.conf, I ended up changing db_home: to /home/%U, which did the trick. I then found that all of the previous folder trees rooted in ~ were gone. Of course I try to diligently back up snapshots of my work to a network drive, but being busy, I last did this 10 days ago. After spending time reconstructing content from material distributed all over the place, I've mitigated my losses. I do wonder, however, *is reinstalling Cygwin **supposed** to wipe out all of the content in ~, specifically when it corresponds to c:\cygwin64\home\User.Name?* I just now noticed that all of the lines in /etc/nsswitch.conf are commented out with a leading #, include the db_home: line. This means my setting had no effect. It seems that just by restarting Cygwin a few times (by which I mean launch mintty or X-windows + xterm) and shutting them down, ~ seemed to change by itself from c:\Users\User.Name to c:\cygwin64\home\User.Name. I'm not entirely sure, however, because I didn't really know what I was doing when I was messing around with changing the mapping of ~. However, I don't recall changing any files other than /etc/nsswitch.conf.

I installed OpenSSH on my Windows 7 system so I could tunnel my VNC into it from my Arch machine. However, when I run /usr/sbin/sshd -D on the W7 machine, I get the error: /var/empty must be owned by root and not group or world-writable. This is the output of the ls -All /var: $ ls -All /var total 0 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 {my_usrnm} None 0 Jul 15 21:39 cache drw-------+ 1 cyg_server Administrators 0 Jul 15 21:43 empty drwxr-xr-x+ 1 {my_usrnm} None 0 Jul 15 21:39 lib drwxrwxrwt+ 1 {my_usrnm} None 0 Jul 15 21:45 log drwxrwxrwt+ 1 {my_usrnm} None 0 Jul 15 23:36 run drwxrwxrwt+ 1 {my_usrnm} None 0 Jul 15 21:39 tmp I've tried a few of the permissions fixes and rebooted and reinstalled OpenSSH (by running ssh-host-config) at least 10 times, but nothing had fixed it. How do I fix this error? Thanks!

My Cygwin is trying to open wait.sh every time I use my notebook and asks me which program to use to open wait.sh. wait.sh is located in C:/cygwin64/bin/ I have Windows 11, and all programs are using stable versions. I uninstalled Cygwin, but that's the easy way, and I need Cygwin because my WSL is not working well. The other option was deleting wait.sh, but I don't know what kind of process uses this bash file.

**Situation.** I work in Cygwin and there is a Windows environment variable that points to one of special folders: ProgramFiles(x86)=C:\Program Files (x86) As you see the variable name contains parentheses. Naive attempts to read the value do not seem to work: echo "${ProgramFiles(x86)}" # bad substitution echo "${ProgramFiles\(x86\)}" # bad substitution I tried to find general rules on escaping characters in variable names, but failed. **Question.** Is it possible to use a variable whose name includes parentheses or other unusual symbols? P. S. In my specific case I got the same value with cygpath -F 42.

I have read that to run the **locate** command on **CYGWIN**, first I need to run the following command: updatedb --localpaths=c:/ What does this command do exactly? As I run this on CYGWIN and it is taking too much time.

Are there any command-line interface for Microsoft Windows other than cygwin. Currently, I am using cygwin but there are some commands that do not work as they are supposed to work on linux

I have logged in to a remote server and am trying to display an X application (e.g. firefox) but an error message appears. The below are my attempts to open firefox:

-shellsession
Black@Black-PC ~$ ssh -X kwagjj@$labserver -p 122
[kwagjj@James5 ~]$ firefox
Error: no display specified
[kwagjj@James5 ~]$ exit
logout
Connection to 143.248.146.204 closed.

Black@Black-PC ~$ ssh -Y kwagjj@$labserver -p 122
[kwagjj@James5 ~]$ firefox
Error: no display specified
[kwagjj@James5 ~]$

I used -X, -Y because I read somewhere that these two options are related with credentials regarding X11 and these switches will do the job for me. Even without the -X, -Y switches, my attempt failed. What does the "no display specified" error mean? P.S. The weird thing is that if I connect to the remote server through my PUTTY and repeat the command firefox it works?!?! (firefox is displayed on local computer) P.S. my local computer is Windows 7 so I have [Xming](https://sourceforge.net/projects/xming/) running on background in order to allow X11 display. As for the attempt written on the upper part, the commands were typed in at Cygwin terminal.

