I'm on a 20.04 Ubuntu machine. I've been trying to use a combination of

and

to map AltGr and escape onto my caps-lock key, where a *quick key press* acts as **escape** and a *longer key press* acts as **AltGr**. I believed the desired behavior could be achieved by executing the following:

$ setxkbmap -option lv3:caps_switch
$ xcape -e 'Caps_Lock=Escape' -t 300

Once the setxkbmap command is executed however, the xcape process/daemon no longer makes caps-lock act as escape when tapped. I'm not entirely sure why since the **xcape process is still running**, so I might just simply be oblivious to how setxkbmap works (I tried executing the commands in a different order, with the same result). How would I go about achieving the desired behavior? Why does setxkbmap 'silence' the xcape daemon regardless of whether I execute xcape before/after executing the setxkbmap command?

Using xcape and xmodmap , how does one 1. Make the CAPSLOCK key behave as a SUPER modifier key when pressed in conjunction w/another key. 2. Make the CAPSLOCK key function as the ESCAPE key when pressed on its own.

I use a tiling window manager (xMonad at the moment), and due to this I need a key that acts as the ‘control key’ for window management. Whenever I use a keyboard with Windows/Super/Mod4 keys, I use the left Windows key as that key, while my right Windows key acts as Compose/Multi_key. However, I also have a couple of ([very] old) keyboards that don't have any Windows keys (i.e. they're winkeyless), and there I don't have any key left that I can (comfortably) use as my ‘WM control key’. In the past, because xMonad allowed that, I used Control+Alt as my ‘WM control key (combination)’, but as I noticed after some time, this interferes with (some) Emacs (movement commands), so this isn't an option anymore. Therefore, I thought that I could utilise my Escape key in the following way: * If I hold down Ecs, it acts like Mod4 * If I tap Esc, it acts as Escape AFAIK, holding down Escape doesn't really do anything normally, so I thought it might be a good idea to do it like this. I then tried to achieve this by using xmodmap: clear Mod4 add Mod4 = Super_L Escape What I expected: Super_L still acts as Super, and Escape is now an additional Super. The next step would have been to use xcape to get (some) of the old Escape key behaviour back. What I got (the output of xmodmap): xmodmap: up to 4 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses): shift Shift_L (0x32), Shift_R (0x3e) lock Caps_Lock (0x42) control Control_L (0x25), Control_R (0x69) mod1 Alt_L (0x40), Meta_L (0xcd) mod2 Num_Lock (0x4d), Hyper_L (0xcf) mod3 Scroll_Lock (0x4e), Mode_switch (0xcb) mod4 Escape (0x9), y (0x34), Super_L (0x85), Super_L (0xce) mod5 ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c) What I don't understand: * Why is y suddenly set to Mod4, as well? * Why does Escape still work as Escape (when pressed once) *and* Super (when held down; I noticed this when I tried to test my changes), although at this point I had not used xcape yet. Is this a bug in xmodmap, or am I using xmodmap incorrectly? I suspect it's the latter, but could somebody help me with achieving what I'm trying to do? ***** Further info (hopefully not irrelevant): * My current OS is Arch Linux * I'm open to solutions that use other software, such as xkb, xdotool, etc. * I'm currently using the German QWERTZ layout (i.e. ISO, not ANSI), and sometimes Neo (which, AFAIK is implemented as another variant of the de keymap/layout; see output of localectl below) * I want my solution to work *keyboard*/*hardware independent*: If I change my keyboard, I don't want to have to change any config files. * Before anyone suggests this: Mapping Super to Capslock is not an option, as I sometimes use the Neo layout, which uses Capslock as one of its 3rd layer modifiers, and it's also used for the 5th and 6th layer. This also means that I'd like this solution to be *keyboard layout independent*, as well, so I can easily switch between, e.g. Neo and QWERTZ. * I'm still open to other suggestions. My only demands: No/minimal interference with any other programs (e.g. Emacs or Vim), and the key (combination) to use as my ‘WM control key’ should be located on the left side of my keyboard, because most of the other keys I use to control my WM are on the right side of my keyboard (e.g. h, j, k, l,…). Before any changes, i.e. my current situation, xmodmap outputs: xmodmap: up to 2 keys per modifier, (keycodes in parentheses): shift Shift_L (0x32), Shift_R (0x3e) lock Caps_Lock (0x42) control Control_L (0x25), Control_R (0x69) mod1 Alt_L (0x40), Meta_L (0xcd) mod2 Num_Lock (0x4d), Hyper_L (0xcf) mod3 Scroll_Lock (0x4e), Mode_switch (0xcb) mod4 Super_L (0x85), Super_L (0xce) mod5 ISO_Level3_Shift (0x5c) My current .Xmodmap is: add Mod3 = Scroll_Lock And localectl says: System Locale: LANG=de_DE.UTF-8 LC_COLLATE=C VC Keymap: de-latin1-nodeadkeys X11 Layout: de,de X11 Model: pc105 X11 Variant: nodeadkeys,neo X11 Options: compose:rwin,grp:ctrls_toggle

