When I setting up qmk_firmware, it throws

⚠ Detected ModemManager. Please disable it if you are using a Pro-Micro.
Ψ Problems detected, please fix these problems before proceeding.

I've tried both systemctl disable ModemManager.service and sudo mv /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.service /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/org.freedesktop.ModemManager1.service.disabled, but neither works. Also tried to logout and in. Didn't see any logs from this though.

$ systemctl list-dependencies multi-user.target | grep Modem

I was looking down at my keyboard and typed my password in because I thought I had already typed my login name. I pressed Enter, then when it asked for the password I pressed Ctrl+c. Should I take some precautionary measure to make sure the password isn't stored in plain text somewhere or should I change the password? Also this was on a tty on ubuntu server 16.04 LTS.

I've set computer hostname in /etc/hostname a while ago (also there are record in /etc/hosts). Everything worked fine, but recently I've noticed that value of hostname (and /proc/sys/kernel/hostname) changed (to hostname of neighbour computer), although I haven't touched anything related. Value of /etc/hostname remains correct. Which mechanism may cause such change? There are similar problem description , but it doesn't contains any solution.

I wanted to install texmaker the other day but I ran into an issue : it downloaded 500mb but it told me it could not find a few dependencies, for instance Err : 4 http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/t/texlive-bin/texlive-binaries_2022.20220321.62855-5.1_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP : .... 80] I looked it up on the repo, it was there with a different name : http://deb.debian.org/debian/pool/main/t/texlive-bin/texlive-binaries_2022.20220321.62855-5.1+deb12u1_amd64.deb The error suggested that i run the command with --fix-missing and run apt update before, but it didnt work. So i tried to download the file and install it with sudo apt install ./texlive-binaries...+deb12u1_amd64.deb. Then running sudo apt install texmaker still did not found the package as it recognized the version is 5.1+deb12u1_amd64 and not 5.1. I looked it up on google, did not find much, and moved on Overleaf. But today, i ran apt update && apt upgrade, and after i reboot i come to a tty. I am surprised. I found out i can't start gnome with startx or sudo systemctl enable gdm3. It turns out apt updated gnome-shell-common to a deb12u1_amd64 version, and it broke the DE. Now apt lists all the gnome packets as installed automatically and not needed anymore, aswell as bolt, gir1, ibus, ... I am confused, when i run apt install gdm3 it tells me gnome-shell depends on gnome-shell-common = 43.4-1 but 43.6-1~deb12u1 will be installed. Impossible to fix the problem. I looked up /etc/apt/sources.list but everything seems fine :

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm flags
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm flags

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security  bookworm-security flags
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security  bookworm-security flags

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm-updates flags
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm-updates flags

where flags is main non-free-firmware non-free contrib. Also in source.list.d I have vscodium.list which contains deb [singed-by = /usr/share...gpg ] https://download.vscodium.con/debs vscodium main apt policy gnome gnome-shell returns

gnome:
  installed : none
  candidate : 1:43+1
  version table :
    1:43+1 500
    500 http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm/main amd64 Packages
gnome-shell:
  installed : none
  candidate :43.4-1
  version table :
    43.4-1 500
    500 http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm/main amd64 Packages
    100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

Here is the content of apt update :

Reached :1 http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm InRelease
Reached :2 http://security.debian.org/debian-security  bookworm-security InRelease
Reached :3 http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm-updates InRelease
Reached :4 http://download.vscodium.com/debs  vscodium InRelease
Reading list ... done
Constructing dependency tree ... done
Reading information status ... done
1 packet can be updated. Run apt list --upgradable to see it

Now I have a new update which is nvidia-installer-cleanup and apt policy nvidia-installer=cleanup is :

nvidia-installer-cleanup:
  installed : 20220217+2
  candidate : 20220217+3~deb12u1
  version table :
    20220217+3~deb12u1 500
      500 http://deb.debian.org/debian  bookworm/contrib amd64 Packages
    20220217+2 100 
      100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

But i think i found the issue. I have a Brother HL-2135W printer that used to work on Debian 11. However, this time it did not work out of the box so when i tried to install it with the script found on Brother's support website, it was a 32 bit script : https://www.brother.fr/services-et-supports/hl-2135w/downloads The script messed up libc6-i386. I had to run dpkg -add-architecture i386 which messed up apt. dpkg -l | grep i386 outputs

cupswrapperhl2130:i386
hl2130lpr:i386

so I uninstalled those two packages and run dpkg --remove-architecture i386. But I still can't install gnome. There is a deeper issue with apt probably. I run Debian 12 bookworm on an Dell Inspiron 5415 with Ryzen 5 5500U. Thanks for your help.

