pkg_admin audit said.. Package sqlite3-3.49.2 has a memory-corruption vulnerability, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6965 Package libxml2-2.14.4 has a use-after-free vulnerability, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49794 Package libxml2-2.14.4 has a denial-of-service vulnerability, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49795 Package libxml2-2.14.4 has a denial-of-service vulnerability, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49796 Package libxml2-2.14.4 has a integer-overflow vulnerability, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6021 Package libxml2-2.14.4 has a buffer-overflow vulnerability, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6170 I usually go to netbsd site, check errata and follow instruction but.. https://www.netbsd.org/support/security/patches-10.1.html The page result empty. How to fix/patch those vulnerabilities? I have also run sysupgrade auto and reboot, but messages still appear.

On Linux, this command fstrim -av I will remove all unused blocks (particularly interesting on VM disks and necessary on SSD to preserve/get a longer duration). NetBSD has a similar command called blkdiscard This command wipes the entire disk, so it becomes unusable (correct me if I am wrong) blkdiscard -v /dev/rwd... I see there is a flag which starts to discard after some bytes (or MB) blkdiscard -v -f 256m -m 128m /dev/rwd0c Suppose my partition uses 6GB of data, to make a safe discard (my data still remains), is this the correct command? blkdiscard -v -f 6000m -m 128m /dev/rwd0c

I can't understand what "-f" option to find command on NetBSD mean. Manual: https://man.netbsd.org/find.1 says > -f Specifies a file hierarchy for find to traverse. File hierarchies may also be specified as the operands immediately following the options. Usage: > find [-H | -L | -P] [-dEhsXx] -f file [file ...] [expression] >find [-H | -L | -P] [-dEhsXx] file [file ...] [expression] I would expect the two following calls to be equivalent:

home# find ./ -name "*c"
./1.c

home# find -f ./ -name "*c"
find: unknown option -- n
find: unknown option -- a
find: unknown option -- m
find: unknown option -- e
./
./1.c
find: *c: No such file or directory

Instead to make second equivalent I have to run

home# find -f ./ -- -name "*c"
./1.c

Am I missing something?

I am trying to install, for the first time, NetBSD-10.0-amd64 on HP EliteBook 8570w. After choosing "Install BSD" option installer goes to the booting mode and gets interrupted with an error:

502c0
Stopped in pid 294.294 (init) at            netbsd:breakpoint+0x5: leave
breakpoint() at netbsd:breakpoint+0x5
vpanic() at netbsd:vpanic+0x183
panic() at netbsd:panic+0x3c
cnopen() at netbsd:cnopen+0x104
cdev_open() at netbsd:cdev_open+0x12a
spec_open() at netbsd:spec_open+0x1e0
VOP_OPEN() at netbsd:VOP_OPEN+0x3e
vn_open() at netbsd:vn_open+0x2ec
do_open() at netbsd:do_open+0xc3
do_sys_openat() at netbsd:do_sys_openat+0x74
sys_open() at netbsd:sys_open+0x24
syscall() at netbsd:syscall+0x1fc
--- syscall (number 5) ---
netbsd:syscall+0x1fc
ds            8
es            2
fs            180
gs            4a80
rdi           0
rsi           ffffffff81d88000
rsi           ffffbe8345a54ad0
rbx           0
rdx           1
rcx           ffffffffffffff
rax           800000000000000
r8            0
r9            0
r10           ffffffff818450e0      x86_mem
r11           fffffffe
r12           ffffffff8139af6f      ostype+0x13aa
r13           ffffbe8345a54b18
r14           104
r15           ffff8046d2cbdbc0
rip           ffffffff80235385      breakpoint+0x5
cs            8
rflags        202
rsp           ffffbe8345a54ad0
ss            10
netbsd:breakpoint +0x5: leave

If I continue the system precedes to reboot. I'm not familiar with bsd tools so please tell me if I left important information. ## Notice I installed FreeBSD and Arch Linux on the same machine and it worked fine.

