This question pertains to Tuxedo laptops (and possibly Clevo, Uniwill, or Tongfang laptops, which Tuxedo systems appear to be based on). Tuxedo provides official support for Windows and Linux, but I'm particularly interested in BSD. For reference, my specific laptop model is the Tuxedo Gemini 15 Gen 2. The issue I'm experiencing is that the fans are controlled by the embedded controller (EC), which by default does not spin the fans adequately. Updating the EC firmware hasn't resolved the problem. As a result, the laptop runs hot, and I'm concerned that prolonged operation under these conditions may degrade the hardware. - The EC does not have pre-programmed fan profiles that the software selects. - The driver writes a desired fan speed directly as an 8-bit integer (255 being full speed and 0 being off). - On Linux, a daemon communicates with the driver via IOCTL, and the driver communicates with the EC through ACPI. What options are available to enable proper fan control on BSD operating systems (specifically OpenBSD or FreeBSD) without having to write my own driver?

Does anyone know if there is an elegant way to tell an external usb drive not to spin down after a period of inactivity? I've seen cron based solutions that write a file every minute, but nothing that smells of nice unixey elegance. There must be a hdparm, or scsi command that I can issue (usb drives are accessed via the sd driver in OpenBSD) to the drive to tell it to not sleep. I'm afraid that this is probably a *feature* built into the controller in the enclosure, and as such not much can change it aside from ripping the drive out of it's enclosure and plopping it directly in the machine, but I figured I would ask, on the off chance. Ideally, I'm looking for an OpenBSD solution, but I know there are others out there w/the same problem so any solutions will be considered for the answer.

I am using OpenBSD 7.7. So I know that procfs is not mounted on /proc, and I need to use sysctl to fetch process maps. But this fails as I am not running as a root user. The secure level is set to 1 so that is why I can't use sysctl without root. But even procmap is not permitted as a root user. Is there any way I can fetch the process maps without root?

I'm exporting a filesystem from Ubuntu 22.04.5 via /etc/exports:

/mnt/exportTest/ 192.168.129.8(rw,async,no_root_squash)

and mount this filesystem on OpenBSD 7.7 in /etc/fstab:

192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ /mnt/exportTest nfs    rw,tcp,soft 0 0

the mount works well and I get:

root@bsdHost> ~# mount
...
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)

Within the filesystem there is a folder ssl-cert:

root@ubuntuHost:/mnt/exportTest# ls -aln
total 11
drwxr-xr-x  3 0   0  3 Jun 23 08:09 .
drwxr-xr-x 10 0   0 10 Jun 23 08:07 ..
drwxrwx---  2 0 114  2 Jun 23 08:09 ssl-cert

the folder looks like this on the OpenBSD host:

root@bsdHost> /mnt/exportTest# ls -aln
total 8
drwxr-xr-x  3 0  0      3 Jun 23 08:09 .
drwxr-xr-x  5 0  0    512 Jun 23 08:15 ..
drwxrwx---  2 0  114    2 Jun 23 08:09 ssl-cert

There is a user _openldap on the OpenBSD host who is a member of the group 114:

root@bsdHost> /mnt/exportTest# id -G _openldap
544 114

In my opinion, this user should be able to read the folder /mnt/exportTest/ssl-cert/, but:

root@bsdHost> ~# su - _openldap
No home directory /nonexistent!
Logging in with home = "/".
bsdHost$ ls /mnt/exportTest/ssl-cert/
ls: /mnt/exportTest/ssl-cert/: Permission denied

What also confuses me is, that the filesystem can be mounted multiple times:

root@bsdHost> ~# mount /mnt/exportTest/
nfs server 192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/: not responding
nfs server 192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/: is alive again
root@bsdHost> ~# mount /mnt/exportTest/
root@bsdHost> ~# mount /mnt/exportTest/
root@bsdHost> ~# mount /mnt/exportTest/
root@bsdHost> ~# mount /mnt/exportTest/
root@bsdHost> ~# mount /mnt/exportTest/
nfs server 192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/: not responding
nfs server 192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/: is alive again
root@bsdHost> ~# mount
...
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)
192.168.130.2:/mnt/exportTest/ on /mnt/exportTest type nfs (v3, tcp, soft, timeo=100)

I just installed OpenBSD 6.3 on a Dell Optiplex G620 with 4 gigs of RAM, a USB keyboard and a USB mouse. The keyboard and mouse work until I log in. When the X Windows screen comes up, I get a computer icon in the bottom left corner, a graphic of my consoles in the bottom right and an xterm window in the top left corner, with the correct prompt. Then the keyboard and the mouse go dead. The cursor in the xterm window doesn’t flash. - The first problem is just to get access to type so I can fix the settings files. - The second problem is recognizing which files change drastically between login and the first console. To clarify: this happened the first time I booted the computer after installing OpenBSD and every time since.