My keyboard has a backslash key which when shifted is a pipe character. I want to map it in xorg to a Hyper modifier when held, and its default behaviour when pressed. I have added the following code to my .xinitrc:

xmodmap -e "keycode 23 = Hyper_L"
xmodmap -e "keycode any = backslash"
xcape -e "Hyper_L=backslash"

following the example in man xcape It acts as a modifier while held, and backslash when pressed, but when pressed with shift held, a backslash is still sent! Why not a pipe? xev output for backslash as a modifier:

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50265029, (554,460), root:(1426,924),
    state 0x0, keycode 51 (keysym 0xffed, Hyper_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50265325, (554,460), root:(1426,924),
    state 0x40, keycode 38 (keysym 0x61, a), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (61) "a"
    XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (61) "a"
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50265481, (554,460), root:(1426,924),
    state 0x40, keycode 38 (keysym 0x61, a), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (61) "a"
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50265725, (554,460), root:(1426,924),
    state 0x40, keycode 51 (keysym 0xffed, Hyper_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

xev output for backslash as a unshifted key:

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x2400001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50512478, (542,233), root:(1414,697),
    state 0x0, keycode 51 (keysym 0xffed, Hyper_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x2400001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50512598, (542,233), root:(1414,697),
    state 0x40, keycode 51 (keysym 0xffed, Hyper_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x2400001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50512598, (542,233), root:(1414,697),
    state 0x0, keycode 8 (keysym 0x5c, backslash), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (5c) "\"
    XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (5c) "\"
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x2400001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50512598, (542,233), root:(1414,697),
    state 0x0, keycode 8 (keysym 0x5c, backslash), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (5c) "\"
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 29, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248

xev output for shifted backslash:

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50591657, (514,-58), root:(1386,406),
    state 0x0, keycode 50 (keysym 0xffe1, Shift_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50591965, (514,-58), root:(1386,406),
    state 0x1, keycode 51 (keysym 0xffed, Hyper_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XmbLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50592077, (514,-58), root:(1386,406),
    state 0x41, keycode 51 (keysym 0xffed, Hyper_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248

KeyPress event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50592077, (514,-58), root:(1386,406),
    state 0x1, keycode 8 (keysym 0x5c, backslash), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (5c) "\"
    XmbLookupString gives 1 bytes: (5c) "\"
    XFilterEvent returns: False

KeyRelease event, serial 28, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50592078, (514,-58), root:(1386,406),
    state 0x1, keycode 8 (keysym 0x5c, backslash), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 1 bytes: (5c) "\"
    XFilterEvent returns: False

MappingNotify event, serial 29, synthetic NO, window 0x0,
    request MappingKeyboard, first_keycode 8, count 248

KeyRelease event, serial 29, synthetic NO, window 0x1600001,
    root 0x1a5, subw 0x0, time 50592201, (514,-58), root:(1386,406),
    state 0x1, keycode 50 (keysym 0xffe1, Shift_L), same_screen YES,
    XLookupString gives 0 bytes:
    XFilterEvent returns: False

I’ve just created a Kali Linux partition on my MacBook Pro. On Mac OS I used [Karabiner Elements](https://pqrs.org/osx/karabiner/) to remap the right alt key to left arrow because my real left arrow key is broken. Now I want to do the same thing on Kali. To do so I installed [xcape](https://github.com/alols/xcape) . I tried several commands like xcape -e "Alt_R=Left" and xcape -e "Alt_R=leftarrow" but none of them modified the keymapping. I also considered to accomplish the key remapping by modifying the xkb files, but I'm unsure which entries in the files I have to modify. I would appreciate any help on remapping the key.

I use an alternative keyboard layout that uses CapsLock and # as *ISO_Level3_Shift* modifiers.

setxkbmap de koy

I also like using CapsLock as additional Escape key when it's just tapped. This can be easily reached by:

xcape -e "ISO_Level3_Shift=Escape"

But this makes both Level3 modifiers act as Escape. How can I apply xcape only to the left modifier key (labeled CapsLock)?