After several sessions with intense Google searching and trying several angles with ChatGPT, I seem to be at a dead-end, my problem arises when I try to build OpenSSL from source, it seems that the build process wants to link with libcrypto.so located in /lib, but the system supplied version of OpenSSL is ancient, so this fails miserably, since OpenSSL now includes functionality not present in my version of libcrypto.so, specifically QUIC, its failing on safe_muldiv_uint64_t. It seems like a catch-22, and I have absolutely no idea how to break out of this. Some of the suggestions I have found involved building OpenSSL in a chroot jail, but I think it seems a little excessive? So I guess my question is: How do I build OpenSSL without linking with /lib/libcrypto.so, but linking with the version of libcrypto from the source package? Output:

${LDCMD:-cc} -pthread -Wa,--noexecstack -O2 -O3 -pipe -I/usr/include -I/usr/pkg/include  -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/pkg/gcc7/lib/gcc/x86_64--netbsd/7.5.0 -Wl,-R/usr/pkg/gcc7/lib/gcc/x86_64--netbsd/7.5.0 -Wl,-zrelro -L/usr/lib -Wl,-R/usr/lib -L/usr/pkg/lib -Wl,-R/usr/pkg/lib \
        -o fuzz/quic-srtm-test \
        fuzz/quic-srtm-test-bin-fuzz_rand.o \
        fuzz/quic-srtm-test-bin-quic-srtm.o \
        fuzz/quic-srtm-test-bin-test-corpus.o \
        libssl.a libcrypto.a -pthread
...
apps/libapps.a -lssl -lcrypto -pthread
./libssl.so: undefined reference to safe_muldiv_uint64_t
./libssl.so: undefined reference to safe_mul_uint64_t

-L/usr/lib is specified in the above command executed by the Makefile, and that folder contains libcrypto.o and libssl.o from the system supplied version of OpenSSL,

I've recently installed NetBSD 7.0.2, and I'm having trouble setting my hostname right. I'm using DHCP, so I got dhclient=YES in my /etc/rc.conf. Now, the documentation says, that there are several ways of setting the hostname. The prefered one is to put the hostname into a file. So /etc/myname contains a single line with the fully qualified domain name, etc. This didn't help so I also added hostname= into /etc/rc.conf, but it still doesn't honor my hostname settings. This didn't help either, so I ended up editing /etc/defaults/rc.conf and set the appropriate settings there. At this point I've run out of ideas. It's still not honering my selection, instead selecting a hostname for me, which is the name of my router plus a number.

I am trying to use OpenVPN as a client under NetBSD using this command:

openvpn --client --config /etc/openvpn/config.ovpn

I am getting the following output and errors:

localhost# openvpn --client --config /etc/openvpn/openvpn.ovpn 
2024-04-26 10:29:35 WARNING: Compression for receiving enabled. Compression has been used in the past to break encryption. Sent packets are not compressed unless "allow-compression yes" is also set.
2024-04-26 10:29:35 DEPRECATED OPTION: --cipher set to 'AES-256-CBC' but missing in --data-ciphers (AES-256-GCM:AES-128-GCM:CHACHA20-POLY1305). OpenVPN ignores --cipher for cipher negotiations. 
2024-04-26 10:29:35 OpenVPN 2.6.10 x86_64--netbsd [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD]
2024-04-26 10:29:35 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1k  25 Mar 2021, LZO 2.10
Enter Auth Username:********
Enter Auth Password:********
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 Socket Buffers: R=[32768->32768] S=[32768->32768]
2024-04-26 10:32:48 Attempting to establish TCP connection with [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCP connection established with [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCPv4_CLIENT link local: (not bound)
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TCPv4_CLIENT link remote: [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:32:48 NOTE: UID/GID downgrade will be delayed because of --client, --pull, or --up-delay
2024-04-26 10:32:48 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701, sid=0006909e 9b0d208f
2024-04-26 10:32:48 WARNING: this configuration may cache passwords in memory -- use the auth-nocache option to prevent this
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY OK: depth=1, C=US, ST=New York, L=New York, O=Ubiquiti Inc., OU=UniFi_OpenVPN_CA, CN=UniFi_OpenVPN_CA
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY KU OK
2024-04-26 10:32:48 Validating certificate extended key usage
2024-04-26 10:32:48 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY EKU OK
2024-04-26 10:32:48 VERIFY OK: depth=0, C=US, ST=New York, L=New York, O=Ubiquiti Inc., OU=UniFi_OpenVPN_Server, CN=UniFi_OpenVPN_Server
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, peer certificate: 2048 bits RSA, signature: RSA-SHA256, peer temporary key: 253 bits X25519
2024-04-26 10:33:53 [UniFi_OpenVPN_Server] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]**.191.33.**:1701
2024-04-26 10:33:53 TLS: move_session: dest=TM_ACTIVE src=TM_INITIAL reinit_src=1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 TLS: tls_multi_process: initial untrusted session promoted to trusted
2024-04-26 10:33:53 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,dhcp-option DNS 192.168.7.1,route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0,route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0,route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0,route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0,route-gateway 192.168.7.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 60,ifconfig 192.168.7.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 0,cipher AES-256-GCM'
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
2024-04-26 10:33:53 TUN/TAP device /dev/tun0 opened
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 192.168.7.2 192.168.7.1 mtu 1500 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.7.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.7.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net **.191.33.** 192.168.1.254 -netmask 255.255.255.255
route: writing to routing socket: File exists
add net **.191.33.**: gateway 192.168.1.254: File exists
2024-04-26 10:33:53 ERROR: OpenBSD/NetBSD route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 0.0.0.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 128.0.0.0
add net 0.0.0.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 128.0.0.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 128.0.0.0
add net 128.0.0.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.4.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.4.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.2.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.2.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.1.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
route: writing to routing socket: File exists
add net 192.168.1.0: gateway 192.168.7.1: File exists
2024-04-26 10:33:53 ERROR: OpenBSD/NetBSD route add command failed: external program exited with error status: 1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 /sbin/route add -net 192.168.3.0 192.168.7.1 -netmask 255.255.255.0
add net 192.168.3.0: gateway 192.168.7.1
2024-04-26 10:33:53 GID set to nogroup
2024-04-26 10:33:53 UID set to nobody
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Initialization Sequence Completed
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Data Channel: cipher 'AES-256-GCM', peer-id: 0, compression: 'lzo'
2024-04-26 10:33:53 Timers: ping 10, ping-restart 60

I have a working internet connection when running OpenVPN as a client, but I can't access any of the machines on the network

**.191.33.**

, I know I should be able to SSH into 192.168.1.114, but I can't reach that machine through OpenVPN, there are firewall rules in the Ubuiquity box allowing traffic from 192.168.7.* to 192.168.1.* I know this is working, its testet from Mac and PC using the OpenVPN Client, I just can't get it to work on NetBSD This is my routing table before running OpenVPN:

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use    Mtu Interface
default            192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
127/8              127.0.0.1          UGRS        -        -  33624  lo0
127.0.0.1          lo0                UHl         -        -  33624  lo0
192.168.1/24       link#2             UC          -        -      -  iwn0
192.168.1.68       link#2             UHl         -        -      -  lo0
192.168.1.254      00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff  UHL         -        -      -  iwn0

This is my routing table when running OpenVPN:

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use    Mtu Interface
0/1                192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
default            192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
**.191.33.**/32    192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
127/8              127.0.0.1          UGRS        -        -  33624  lo0
127.0.0.1          lo0                UHl         -        -  33624  lo0
128/1              192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.1/24       link#2             UC          -        -      -  iwn0
192.168.1.68       link#2             UHl         -        -      -  lo0
192.168.2/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.3/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.4/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.7/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.7.1        192.168.7.2        UH          -        -      -  tun0
192.168.7.2        tun0               UHl         -        -      -  lo0
192.168.1.254      00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff  UHL         -        -      -  iwn0

This is my routing table after stopping OpenVPN:

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use    Mtu Interface
0/1                192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
default            192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
**.191.33.**/32    192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
127/8              127.0.0.1          UGRS        -        -  33624  lo0
127.0.0.1          lo0                UHl         -        -  33624  lo0
128/1              192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.1/24       link#2             UC          -        -      -  iwn0
192.168.1.68       link#2             UHl         -        -      -  lo0
192.168.2/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.3/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.4/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.7/24       192.168.7.1        UGS         -        -      -  tun0
192.168.7.2        tun0               UHl         -        -      -  lo0
192.168.1.254      00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff  UHL         -        -      -  iwn0