I am trying my hand at learning multibooting, so far my target PC has Antix-Linux ext4 on one partition, FreeBSD UFS on another, ExFat common data on a 3rd, Target PC has been partitioned with GPARTED and GPT partitioning scheme as under: My PC has BIOS not UEFI.

/dev/sda1 - 1 GB - fat32 - flags - boot, esp
 /dev/sda2 - 3 GB - flags - linux-swap
 /dev/sda3 - 15 GB - ext4 - Antix_Linux
 /dev/sda4 - 250 GB - exfat
 /dev/sda5 - 15 GB - freebsd_UFS
 /dev/sda6 - 0.5 GB - openbsd boot (formerly type 'EF' now type '0D')
 /dev/sda7 - rest space 15 GB -openbsd 'A6' type UFS

1] OpenBSD with Ventoy - installed from the install77.iso file, downloaded filesets from http since it did not read from cd0 or disk, got stuck at installboot. Then it was showing error EFI device busy, and since I don't have EFI, I changed the /dev/sda6from type EF to 0D(boot bios) and installboot successfully completed. Then I rebooted, and trying to add a menuentry in 40_custom grub file in Antix-Linux, whose grub boots the system, but update-grub is showing warning discarded incorrectly nested partition hostdisk/dev/sda,gpt7,bsd(1-14) May you please extend your help in these cases. Regards.

I'm trying to replace Apache with OpenBSDs httpd but can't figure out what to do with my ProxyPass statements. In apaches conf it looks like this ProxyPass /someurl http://192.168.123.123/someotherurl ProxyPassReverse /someurl http://192.168.123.123/someotherurl - I thought I should use relayd for this, but how do I do the URL rewrite? - Would I set up relayd to listen on port 80 and forward some things to different internal machines and the rest to httpd on localhost?

I have a hosted VPS running OpenBSD 7.6. It provides services on the private network (vio1) via requests sent from a reverse proxy on that network. The initial networking configuration was created by the installer, with inet autoconf being the configuration of hostname.vio0 and hostname.vio1 configured as below. I am working on adding new services that require the server to send requests from the same public IP address that requests are received on. I have successfully configured the reverse proxy server such that the server can use the reverse proxy on vio1 as the default gateway, but I would prefer to still have direct SSH access to the server on vio0. I have attempted many different configurations, and the server does not respond on vio0 using TCP or ICMP for any of them.

$ cat /etc/hostname.vio0
inet 203.0.113.55 0xffffff00
!route add 203.0.113.55 203.0.113.1

$ cat /etc/hostname.vio1
inet 172.16.27.15 0xffff0000

$ cat /etc/mygate
172.16.23.14

$ route -n show -inet
Routing tables

Internet:
Destination        Gateway            Flags   Refs      Use   Mtu  Prio Iface
default            172.16.23.14       UGS        5    33230     -     8 vio1 
224/4              127.0.0.1          URS        0        0 32768     8 lo0  
127/8              127.0.0.1          UGRS       0        0 32768     8 lo0  
127.0.0.1          127.0.0.1          UHhl       1        2 32768     1 lo0  
172.16/16          172.16.27.5        UCn        2       76     -     4 vio1 
172.16.8.18        00:16:61:69:44:2d  UHLc       0       79     -     3 vio1 
172.16.23.14       00:16:2c:9a:37:a5  UHLch      1       69     -     3 vio1 
172.16.27.15       00:16:a9:ad:ce:dd  UHL1       0       42     -     1 vio1 
172.16.255.255     172.16.27.15       UHb        0        0     -     1 vio1 
203.0.113/24       203.0.113.55       UCn        1        0     -     4 vio0 
203.0.113.1        00:16:69:c6:98:13  UHLch      1       34     -     3 vio0 
203.0.113.55       00:16:31:cb:96:41  UHL1       0       33     -     1 vio0
203.0.113.55       203.0.113.1        UGHS       0        0     -     0 vio0 
203.0.113.255      203.0.113.55       UHb        0        0     -     1 vio0