I have a staging server and a production server, and I run identical Bitbucket Pipelines, where I send some commands over SSH. Unfortunately, my pipeline for the production always fails with:

Host key verification failed.

I've tried _everything_, folder permissions, recreating the keys, nothing works. Finally with adding -v to my ssh call, I think I'm a step closer, but still lost. On my staging server, I see something like this:

debug1: Host '$STAGING_SERVER' is known and matches the RSA host key.	
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:4	
debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct

and the rest of the build follows flawlessly. On my production server, however, I see the following:

debug1: Host '$PRODUCTION_SERVER' is known and matches the RSA host key.
debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:5
debug1: read_passphrase: can't open /dev/tty: No such device or address
debug1: permanently_drop_suid: 0
ssh_askpass: exec(/usr/bin/ssh-askpass): No such file or directory
Host key verification failed.

So it would look like the key _is_ found on my production server, but for some reason on the production server read_passphrase is being called. I've just created a new id_rsa and id_rsa.pub key, with _no_ password, so why the heck is my production server trying to call read_passphrase? My ssh_config and sshd_config on both servers are identical - checked via diff. Another way of looking at it is that ssh_rsa_verify is called immediately on the staging server, while on the production server read_passphrase is called. Any help here would be greatly appreciated, this is driving me crazy!

I have Googled this one and tried so many combinations, with no success. I need the GDM login greeter to display one and only one username. In effect, what I need is something like this in **/etc/gdm/custom.conf**: [greeter] ExcludeAll=true Include=guest This does not work, however, because ExcludeAll is not a valid option. IncludeAll=false does nothing either. I've tried every combination that I can think of. Despite being discouraged, I modified **/etc/gdm/gdm.schemas**, trying a variety of combinations similar to the above. No go. I am aware of: gconftool-2 --config-source xml:readwrite:/etc/gconf/gconf.xml.defaults --direct --type bool --set /apps/gdm/simple-greeter/disable_user_list true but this is not an applicable solution, as it removes the user list completely. I need one specific username to appear. The only practical solution I can find is to, upon user login, run a script which will append that username to the "Exclude" list in **/etc/gdm/custom.conf**. This is hacky, and not preferable. This is for a public-use machine. People can log in with their LDAP accounts if they have them, or they can select "Guest" from the login screen. The people who log in with their LDAP accounts should NOT have their names visible on the login screen, but the "Guest" option must remain. Using gnome 2.28.

If anyone can help me with this, it would mean a lot as I've seen similarly answered questions for windows but not many or Linux. I am running I am running Linux mint 20.2 (Uma). I have a problem where trying to run my maven project, I get the error

The JAVA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
This environment variable is needed to run this program
NB: JAVA_HOME should point to a JDK not a JRE

I have since fully uninstalled java and maven and set up JDK17 and the JAVA_HOME

$ echo $JAVA_HOME
/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-17.0.2

Along with setting the profile

$ grep JAVA_HOME /etc/profile

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-17.0.2
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
PATH=$PATH:JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME

And .bashrc

$ grep JAVA_HOME ~/.bashrc

JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/jdk-17.0.2
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
PATH=$PATH:JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin
export JAVA_HOME

I also found a

.sh

file in the

/etc/profile.d/

that was redirecting JAVA_HOME to the old JDK and have since deleted it. But even after all of this the problem pressies, I don't know if something is still redirecting JAVA_HOME to the old JDK or I didn't set it up correctly, I also don't know where to look if something is redirecting it or if I have an alias for

since I'm not adept to Linux fully and I haven't used to this system in a while to backtrack my changes. If anyone has any input on how to solve this problem, it would be greatly appreciated. Thank you all in advance.

I am considering using btrfs on my data drive so that I can use [snapper](http://snapper.io/) , or something like snapper, to take time based snapshots. I believe this will let me browse old versions of my data. This would be in addition to my current off site backup since a drive failure would wipe out the data and the snapshots. From my understanding btrfs snapshots do not take up much space (meta data and the blocks that have changed, plus maybe some overhead), so space doesn't seem to be a constraint. If I have a million snapshots (e.g., a snapshot every minute for two years) would that cause havoc, assuming I have enough disk space for the data, the changed data, and the meta data? If there is a practical limit on the number of snapshots, does it depend on the number of files and/or size of files?