This is my routing table when i have destroyed tun0:

ifconfig tun0 destroy

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags    Refs      Use    Mtu Interface
default            192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
**.191.33.**/32    192.168.1.254      UGS         -        -      -  iwn0
127/8              127.0.0.1          UGRS        -        -  33624  lo0
127.0.0.1          lo0                UHl         -        -  33624  lo0
192.168.1/24       link#2             UC          -        -      -  iwn0
192.168.1.68       link#2             UHl         -        -      -  lo0
192.168.1.254      00:1e:80:a2:2e:ff  UHL         -        -      -  iwn0

The route to

**.191.33.**

is still there when stopping OpenVPN and destroying the tunnel tun0, I don't know if this is expected behaviour. **Update** I have checked several computers now, and _none_ of them have the 192.168.1/24 route, its only on the PC running NetBSD, I have tried to delete it, with no success. I have also read a lot of man pages and various other documentation, but I have not come up with anything usefull yet. **OpenVPN Config**

client
dev tun
proto tcp
remote **.191.33.** 1701
resolv-retry infinite
nobind

# Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only)
user nobody
group nogroup

persist-key
persist-tun

auth-user-pass
remote-cert-tls server
cipher AES-256-CBC
comp-lzo
verb 3

auth SHA1
key-direction 1

reneg-sec 0

redirect-gateway def1


-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----


-----BEGIN OpenVPN Static key V1-----
...
-----END OpenVPN Static key V1-----


-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----


-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
...
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

**Intent** I am trying to connect to a VPN at a remote location, from home. The remote network is protected by a firewall facing the internet, all computers on the network behind the router is accessible, the 192.168.7.* network is standard Ubuiquity and used for VPN clients, I have added a firewall rule to allow traffic from 192.168.7.* to the 192.168.1.* network, this works fine from all computers I have tried it with, Mac, PC, Windows, Linux, MacOS. etc. except a PC running NetBSD. The network configuration on the PC running NetBSD was performed during installation, and I used the auto-configuration feature, so I have not specified any networks, routes or rules at all. I am able to access the internet when using OpenVPN client, I just cannot access any of the machines on the remote network. So I guess the part I am missing is the routing from 192.168.7.* to 192.168.1.* so I will be able to access computers attached to that network

I'm debugging the NetBSD kernel with gdb, but I would like to be able to display information about the memory region an address is in. I'm mainly interested in finding out the permissions of a page of memory, along with the size of the region it is enclosed in (if the latter part of that question makes sense). Does the kernel have a concept of memory regions in kernel space? i.e. a contiguous block of pages (virtual addresses) reserved for a specific purpose (which is kept track of somewhere)? Or is it down to each specific module to keep track of which blocks of memory belong to a logical group? Here's an example of what I'm looking for:

(gdb) addressinfo 0xffffffff80e1000

                Start                End    Offset    Perm     Size
    0xffffffff80e0000  0xffffffff80e2000    0x1000    r--p     0x2000

I don't mind adding a hook to the kernel for a GDB script to output this information, if this functionality does not exist. At the minimum it would be useful to add a hook for GDB scripts to view the page permissions.

I have create a disk image on netbsd newfs -F -s 10G 1.img How to mount it? I have tried "nodev" but give error and try to mount /mnt/p2 mount -v -o nodev /home/user/1.img /mnt/p2

Simple question: On Fedora, i want to search mplayer.. dnf provides *bin/mplayer on Debian apt -y install apt-file apt-file update apt-file search mplayer|grep bin on Freebsd pkg install -y pkg-provides pkg provides -u pkg provides *bin/mplayer$ Anything similar on netbsd? Actually seems no similar tool exist.

Simple question, today making iostat on netbsd machine I see..

iostat 2 3
          tty              ld0               ld1               dk0               dk1               dk2               dk3               dk4               cd0             CPU
     tin  tout  KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s   KB/t  t/s  MB/s  us ni sy in id

---explanation--- ld0 is the first virtio hd ld1 is the second virtio hd cd0 is the first SATA cdrom what is dk1-4?