$ ifconfig vio           
vio0: flags=2008843 mtu 1500
	lladdr 00:16:31:cb:96:41
	index 1 priority 0 llprio 3
	media: Ethernet autoselect
	status: active
	inet 203.0.113.55 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 203.0.113.255
vio1: flags=2008843 mtu 1500
	lladdr 00:16:a9:ad:ce:dd
	index 2 priority 0 llprio 3
	groups: egress
	media: Ethernet autoselect
	status: active
	inet 172.16.27.15 netmask 0xffff0000 broadcast 172.16.255.255

$ doas cat /etc/pf.conf
ext_if = "vio0"
int_if = "vio1"
admin = "192.0.2.20"

set skip on lo

block in quick on $ext_if from urpf-failed

pass in quick on $ext_if proto tcp from $admin to port ssh

block all
pass out on $ext_if all
pass out on $int_if all

pass inet proto icmp-type 3 code 4
pass inet proto icmp-type 8 code 0
pass inet proto icmp-type 11 code 0

# By default, do not permit remote connections to X11
block return in on ! lo0 proto tcp to port 6000:6010

# Port build user does not need network
block return out log proto {tcp udp} user _pbuild

The hosting ISP can assign the public IP address using DHCP, but also provides the resolver IP address and the following networking information for the instance in their dashboard: IP address: 203.0.113.55
Netmask/Bitmask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 203.0.113.1
What am I missing?

I installed OpenBSD and then proceeded to download firefox using the PKG_PATH environment. It worked and seemed to run reasonably well but then, wanting to try another browser, I deleted firefox using pkg_delete (which of course wasn't necessary). I now find myself unable to download any browser as for some reason the system now doesn't recognize any ftp server I try to connect to. Every time I try to using 'export PKG_PATH', I get the message 'no such directory'. Any hints at what happened and what I might do ?

I am trying to install OpenBSD on HP Chromebook 11 G4 with CoreBoot (UEFI) installed through MrChromeBox firmware-util script. During the initial boot prompt (when you see the boot>) I can easily type anything there (like entering into User Kernel Config with boot -c for example). But after loading the installation program each time I press any key, and I mean literally any key including power button or enter, I need to wait for 1-2 seconds before chromebook responds. What is even worse is that each key-press is recorded/recognized multiple times. I have already found that setting kern.timecounter.hardware=acpihpet0 using sysctl can help but unfortunately I can't get past installation (typing "done" is not an option and it is required in some places because of failed load of initial iwm0 firmware) I know it might be the tip of an iceberg but I would like to begin with fixing the key-presses issue during an installation process. Since this suppose to be a question there should be at least one question mark. Is there any way to set kern.timecounter.hardware=acpihpet0 from UKC or any other way to fix each key being pressed multiple times during installation ? As a side note: from I can see most things during boot are not configured (like acpicpu at acpi0 not configured or Intel Bay Trail LPC .... not configured. Oh and I have already tried using an external keyboard with no luck since it does not work during installation program for some reason. Update: Just to preempt question since I did not mention this in the original question. The installation program does not detect any disk except for the build-in emmc. If it was not for this I could simply install the OpenBSD with autoinstall (multiple "a" count as 1 in that particular prompt and naming the response file like "bbbbb" works). Because of the above and the fact there is only wireless connection build-in I can't get sets necessary to finish the installation. I've managed to get past disk layout stage but there is nowhere I can get the sets from since the installation medium is also unavailable. Update 2: I have managed to install OpenBSD via Linux MX live usb with virtualbox installed. Sadly the keyboard is still not working. Any external usb device is not recognized either. When I press the power button I can see there is an info with something like:

pckbc timeout

I will keep this question updated.

I have created software raid5 using mdadm in Debian Linux. Now I want to switch to OpenBSD and interested if I will be able to mount my raid5 under new system?