I'm using Cygwin to get Linux functionality on Windows 11. Specifically, I am using Cygwin's xpdf to browse PDFs. It can open a hyperlinked URL if $BROWSER is set. Mysteriously, I found that I don't need to issue export BROWSER=firefox before issuing xpdf MyFile.pdf &. I just need a preceding BROWSER=firefox before the xpdf command. # This works BROWSER=firefox xpdf MyFile.pdf & Why is it that xpdf sees BROWSER=firefox even though I didn't export this at the Bash command line?

I've ported (stolen from KallistiOS) genromfs to build on Windows for ps2sdk-ports, but there may be potential bugs. Here are the problems. line 434: Check buffer boundaries if used in a loop including recursive loops (CWE-120, CWE-20). line 555 : Does not handle strings that are not \0-terminated; if given one it may perform an over-read (it could cause a crash if unprotected) (CWE-126). line 972 : Does not handle strings that are not \0-terminated; if given one it may perform an over-read (it could cause a crash if unprotected) (CWE-126). line 990 : Does not handle strings that are not \0-terminated; if given one it may perform an over-read (it could cause a crash if unprotected) (CWE-126). line 1037 : Does not handle strings that are not \0-terminated; if given one it may perform an over-read (it could cause a crash if unprotected) (CWE-126). How do I fix them or are there any work around's to fix them.

I'm trying to run meld on Cygwin, after having installed it, and circumvented the "no module named 'meld'" issue by forcing it to use Python 3.6 . Now, I get:

$ meld
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/meld", line 341, in 
    check_requirements()
  File "/usr/bin/meld", line 193, in check_requirements
    gi.require_version("Gtk", "3.0")
AttributeError: module 'gi' has no attribute 'require_version'

Where do I get gi from, and what do I do to get meld to work? Version info: * Windows: Version 10.0.19045.5131 * Cygwin: Updated 2024-12-05 * meld: 3.18.0-1 * Python3: 3.9.16 * Python3.6: 3.6.15 I can provide additional information as relevant, just ask in a comment.

I am trying to use curl (v8.6.0) to send the HTTP request to sever side under Windows git bash terminal. The server side is a Java spring boot application. When the curl JSON content contains Chinese words, the server side shows this error:

Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb2
  at [Source: (org.springframework.util.StreamUtils$NonClosingInputStream); line: 1, column: 11] (through reference chain: com.guangdanet.youxue.admin.rest.vo.product.line.LineSaveReqVO["name"])
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException.wrapWithPath(JsonMappingException.java:402)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException.wrapWithPath(JsonMappingException.java:361)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializerBase.wrapAndThrow(BeanDeserializerBase.java:1863)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializer.deserializeFromObject(BeanDeserializer.java:394)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializer.deserialize(BeanDeserializer.java:185)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.DefaultDeserializationContext.readRootValue(DefaultDeserializationContext.java:323)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectReader._bindAndClose(ObjectReader.java:2105)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectReader.readValue(ObjectReader.java:1481)
 	at org.springframework.http.converter.json.AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.readJavaType(AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.java:395)
 	... 175 common frames omitted

Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParseException: Invalid UTF-8 start byte 0xb2
  at [Source: (org.springframework.util.StreamUtils$NonClosingInputStream); line: 1, column: 11]
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser._constructError(JsonParser.java:2477)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.base.ParserMinimalBase._reportError(ParserMinimalBase.java:750)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8StreamJsonParser._reportInvalidInitial(UTF8StreamJsonParser.java:3712)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8StreamJsonParser._reportInvalidChar(UTF8StreamJsonParser.java:3708)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8StreamJsonParser._finishString2(UTF8StreamJsonParser.java:2634)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8StreamJsonParser._finishAndReturnString(UTF8StreamJsonParser.java:2560)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.core.json.UTF8StreamJsonParser.getText(UTF8StreamJsonParser.java:335)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.StringDeserializer.deserialize(StringDeserializer.java:42)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.std.StringDeserializer.deserialize(StringDeserializer.java:11)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.impl.MethodProperty.deserializeAndSet(MethodProperty.java:129)
 	at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.deser.BeanDeserializer.deserializeFromObject(BeanDeserializer.java:392)

The jackson was the default JSON parser for spring boot application, and this server side works fine with a Google Chrome xhr request, but failed with the curl request from Windows git terminal. Am I missing something? It looks like this git bash has some encoding issue in Windows. What should I to to make the windows git bash support Chinese words? This is the curl info:

curl 8.6.0(x86_64-w64-mingw32) 1ibcur1/8.6.0 schannel z1ib/1.3.1 brotli/1.1.0std/1.5.5 1ibidn2/2.3.7 1ibps1/0.21.5 1ibssh2/1.11.0
    Release-Date: 2024-01-31
    Protocols: dict file ftp ftps gopher gophers http https imap imaps ipfs ipns lda2 ldaps mgtt pop3 pop3s rtsp scp sftp smb smbs smtp smtps telnet tftp
    Features: alt-svc AsynchDNs brotli HSTS HTTPS-prOXy IDN IPv6 Kerberos Largefileibz NTLM PSL SPNEGO SSL SSPI threadsafe UnixSockets zstd

Scenario:

# on Linux
$ cat r456.txt
e+e+l
e+e-c

$ cat r456.txt | sort
e+e-c
e+e+l

$ sort --version
sort (GNU coreutils) 8.30

# on Cygwin
$ cat r456.txt
e+e+l
e+e-c

$ cat r456.txt | sort
e+e+l
e+e-c

$ sort --version
sort (GNU coreutils) 9.0
Packaged by Cygwin (9.0-1)

Here we see that sort on Linux and on Cygwin returns different results. Why? How to make sort on Linux and on Cygwin return the same results? --- UPD. Locales:

# on Linux
$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LANGUAGE=en_US:
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_PAPER="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NAME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ADDRESS="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TELEPHONE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MEASUREMENT="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_IDENTIFICATION="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

# on Cygwin
$ locale
LANG=
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="C.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="C.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="C.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="C.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="C.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

--- UPD2. I've changed all locales on Cygwin to en_US.UTF-8. However, sort still returns different results:

# on Linux
$ cat r456a.txt
u1
u-1

$ cat r456a.txt | sort
u-1
u1

# on Cygwin
$ cat r456a.txt
u1
u-1

$ cat r456a.txt | sort
u1
u-1

$ locale
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="en_US.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

How to fix? --- UPD3. Observation: on both Linux and Windows all LC variables are set to en_US.UTF-8, strings to sort are:

ProfileDataContainer.cpp
ProfileData.cpp

Linux sort sorts them as

ProfileDataContainer.cpp
ProfileData.cpp

Cygwin sort sorts them as

ProfileData.cpp
ProfileDataContainer.cpp

Is it a bug in Linux sort or in Cygwin sort? How to make Linux sort produce the same results as Cygwin sort? Versions: Linux sort: 8.32, Cygwin sort: 9.0. Both are GNU coreutils.

For the past few years, running xdf yields the warning $QStandardPaths: XDG_RUNTIME_DIR not set, defaulting to '/tmp/runtime-fma' QXcbShmImage: shmget() failed (88: Function not implemented) for size 3208656 (1133x708) According to [this page](https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/7202#issuecomment-1741707958) . I need the following in my ~/.bashrc: export XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=/run/user/$(id -u) I using Cygwin, and I don't have a folder /run. I want to create it, but I'm not sure how best to do so in a way that all accounts can use it. I have an admin account and various other accounts for different purposes, e.g.,. personal, work-related, gaming, etc. How should I create /run? Should I also create /run/user for different accounts?