I am using manjaro i3 and am looking into revamping some of the key mappings I have made. Currently I am using xcape, xmodmap, and setxkbmap commands to remap the following keys: 1. caps to contol when held, escape when pressed 2. swap semi colon and colon I have done this with this setup script: setxkbmap -option 'caps:ctrl_modifier' xcape -e 'Caps_Lock=Escape' xmodmap -e "keycode 47 = colon semicolon" I wanted to ask for some help or advice for the additional changes I am looking to make since I have already broken my key mappings and had to reinstall my os to get back to square one when playing around with the print screen remapping listed below. The changes I am looking to make are the following: 1. print screen --> disable or use as another super key 2. left alt --> mode_switch key 3. escape key --> tilde and backtick 4. original tild and back tick --> backspace 5. backspace --> delete 6. disable home, end, insert, delete keys and map them to run some script 7. mode_switch + h, j, k, l --> additional arrow keys 8. mode_switch + backspace --> home 9. mode_switch + delete --> end What tools should I be using to acccomplish these remappings? Also, if anyone has some similar examples they have used in the past that would be really helpful too! Thanks in advance for any help.

I executed the minimal building directions of [xcape](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/xcape) : $ sudo apt-get install git gcc make pkg-config libx11-dev libxtst-dev libxi-dev $ mkdir xcape $ cd xcape $ git clone https://github.com/alols/xcape.git . $ make But when I press xcape it says xcape: command not found. It errors even when I'm in the xcape folder with a program that seems to be called xcape inside it. Why is this?

What would I need to do if I wanted to execute: chromium & by pressing F+J ? *Preferred requirements:* - Globally accessible across Desktop Environment - Independent of terminal focus or not - Without using modifier hack in other words if F **OR** J is held down, treat it as ALT or SUPER key

I want to remap two keys, not just one. Specifically, I want to: 1. Remap capslock to control and escape, and 2. Remap return/enter to control when it is pressed with another key. Based on the two links above, I managed to remap each key separately using xkb and xcape , but I couldn't figure out how to remap both keys, capslock and enter by merging the two solutions given above. I strictly do not want to use xmodmap as it will loose effect after I reboot my Ubuntu 16.04. Specific code script that accomplishes both tasks 1 and 2 will be appreciated. Those who use vim or emacs's evil-mode appreciate the significance and convenience of having control key at your home row by hitting capslock and enter!

I have really gotten used to the "Simultaneous Vi Mode" functionality of [KeyRemap4MacBook](https://pqrs.org/macosx/keyremap4macbook/) which lets you press and hold the s and d keys simultaneously and then use the h, j, k, and l keys as the arrow keys. When s and d are pressed together, no s or d event is fired, but when I type normally I don't notice any delay problems with hitting s or d individually. How could I recreate this functionality in Linux (specifically RHEL 6.4)? A couple ideas I had: 1. If s+d could be remapped to a modifier, then the keys h,j,k,l+modifier could be mapped accordingly. (The keyboard I am using now does not have any spare modifier keys available to use instead of s+d, plus the point of Simultaneous Vi Mode is to keep all fingers on the home row. CapsLock is already remapped to Control and Escape). 2. Ideally, I would find a way to do this using system settings or something like XKB keyboard which I am using already. If that's not possible, perhaps something similar to the [xcape](https://github.com/alols/xcape) program (which I am using and which lets keys be mapped to different keypress and modifier key symbols) could be written. [xcape](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/xcape) triggers off of key release though, so it would have to be tweaked to keep the s and d keys from being too slow.

I currently have Caps Lock mapped to Ctrl when held and Esc when tapped (for vim) via these commands in .xinitrc setxkbmap -option 'caps:ctrl_modifier' xcape -e 'Caps_Lock=Escape' This works, but leaves me without Caps Lock so I want to remap Esc to Caps Lock. I've tried setting it with xmodmap -e 'keycode 9 = Caps_Lock' but that overrides the mapping on the Caps Lock key as well. Is there any way to achieve these mappings? Caps Lock -> Ctrl and Esc Esc -> Caps Lock