* OpenBSD 7.6 fresh install * Choosing "no" as keyboard encoding during install - working * Keyboard connected via KVM * Reboot -> login prompt * At login prompt; when pressing any key, the system recognizes the USB keyboard * Able to login, but with different/standard keyboard encoding (UK/US) After login, keyboard encoding successfully changed using

and I've updated

/etc/wsconsctl.conf

accordingly (

.encoding=no

), however, when I reboot, the keyboard encoding settings seems to be lost. Any way to make the keyboard encodings stick, regardless of which keyboards are connected when, during boot? Running on a Dell PowerEdge R210 II. dmesg:

OpenBSD 7.6 (GENERIC.MP) #338: Mon Sep 30 08:55:35 MDT 2024
    deraadt@amd64.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/amd64/compile/GENERIC.MP
real mem = 8539275264 (8143MB)
avail mem = 8257208320 (7874MB)
random: good seed from bootblocks
mpath0 at root
scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets
mainbus0 at root
bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 2.7 @ 0xe66c0 (57 entries)
bios0: vendor Dell Inc. version "2.10.0" date 05/24/2018
bios0: Dell Inc. PowerEdge R210 II
acpi0 at bios0: ACPI 4.0
acpi0: sleep states S0 S4 S5
acpi0: tables DSDT FACP SPMI ASF! HPET APIC MCFG BOOT SSDT ASPT SSDT SPCR HEST ERST BERT EINJ
acpi0: wakeup devices P0P1(S4) GLAN(S0) EHC1(S4) EHC2(S4) XHC_(S4) RP01(S5) PXSX(S4) RP02(S5) PXSX(S4) RP03(S5) PXSX(S4) RP04(S5) PXSX(S4) RP05(S5) PXSX(S4) RP06(S5) [...]
acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 24 bits
acpihpet0 at acpi0: 14318179 Hz
acpimadt0 at acpi0 addr 0xfee00000: PC-AT compat
cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor)
cpu0: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E31220 @ 3.10GHz, 1596.40 MHz, 06-2a-07, patch 0000002f
cpu0: cpuid 1 edx=bfebfbff ecx=17bae3ff
cpu0: cpuid 6 eax=75 ecx=9
cpu0: cpuid 7.0 edx=9c000400
cpu0: cpuid a vers=3, gp=8, gpwidth=48, ff=3, ffwidth=48
cpu0: cpuid d.1 eax=1
cpu0: cpuid 80000001 edx=28100800 ecx=1
cpu0: cpuid 80000007 edx=100
cpu0: MELTDOWN
cpu0: 32KB 64b/line 8-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 256KB 64b/line 8-way L2 cache, 8MB 64b/line 16-way L3 cache
cpu0: smt 0, core 0, package 0
mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support, 10 var ranges, 88 fixed ranges
cpu0: apic clock running at 99MHz
cpu0: mwait min=64, max=64, C-substates=0.2.1.1, IBE
cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 2 (application processor)
cpu1: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E31220 @ 3.10GHz, 1596.42 MHz, 06-2a-07, patch 0000002f
cpu1: smt 0, core 1, package 0
cpu2 at mainbus0: apid 4 (application processor)
cpu2: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E31220 @ 3.10GHz, 1596.41 MHz, 06-2a-07, patch 0000002f
cpu2: smt 0, core 2, package 0
cpu3 at mainbus0: apid 6 (application processor)
cpu3: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E31220 @ 3.10GHz, 1596.42 MHz, 06-2a-07, patch 0000002f
cpu3: smt 0, core 3, package 0
ioapic0 at mainbus0: apid 0 pa 0xfec00000, version 20, 24 pins
acpimcfg0 at acpi0
acpimcfg0: addr 0xe0000000, bus 0-255
acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0)
acpiprt1 at acpi0: bus 2 (P0P1)
acpiprt2 at acpi0: bus 1 (RP01)
acpiprt3 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP02)
acpiprt4 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP03)
acpiprt5 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP04)
acpiprt6 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP05)
acpiprt7 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP06)
acpiprt8 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP07)
acpiprt9 at acpi0: bus -1 (RP08)
acpiprt10 at acpi0: bus -1 (PEG0)
acpiprt11 at acpi0: bus -1 (PEG1)
acpiprt12 at acpi0: bus -1 (PEG2)
acpiprt13 at acpi0: bus -1 (PEG3)
acpipci0 at acpi0 PCI0: 0x00000010 0x00000011 0x00000000
"IPI0001" at acpi0 not configured
acpicmos0 at acpi0
"PNP0A05" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0A05" at acpi0 not configured
com0 at acpi0 UAR3 addr 0x3f8/0x8 irq 4: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
com1 at acpi0 UAR4 addr 0x2f8/0x8 irq 3: ns16550a, 16 byte fifo
"PNP0C14" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0C0B" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0C0B" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0C0B" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0C0B" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0C0B" at acpi0 not configured
acpicpu0 at acpi0: C3(350@104 mwait.1@0x20), C2(500@80 mwait.1@0x10), C1(1000@1 mwait.1)
acpicpu1 at acpi0: C3(350@104 mwait.1@0x20), C2(500@80 mwait.1@0x10), C1(1000@1 mwait.1)
acpicpu2 at acpi0: C3(350@104 mwait.1@0x20), C2(500@80 mwait.1@0x10), C1(1000@1 mwait.1)
acpicpu3 at acpi0: C3(350@104 mwait.1@0x20), C2(500@80 mwait.1@0x10), C1(1000@1 mwait.1)
acpipwrres0 at acpi0: FN00, resource for FAN0