I'm trying to understand why the find command is not deleting files in one particular case. I've got the following command: find C:\\path\\to\\Pictures\\pmcctv -name cap_*.jpg -o -name cap_*.ogg -o -name cap_*.flv -o -name cap_*.mp4 -o -name cap_*.webm -mtime +7 Which returns the files I would expect: C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160915T193251_620067800.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160915T193322_742708800.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T081046_394767500.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T081125_615129600.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T081129_503678200.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T081255_842394600.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161008_693586800.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161012_749396800.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161043_774132200.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161150_497251900.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161154_437379600.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161337_350955300.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161341_452596000.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161412_870774000.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161443_969064400.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161554_468109900.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161558_378086000.jpg C:\path\to/Pictures/pmcctv/cap_20160916T161916_668433100.jpg Now if I try to run the same command with -delete, the files are not deleted: find C:\\path\\to\\Pictures\\pmcctv -name cap_*.jpg -o -name cap_*.ogg -o -name cap_*.flv -o -name cap_*.mp4 -o -name cap_*.webm -mtime +7 -delete I've also tried with -exec rm, but they are also not deleted: find C:\\path\\to\\Pictures\\pmcctv -name cap_*.jpg -o -name cap_*.ogg -o -name cap_*.flv -o -name cap_*.mp4 -o -name cap_*.webm -mtime +7 -exec rm {} \; find returns no error and the files are owned by me with permissions 644. Any idea what could be causing this? (note: I've cut the commands to make it more readable but normally there's no line break)

I'm using bash in cygwin on a Windows laptop. I'd like to be able to change the background color of my terminal to green (actual color irrelevant) and to do that I can use either of these commands: 1. tput setb 2; echo 2. printf '\e]11;#00FF00\a' For more info on what that printf is doing, see [how-to-set-the-background-color-of-the-linux-console-screen](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/474502/how-to-set-the-background-color-of-the-linux-console-screen/474924#474924) and the specific use of 11 for background is documented on page 34 of https://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.pdf (Ps = 1 0 → Change VT100 text foreground color to Pt. and Ps = 1 1 → Change VT100 text background color to Pt.) The printf immediately changes the bacground of the whole terminal while the tput just sets the color for what is typed next, hence the echo to start on the next empty line, but I don't care much about that. What I do most care about is the following: The tput leaves a small border in the original background color (pale beige, set by the "Options" GUI I get by clicking on the top-left of the terminal) as can be seen in this image (the pale grey around the left/bottom of the image is my Windows desktop color): The printf changes the color of the border (it's a lighter shade of green from tput's but that's irrelevant): but it does not change the area of the background that was set by tput unless I first re-initialize what my original tput did with tput init; echo and then execute the printf: I can just use the printf to get what I want as long as I don't use tput setb first but I'd prefer to **only** use tput setb if I can for portability so - why is tput leaving a small border of the existing background color and is there any way to tell tput to set the background color in a way that does not leave that small border? I'd also like to know if there's a way to have tput set the whole terminal background immediately, as the printf does, rather than after the next string I type, but that's not nearly as important as getting rid of that border. Additional info now that [@MarcusMüller](https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/106650/marcus-m%c3%bcller) gave me the hint [in a comment](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/780532/how-can-i-get-tput-to-fill-the-whole-background-without-leaving-a-border?noredirect=1#comment1493703_780532) that this might be a mintty issue - I see this same behavior when I use git bash from Windows on a different machine. They apparently both use mintty as the terminal emulator. Since I have to log into many different Windows machines and use cygwin or git bash, I'd like to be able to solve this problem without having to change terminal emulator every time I use one of those machines (I'm not even sure if/how I could do that). In fact, if it came down to changing terminal emulator to solve the tput problem, I'd just use the printf approach instead. I found at [set-border-width-for-mintty-window-on-cygwin-windows-10](https://stackoverflow.com/a/67448126/1745001) a way to control the border width from ~/.minttyrc by setting the Padding variable and if I update it to say: Padding=0 then that does work around the above tput problem but 1. That'd mean I'd have to change the .minttyrc on every machine I log into and restart the terminal afterwards, and 2. When I open the "Options" GUI to change anything about the terminal then save it, it overwrites that .minttyrc file and removes the Padding setting so I still would like to find some way to simply tell tput to fill that "padding" area just like it does the rest of the background. [@Vilinkameni](https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/367454/vilinkameni) also points out [in a comment](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/780532/how-can-i-get-tput-to-fill-the-whole-background-without-leaving-a-border#comment1493719_780532) that with the above tput in a mintty and MSYS2 MINGW64 terminal, any ANSI SGR color switching by a subsequent ls --color or other command that uses colors will effectively reset the color again. That does not happen if I use the above printf so I may ask about that in a subsequent question. See also "Changing colours" towards the bottom https://code.google.com/archive/p/mintty/wikis/Tips.wiki#Changing_colours for more information on the above printf and other things related to mintty. My $TERM value is xterm.