I have a large folder of data files, which I want to copy into subfolders to make a specified number of batches. Right now I count how many files there are and use that to make ranges, like so:

cd /dump
batches=4
files=$(cat /data/samples.txt | wc -l)

echo "$files $batches"
for ((i=0; i<=batches; i++))
do
    mkdir -p merged_batches/batch$i
    rm -f merged_batches/batch$i/*

    ls merged/*.sorted.labeled.bam* |
      head -n $(( $((files/batches)) * $((i+1)) * 2 )) |
      tail -n $((2 * files/batches)) |
      xargs -I {} cp {} merged_batches/batch$i

done

Is there a more convenient way to do this?

I've got one Raspberry Pi 2 Model B running Deluge and Deluge Web UI 24/7. I set up a No-IP free host so I can access the Rasperry Pi to download some data I've stored in a 3TB disk. I am using Apache2 as the webserver but I am looking forward to change to a Go application I am creating myself. The WebUI Deluge listening port is **9090**. I wanted to access Deluge WebUI without having to type :9090 in the end of the hostname (via /del would be ideal). I read multiple questions on SO where the Reverse Proxies were mentioned. I quickly checked the official documentation. The changes I've made to my configuration files are the following: */etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf* ProxyPass /del http://hostname:9090/ ProxyPassReverse /del http://hostname:9090/ I also tried **rewrite** in 000-default (but in different times) RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} /del [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://hostname:9090 [P] Restarted Apache and the result is a blank page whenever I visit http://hostname/del **(via browser)**

I'm currently attempting (and failing) to set up an SMTP mail server on my Ubuntu server so I can recieve emails from the contact page of my php based website. I was planning to send these emails using phps built in mail() function. However, no matter what I try the email either never sends with no errors (in the case of using sendmail) or causes a client-side timeout (in the case of using postfix). If anyone can help me it'd be greatly appreciated! I'm rather new to using SMTP related stuff so I don't really know what log files to attach so please ask me for them if needed. Thanks. Edit: port 25 is forwarded

I'm using [NixOS](http://nixos.org) , so the approach described in “https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/52643/11397” , editing /etc/systemd/logind.conf, won't work, as it is just a symlink to /etc/static/systemd/logind.conf, which itself is a symlink to a file in /nix/store. AFAIK, you shouldn't edit the *Nix store* directly. But the file in /nix/store doesn't have write permissions anyway. How do I disable laptop auto-suspension in a NixOS idiomatic way?

Using GCP VM Instance, I'm connected via ssh, not serial port. When I type w or who or finger I get the following output:

$ w
08:46:18 up 41 min,  0 users,  load average: 0.10, 0.07, 0.01
USER     TTY      FROM             LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT

$ who                                                                                                                         

$ finger                                                                                                                      No one logged on.

I'm expecting to see my current connected user, but this is not the case. I tried to connect as another user along mine and it showed, but not my primary user, either when he or the other runs the command.

> pstree -alus "$$" 
systemd
  └─sshd
      └─sshd
          └─sshd,Dédé
              └─bash
                  └─bash
                      └─code-e170252f76 command-shell --cli-data-dir /home/Dédé/.vscode-server/cli --parent-process-id 234934 --on-port
                          └─sh /home/Dédé/.vscode-server/cli/servers/Stable-e170252f762678dec6ca2cc69aba1570769a5d39/server/bin/code-server --connection-token=remotessh --accept-server-license-terms --start-server --enable-remote-auto-shutdown --socket-path=/tmp/code-bd3d6d38-59de-47a1-8df7-54881cb666dd
                              └─node /home/Dédé/.vscode-server/cli/servers/Stable-e170252f762678dec6ca2cc69aba1570769a5d39/server/out/server-main.js --connection-token=remotessh --accept-server-license-terms --start-server --enable-remote-auto-shutdown --socket-path=/tmp/code-bd3d6d38-59de-47a1-8df7-54881cb666dd
                                  └─node /home/Dédé/.vscode-server/cli/servers/Stable-e170252f762678dec6ca2cc69aba1570769a5d39/server/out/bootstrap-fork --type=ptyHost --logsPath /home/Dédé/.vscode-server/data/logs/20240504T173238
                                      └─zsh -i
                                          └─pstree -alus 271031