acpipwrres1 at acpi0: FN01, resource for FAN1
acpipwrres2 at acpi0: FN02, resource for FAN2
acpipwrres3 at acpi0: FN03, resource for FAN3
acpipwrres4 at acpi0: FN04, resource for FAN4
acpitz0 at acpi0: critical temperature is 95 degC
ipmi at mainbus0 not configured
cpu0: using VERW MDS workaround (except on vmm entry)
pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0
pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 "Intel Xeon E3-1200 Host" rev 0x09
ehci0 at pci0 dev 26 function 0 "Intel 6 Series USB" rev 0x04: apic 0 int 20
usb0 at ehci0: USB revision 2.0
uhub0 at usb0 configuration 1 interface 0 "Intel EHCI root hub" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 1
ppb0 at pci0 dev 28 function 0 "Intel 6 Series PCIE" rev 0xb4: msi
pci1 at ppb0 bus 1
bnx0 at pci1 dev 0 function 0 "Broadcom BCM5716" rev 0x20: apic 0 int 16
bnx1 at pci1 dev 0 function 1 "Broadcom BCM5716" rev 0x20: apic 0 int 17
ehci1 at pci0 dev 29 function 0 "Intel 6 Series USB" rev 0x04: apic 0 int 23
usb1 at ehci1: USB revision 2.0
uhub1 at usb1 configuration 1 interface 0 "Intel EHCI root hub" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 1
ppb1 at pci0 dev 30 function 0 "Intel 82801BA Hub-to-PCI" rev 0xa4
pci2 at ppb1 bus 2
vga1 at pci2 dev 3 function 0 "Matrox MGA G200eW" rev 0x0a
wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)
wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)
pcib0 at pci0 dev 31 function 0 "Intel C202 LPC" rev 0x04
ahci0 at pci0 dev 31 function 2 "Intel 6 Series AHCI" rev 0x04: msi, AHCI 1.3
ahci0: port 0: 3.0Gb/s
ahci0: port 1: 3.0Gb/s
ahci0: port 4: 1.5Gb/s
scsibus1 at ahci0: 32 targets
sd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0:  naa.5000cca223e4d90f
sd0: 1907729MB, 512 bytes/sector, 3907029168 sectors
sd1 at scsibus1 targ 1 lun 0:  naa.5000cca223e4e7a9
sd1: 1907729MB, 512 bytes/sector, 3907029168 sectors
cd0 at scsibus1 targ 4 lun 0:  removable
ichiic0 at pci0 dev 31 function 3 "Intel 6 Series SMBus" rev 0x04: apic 0 int 19
iic0 at ichiic0
sdtemp0 at iic0 addr 0x19: mcp98243
sdtemp1 at iic0 addr 0x1b: mcp98243
spdmem0 at iic0 addr 0x51: 4GB DDR3 SDRAM ECC PC3-12800 with thermal sensor
spdmem1 at iic0 addr 0x53: 4GB DDR3 SDRAM ECC PC3-12800 with thermal sensor
isa0 at pcib0
isadma0 at isa0
pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 irq 1 irq 12
pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61
spkr0 at pcppi0
uhub2 at uhub0 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "Intel Rate Matching Hub" rev 2.00/0.00 addr 2
uhub3 at uhub1 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "Intel Rate Matching Hub" rev 2.00/0.00 addr 2
uhub4 at uhub3 port 2 configuration 1 interface 0 "QinHeng Electronics WCH.CN" rev 2.00/9.00 addr 3
uhub4: port 2 reset failed
uhub5 at uhub3 port 5 configuration 1 interface 0 "Standard Microsystems product 0x2514" rev 2.00/0.00 addr 4
vscsi0 at root
scsibus2 at vscsi0: 256 targets
softraid0 at root
scsibus3 at softraid0: 256 targets
sd2 at scsibus3 targ 1 lun 0: 
sd2: 1907728MB, 512 bytes/sector, 3907028576 sectors
root on sd2a (6824914e7e7bf790.a) swap on sd2b dump on sd2b
bnx0: address d0:67:e5:f1:a3:f3
brgphy0 at bnx0 phy 1: BCM5709, rev. 8
bnx1: address d0:67:e5:f1:a3:f4
brgphy1 at bnx1 phy 1: BCM5709, rev. 8
uhidev0 at uhub4 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "PixArt HP USB Optical Mouse" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 5
uhidev0: iclass 3/1
ums0 at uhidev0: 3 buttons, Z dir
wsmouse0 at ums0 mux 0
uhidev1 at uhub4 port 2 configuration 1 interface 0 "PixArt HP USB Optical Mouse" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 6
uhidev1: iclass 3/1
ums1 at uhidev1: 3 buttons, Z dir
wsmouse1 at ums1 mux 0
wsmouse0 detached
ums0 detached
uhidev0 detached
uhidev0 at uhub4 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "CHICONY HP Basic USB Keyboard" rev 2.00/1.30 addr 5
uhidev0: iclass 3/1
ukbd0 at uhidev0: 8 variable keys, 6 key codes
wskbd0 at ukbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
umass0 at uhub5 port 2 configuration 1 interface 0 "General UDisk" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 7
umass0: using SCSI over Bulk-Only
scsibus4 at umass0: 2 targets, initiator 0
sd3 at scsibus4 targ 1 lun 0:  removable
sd3: 1900MB, 512 bytes/sector, 3891200 sectors
sd3 detached
scsibus4 detached
umass0 detached
umass0 at uhub5 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0 "General UDisk" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 7
umass0: using SCSI over Bulk-Only
scsibus4 at umass0: 2 targets, initiator 0
sd3 at scsibus4 targ 1 lun 0:  removable
sd3: 1900MB, 512 bytes/sector, 3891200 sectors
sd3 detached
scsibus4 detached
umass0 detached
umass0 at uhub5 port 2 configuration 1 interface 0 "General UDisk" rev 2.00/1.00 addr 7
umass0: using SCSI over Bulk-Only
scsibus4 at umass0: 2 targets, initiator 0
sd3 at scsibus4 targ 1 lun 0:  removable
sd3: 1900MB, 512 bytes/sector, 3891200 sectors