Since it is impossible to make udev rules that affect Xorg settings run on startup , I'd like to replace these with other alternatives. At the moment, I have two primary udev scripts that I've written. The first changes keyboard layout when the keyboard is plugged in or removed, as well as starting xcape . The second slows down the pointer when a specific mouse is plugged in, and also allow input from the mouse to wake the computer up. I'm using (K)ubuntu 13.04. The udev rules and scripts follow, as do the xmodmaps. /etc/udev/rules.d/00-teck.rules: ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="0e6a", ATTR{idProduct}=="030c", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/TECK_connect" ACTION=="remove", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", RUN+="/usr/local/bin/TECK_disconnect" /usr/local/bin/TECK_connect: #!/usr/bin/env bash export DISPLAY=:0.0 cp -f /home/sparhawk/HDD/Computer/Xmodmaps/Xmodmap_for_TECK /home/sparhawk/.Xmodmap sudo -u sparhawk setxkbmap -layout us -variant altgr-intl sudo -u sparhawk xmodmap /home/sparhawk/.Xmodmap sudo -u sparhawk pkill xcape sudo -u sparhawk xcape -e 'Alt_L=Return' && sudo -u sparhawk notify-send "xmodmap" "TECK connected." -i /usr/share/icons/oxygen/48x48/devices/input-keyboard.png --hint=int:transient:1 /usr/local/bin/TECK_disconnect: #!/usr/bin/env bash if [[ lsusb | egrep -c 'Apple, Inc\. Aluminum Keyboard' == 0 ]] && [[ lsusb | egrep -c 'Megawin Technology Co\., Ltd' == 0 ]]; then export DISPLAY=:0.0 cp -f /home/sparhawk/HDD/Computer/Xmodmaps/Xmodmap_for_internal_Dell_keyboard /home/sparhawk/.Xmodmap sudo -u sparhawk setxkbmap -layout us -variant altgr-intl sudo -u sparhawk xmodmap /home/sparhawk/.Xmodmap sudo -u sparhawk pkill xcape fi /etc/udev/rules.d/90-razerwakeup-slowdown.rules: ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTRS{idVendor}=="1532", ATTRS{idProduct}=="0016" RUN+="/bin/sh -c 'echo $env{DEVPATH} | grep -q usb./[^/]*/[^/]*/[^/]*$ && echo enabled > /sys$env{DEVPATH}/../power/wakeup; razer_slowdown'" /usr/local/bin/razer_slowdown: #!/usr/bin/env bash # slow down the tracking speed of a razer mouse. # to check, $ xinput --list-props "Razer Razer DeathAdder"| grep 'Constant Deceleration' # which was originally 1 scriptproper () { sleep 0.5 # perhaps not necessary, but putting it in background is. export DISPLAY=:0.0 sudo -u sparhawk xinput --set-prop "Razer Razer DeathAdder" "Device Accel Constant Deceleration" 3 } scriptproper & ~/HDD/Computer/Xmodmaps/Xmodmap_for_TECK: ! map right blank key to "menu" for KDE. keycode 97 = Menu Menu ! Swap left ctrl and shift keycode 50 = Control_L Control_L keycode 37 = Shift_L Shift_L ! Replace right ctrl with shift keycode 105 = Shift_R Shift_R ! Replace right shift, ' keycode 62 = apostrophe quotedbl keycode 48 = slash question ! Enter to alt keycode 36 = Alt_L Meta_L ! AltGr to Compose !keycode 108 = Multi_key ! AltGr+key keycode 20 = minus underscore minus underscore endash emdash keycode 60 = period greater period greater ellipsis ! Left blank key to AltGr keycode 101 = ISO_Level3_Shift Multi_key ISO_Level3_Shift ! key to the left of ` keycode 94 = Return NoSymbol Return ! Fn+F5 and Fn+F6 control brightness keycode 148 = XF86MonBrightnessDown NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessDown keycode 179 = XF86MonBrightnessUp NoSymbol XF86MonBrightnessUp clear Shift clear Lock clear Control clear Mod1 clear Mod2 clear Mod3 clear Mod4 clear Mod5 add Shift = Shift_L Shift_R add Lock = Caps_Lock add Control = Control_L Control_R add Mod1 = Alt_L add Mod2 = Num_Lock add Mod4 = Super_L Super_R add Mod5 = Mode_switch ISO_Level3_Shift ISO_Level3_Shift ISO_Level3_Shift ~/HDD/Computer/Xmodmaps/Xmodmap_for_internal_Dell_keyboard: ! map right alt to ISO_Level3_Shift (e.g. for compose) keycode 108 = ISO_Level3_Shift Multi_key ! Swap left ctrl and caps lock keycode 66 = Control_L keycode 37 = Caps_Lock ! AltGr+key keycode 20 = minus underscore minus underscore endash emdash keycode 60 = period greater period greater ellipsis keycode 105 = Control_R Multi_key clear Shift clear Lock clear Control clear Mod1 clear Mod2 clear Mod3 clear Mod4 clear Mod5 add Shift = Shift_L Shift_R add Lock = Caps_Lock add Control = Control_L Control_R add Mod1 = Alt_L add Mod2 = Num_Lock add Mod4 = Super_L Super_R add Mod5 = Mode_switch ISO_Level3_Shift ISO_Level3_Shift ISO_Level3_Shift