If I restart my terminal, I get an error when I type this:

$ complete -p git
bash: complete: git: no completion specification

But if I type git tab then run the complete command again, I get a different output:

$ complete -p git
complete -o bashdefault -o default -o nospace -F __git_wrap__git_main git

Once the shell becomes interactive, should complete -p git succeed on the first try, or is this working as designed? --- For context, I'd like to call the __git_complete function in my .bashrc/.bash_profile to add autocompletion to my custom command , but it doesn't seem to exist until I autocomplete git first. Also, I'm using cygwin on a Windows 10 machine, but I'm more interested in knowing how complete -p git works on other unix's.

For a shell script I need to call an executable by name, regardless of the path leading there; thus far I know this code reports the right name:

tmpprog=which program
prog=${tmpprog%%*/}
if $prog=""
then
  echo >&2 "Main Program not found"
else
  echo >&2 "$prog"
fi

How can I cut the code so that I may trim the path to keep the executable name and remove the path in a one liner? Beware: basename won't do it, since I may be working on a hybrid environment (cygwin/busybox on windoze), and sometimes the paths have spaces.

I'm a WSL convert, coming from cygwin. One of the neat things cygwin does is accept unix *and* Windows file paths in the cd command. Of course, most Windows paths contain \, which is a special character in unix, but so long as you escape it, cding to Windows paths works as expected: cd 'C:\Program Files' will *C*hange your *D*irectory to /cygdrive/c/Program Files1. This isn't the case for WSL. cd 'C:\Program Files' prints an error message: cd: no such file or directory: C:\Program Files. I like the cygwin functionality. **Is there a way of getting the same behavior when I use cd in WSL?** The solution could come in the form of installing a 3rd party tool (i.e., sudo apt install ), creating an alias, enabling some bind or bindkey in my shell, or writing my own shell script. So long as it allows me to use unix *and* Windows paths as a cd argument, I'll be happy. --- ### Additional information My distro is Ubuntu. I use zsh as my main shell but write shell scripts in bash. Ideally, the solution would work for both, but if that's not possible, I'd want a zsh solution. I found this related question that may help people trying to answer mine: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/174182/cygwin-cd-to-windows-paths-easily For those that don't use WSL but would like to help, it's worth knowing that WSL comes with a command named wslpath. This is the closest thing I've found to official documentation , and this is its usage output:

➜  ~ wslpath
wslpath: Invalid argument
Usage:
    -a    force result to absolute path format
    -u    translate from a Windows path to a WSL path (default)
    -w    translate from a WSL path to a Windows path
    -m    translate from a WSL path to a Windows path, with '/' instead of '\'

EX: wslpath 'c:\users'

I'm already using this command in another script I wrote to open a directory/file in Windows from the WSL command line:

➜  ~ cat ~/bin/open
#! /bin/bash
set -x

arg="$*"
explorer.exe "$(wslpath -w "$arg")" # take a unix path and open it in Windows

1: cygwin's /cygdrive/c/ path is synonymous with WSL's /mnt/c path.