The sd3 mumbo at the bottom is just part of my dmesg transfer.

I've been reading up on some Unix history and got interested into the csh because it's installed by default on OpenBSD. In the csh manpage it had a reference to "W Joy - An Introduction to the C shell", which I could get a hold of. Therein, in Chapter 1.3 it explains simple file redirection and makes an example, quite perplexing to me: > The system normally keeps files which you create with ‘>’ and all other files. Thus the default is for files to be permanent. If you wish to create a file which will be removed automatically, you can begin its name with a ‘#’ character, this ‘scratch’ character denotes the fact that the file will be a scratch file.* The system will remove such files after a couple of days, or sooner if file space becomes very tight. Thus, in running the date command above, we don’t really want to save the output forever, so we would more likely do > > date > #now Now I never heard of a scratch file. Is this a long forgotten thing? Does it still work today? Is it just disabled? When will it get deleted (couple days?)? by what (cron?)? I've run the command on an OpenBSD and on a Linux System (date > '#now' because its a comment in /bin/sh), but I can't wait (or might just answer myself in a "couple days"). Does anybody know more about this, preferably some more history. I couldn't find anything from few a quick searches. Thanks in advance!

Can someone please describe, for a non-programmer, but IT person, what is pledge ? Ex.: there is a program, ex.: "xterm". How can pledge make it more secure? It pledge inside the programs code, or outside in the OS itself? Where is pledge? Is it in the programs code; or does the OS has a list of binaries that can only invoke xy syscalls?