I'm experimenting with podman under NetBSD and want to mount a host directory into the container. * According to this answer I did:

-shell
    podman machine init -v ~/podman/volumes/:/mnt/podman tpvm
    podman machine start tpvm

* Now I would expect that

-shell
    podman machine ssh tpvm 'ls /mnt'

shows me the podman directory, but it did not. * I continue with:

-shell
    podman run -ti --rm -v ~/podman/volumes/:/mnt/podman busybox

and I get:

Error: statfs /home/thomas/podman/volumes: no such file or directory

* However:

-shell
    ll  /home/thomas/podman/volumes
    total 1.5K
    drwxr-xr-x  3 thomas  users  512B Nov 16 16:20 .
    drwxr-xr-x  4 thomas  users  512B Nov 16 16:20 ..
    drwxr-xr-x  2 thomas  users  512B Nov 17 15:56 posgres

There is a MAC related thread here , and I also tried this idea but always get the same error. Any ideas what went wrong? P.S.: I also checked the output of --log-level=debug of the above commands, but got nothing useful for this case.

I've done a "Minimal" installation of NetBSD 9.3 from the ISO image, just to examine the behavior of one particular command (mktemp) as it differs from Linux. I'm not seeing man pages for… really anything; not even man man works. Cursory searches of the [Guide](https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/) , [r/NetBSD on Reddit](https://old.reddit.com/r/NetBSD/search?q=man+page&restrict_sr=on) , and [the netbsd-users mailing list archives](https://marc.info/?l=netbsd-users&w=2&r=1&s=man+page&q=b) have not turned up anything helpful. I also ran pkgin search man thinking there might be a man-pages or manpages binary package, but all I saw was a package for _Linux_ man pages. How do I get the man pages for the basic, built-in stuff _after_ finishing a "Minimal" installation of NetBSD?

Does FreeBSD, NetBSD, or OpenBSD have an encryption feature like Linux's dm-crypt? And will it work for a system partition?

On a headless Ubuntu 22.04 machine, I'd like to start a headless installation of NetBSD 9.2 in VirtualBox. I have a prepared virtual machine with a set of blank disk images attached, as well as with the bootable NetBSD installation CD attached to the CDROM drive. My idea was to perform the installation over the serial port, using minicom, but I'm unable to get the installation to switch over to use the serial console. I'm starting the machine with

VBoxManage startvm netbsd --type=headless

Then I try to get it to switch over the console to the serial port:

VBoxManage controlvm netbsd keyboardputfile boot.conf

... where boot.conf is a file containing a line of text saying consdev com0, which is what you would type on the NetBSD boot prompt to switch to the serial console. I know NetBSD's serial console is set up to use 9600 8N1, which is what I have minicom configured to use, and I have set up the serial port on the virtual machine like so:

UART 1:                      I/O base: 0x03f8, IRQ: 4, attached to pipe (server) '/tmp/netbsd.pipe', 16550A

I start minicom using

minicom -D 'unix#/tmp/netbsd.pipe'

I successfully use the serial console on another virtual machine in an identical way, and I can see the status in minicom switch from "Offline" to "Online" as soon as the NetBSD machine turns on, but there is no output in minicom. Can anyone see what the issue is and how I would go about fixing it? I know the alternative would be to PXE boot the machine, but I was hoping to be able to avoid doing that (as I don't netboot anything else at the moment).

macOS has its "osascript" with "display notification", Linux has its "notify-send". Both are the most native way to generate DE notifications. What is the most native way to generate desktop notification in BSD unixes?