I am playing with llama.cpp on OpenBSD-current. The program has a --mlock flag to force loading the model into physical memory (i.e. disable mmap). However, running as a non-root user gives warning: failed to mlock 730202112-byte buffer (after previously locking 0 bytes): Resource temporarily unavailable despite the system having 64GiB memory installed. I suspect this is a ulimit problem, since "Maximum size that may be locked into memory" is only 87381kB, and I cannot increase it as a non-root user.

$ ulimit -a
Maximum size of core files created                         (kB, -c) unlimited
Maximum size of a process’s data segment                   (kB, -d) 4194304
Maximum size of files created by the shell                 (kB, -f) unlimited
Maximum size that may be locked into memory                (kB, -l) 87381
Maximum resident set size                                  (kB, -m) 64901696
Maximum number of open file descriptors                        (-n) 128
Maximum stack size                                         (kB, -s) 8192
Maximum amount of CPU time in seconds                 (seconds, -t) unlimited
Maximum number of processes available to current user          (-u) 1310

$ ulimit -l unlimited
ulimit: Permission denied when changing resource of type 'Maximum size that may be locked into memory'

The obvious approach is to su - and ulimit -l unlimited, but then I have to run llama.cpp as root, which is probably not a good idea. How can I increase ulimit -l for a non-root user?

I am using OpenBSD-current. After doas pkg_add fish, I ran chsh -s $(which fish) to change the default shell of my user qys to fish, and it works:

$ /usr/bin/ssh magicbane
Last login: Wed Aug 21 11:17:12 on ttyp0 from 100.94.151.103
OpenBSD 7.6-beta (GENERIC.MP) #270: Tue Aug 20 10:51:30 MDT 2024

Welcome to OpenBSD: The proactively secure Unix-like operating system.

Please use the sendbug(1) utility to report bugs in the system.
Before reporting a bug, please try to reproduce it with the latest
version of the code.  With bug reports, please try to ensure that
enough information to reproduce the problem is enclosed, and if a
known fix for it exists, include that as well.

You have new mail.
Welcome to fish, the friendly interactive shell
Type help for instructions on how to use fish
qys@magicbane ~> echo $SHELL
/usr/local/bin/fish

However,

$ /usr/bin/ssh magicbane 'echo $SHELL'
/bin/sh

I wonder why this didn't give me /usr/local/bin/fish? This is not a problem itself, but I suspect it has something to do with this issue that I'm trying to solve.

I hope this message finds you well. I am writing to you because I am attempting to format and partition a drive in OpenBSD but have been met with the following message:

virtual-server# fdisk /dev/sd1c        
fdisk: /dev/sd1c is not a character device
virtual-server# lsblk
NAME   SIZE TYPE   COMMENT          
sd0     50G SCSI   Block Device     
├─sd0a 1.0G 4.2BSD /                
├─sd0b 1.2G swap                    
├─sd0c  50G unused                  
├─sd0d 3.2G 4.2BSD /tmp             
├─sd0e 5.1G 4.2BSD /var             
├─sd0f 5.3G 4.2BSD /usr             
├─sd0g 1.0G 4.2BSD /usr/X11R6       
├─sd0h 6.8G 4.2BSD /usr/local       
├─sd0i 2.2G 4.2BSD /usr/src         
├─sd0j 6.0G 4.2BSD /usr/obj         
└─sd0k  17G 4.2BSD /home            
sd1    100G SCSI   Block Device     
└─sd1c 100G unused                  
virtual-server#

What does fdisk: /dev/sd1c is not a character device mean? I cannot find the error listed elsewhere but wanted to better understand what the issue is. Note: lsblk is installed from the package manager .

How can I install OpenBSD on my HP Server using the serial console, without external monitor? I have no monitor in the Datacenter, but I have my Laptop with Debian/GNU/Linux. So far so good. How do you make under OpenBSD a bootable USB stick? To install OpenBSD over the serial console without the need of an external monitor?

I hope this message finds you well.  I am writing because I ran the following in my OpenBSD device and am uncertain why it stops running:

virtual-server# fdisk -e sd1 
Enter 'help' for information
sd1: 1> a
virtual-server#

I thought a was the shortcut for add but perhaps I am mistaken. Did this command do anything? Or perhaps it crashed?

All partitions can have: "rw,nodev,nosuid", only exception is the "/dev" directory (that it cannot have "nodev"). Is there a way that i can partition a new OpenBSD install that all usual mounts would be under "/", with the only exception of "/dev"? So there should be two partitions: "/" and "/dev" - is this possible?