I have access to just *nix systems. Either NetBSD and/or bare Linux-based OS. So my question comes from the fact that ADB is not widely available on all platforms, if so is very hard to install or obtain (having access to internet, get super user access, etc). Anyways, RNDIS functionality is already offered by almost all Android devices. Allowing the phone to become a "router" will give me the option to use netcat because I can just set up a "server" and get/receive files bidirectionally, without the need of getting ADB involved. Like this:

NetBSD
dhcpcd -n urndis0

Linux
udhcpd -i usb0

That will give me an IP within a subnet set up by Android. Something like: 192.168.32.225/24 So, essentially the phone acts as a router, giving my *nix computer an IP belonging to a subnet set up by the phone itself. I would like to just open a port on my localhost 127.0.0.1 with netcat and just transfer files. Something like this:

On Android device:
busybox nc -v -w3 -l -p 3838

On *nix system (Linux in the example below):
nc -v -w3 **(upper higher loopdevice outside subnetted network) 127.0.0.24** 3838

And be able to access the "higher" network/loopdevice already existing within Android's own local network. Let's assume the Android phone is another host sharing it's connection and assigning a subnet IP to my computer for that matter so my \*nix box can access the internet: **My question is then: Can I use the the IP (which is within a subnet) provided by the RNDIS interface of the Android phone to access the local network of the phone itself with just standard tools in \*nix?** **Solution** @Frédéric Loyer Thank you very much! Wonderful, with this method there is no need for me to get adb on each computer I'm on, most of the time what I got is busybox nc and or ssh. This is perfect, with this I can even ssh into my Android without even needing an active connection on the phone itself, isn't amazing!? Here is what I did.

# This makes my computer to request an IP to my phone.
$sudo udhcpc -i usb0

# Since I got access to busybox-only most of the time, this gives me the IP from the "router" which is the phone.

$route
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         192.168.42.129  0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 usb0
127.0.0.1       *               255.255.255.255 UH    0      0        0 lo
192.168.42.0    *               255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 usb0

# ifconfig output shows me the new IP assigned to usb0 on my computer.

After this is just a matter of ssh'ing onto my phone or open ports with Termux. Amazing! :)

I'm using OpenBSD for quite a while now. All I do, however is go from one release to the next, always just doing an update. I configured the system so it works as my router and firewall, and it works quite well like that. But I never update packages. All I do is just move on to the next release. Coming from the Linux world, I'm used to applying updates a few times a week; but how do I do that on *BSD? - Or is this not part of the *BSD philosophy?

I'm working through examples in APUE. On a NetBSD 9.0 system, under no major load, I time a call to grep and get an unremarkable result:

apue$ cd /usr/include
apue$ time -p grep __POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         0.73
user         0.01
sys          0.63

However, if I repeat the experiment several times, the system time spikes drastically (up to 15x):

apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         0.57
user         0.02
sys          0.54
apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real        10.06
user         0.01
sys         10.04
apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         3.57
user         0.01
sys          3.56
apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         4.58
user         0.00
sys          4.58
apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         5.56
user         0.02
sys          5.53
apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         6.57
user         0.00
sys          6.56
apue$ time -p grep _POSIX_SOURCE */*.h > /dev/null
real         2.56
user         0.01
sys          2.54

Is this expected behavior? What could be causing such wide variance? **Update** Based on the answer given by @Tim, I took a look at my Buffercache, and saw that it was fully allocated at 100% when grep was struggling with my search. After restarting the VM, the buffer usage had dropped down to around 95%.

$ sysstat bufcache
                    /0   /1   /2   /3   /4   /5   /6   /7   /8   /9   /10
     Load Average   |

      603 metadata buffers using                5565 kBytes of memory ( 0%).
    15512 pages for cached file data using     62048 kBytes of memory ( 3%).
     3034 pages for executables using          12136 kBytes of memory ( 1%).
     6460 pages for anon (non-file) data       25840 kBytes of memory ( 1%).
   468172 free pages                         1872688 kBytes of memory (93%).

File System          Bufs used   %   kB in use   %  Bufsize kB   %  Util %
/                          577  95        5378  97        5418  97      99

Total:                     577  95        5378  97        5418  97      99

I'm reviewing man(2) pages on NetBSD 9, and have seen that all of the documents (write(2), open(2), pipe(2)) mention the Standard C Library at the top. My understanding was that system calls were independent of library functions (such as those in libc). I don't see a similar mention in the Linux System call Manual. Does this mean that invoking these methods is calling some wrapper function included in libc, instead of directly calling a kernel function? Is this generally true, or just a feature of NetBSD?