I have a csv from a solar inverter and I need to input the data into a SQL database. The problem I have is that two inverters are in the same csv, so I need to split the csv into two or "do something" with the data from the first, then the second. This is a sample: #SmartLogger ESN:102469042181 #INV1 ESN:ES22B0048634 #Time;Upv1;Upv2;Upv3;Upv4;Upv5;Upv6;Upv7;Upv8;Ipv1;Ipv2;Ipv3;Ipv4;Ipv5;Ipv6;Ipv7;Ipv8;Uac1;Uac2;Uac3;Iac1;Iac2;Iac3;Status;Error;Temp;cos;fac;Pac;Qac;Eac;E-Day;E-Total;Cycle Time 08-12-2024 15:30:00;504.3;504.3;502.8;502.8;620.3;620.3;493.0;493.0;0.11;-0.04;0.13;-0.05;0.06;0.00;0.09;0.00;228.7;229.7;228.0;0.640;0.607;0.637;512;0;19.4;0.975;50.00;0.030;0.007;0.01;6.42;162.22;5; 08-12-2024 15:25:00;506.5;506.5;500.2;500.2;631.5;631.5;460.9;460.9;0.10;-0.04;0.12;-0.06;0.04;0.00;0.09;0.00;228.7;229.7;228.0;0.552;0.541;0.563;512;0;19.6;0.994;49.99;0.026;0.003;0.00;6.41;162.21;5; #INV2 ESN:ES22B0048591 #Time;Upv1;Upv2;Upv3;Upv4;Upv5;Upv6;Upv7;Upv8;Ipv1;Ipv2;Ipv3;Ipv4;Ipv5;Ipv6;Ipv7;Ipv8;Uac1;Uac2;Uac3;Iac1;Iac2;Iac3;Status;Error;Temp;cos;fac;Pac;Qac;Eac;E-Day;E-Total;Cycle Time 08-12-2024 15:30:00;480.3;480.3;492.7;492.7;377.1;377.1;386.9;386.9;-0.07;0.13;0.02;0.05;-0.01;0.07;0.02;0.00;229.6;231.3;231.7;0.510;0.469;0.523;512;0;19.5;0.999;50.00;0.045;-0.002;0.01;6.65;164.65;5; 08-12-2024 15:25:00;478.8;478.8;484.7;484.7;385.1;385.1;410.9;410.9;-0.07;0.12;0.02;0.04;-0.02;0.06;0.00;0.00;229.6;232.3;231.7;0.486;0.451;0.522;512;0;19.6;0.993;49.99;0.036;0.004;0.00;6.64;164.64;5; so I need to do soemthing with those lines: 08-12-2024 15:30:00;504.3;504.3;502.8;502.8;620.3;620.3;493.0;493.0;0.11;-0.04;0.13;-0.05;0.06;0.00;0.09;0.00;228.7;229.7;228.0;0.640;0.607;0.637;512;0;19.4;0.975;50.00;0.030;0.007;0.01;6.42;162.22;5; 08-12-2024 15:25:00;506.5;506.5;500.2;500.2;631.5;631.5;460.9;460.9;0.10;-0.04;0.12;-0.06;0.04;0.00;0.09;0.00;228.7;229.7;228.0;0.552;0.541;0.563;512;0;19.6;0.994;49.99;0.026;0.003;0.00;6.41;162.21;5; and then I need to do something with those lines: 08-12-2024 15:30:00;480.3;480.3;492.7;492.7;377.1;377.1;386.9;386.9;-0.07;0.13;0.02;0.05;-0.01;0.07;0.02;0.00;229.6;231.3;231.7;0.510;0.469;0.523;512;0;19.5;0.999;50.00;0.045;-0.002;0.01;6.65;164.65;5; 08-12-2024 15:25:00;478.8;478.8;484.7;484.7;385.1;385.1;410.9;410.9;-0.07;0.12;0.02;0.04;-0.02;0.06;0.00;0.00;229.6;232.3;231.7;0.486;0.451;0.522;512;0;19.6;0.993;49.99;0.036;0.004;0.00;6.64;164.64;5; nay idea how to distinguish between the both headers? Header one: #INV1 ESN:ES22B0048634 Header two: #INV2 ESN:ES22B0048591 those should be ignored: #Time;Upv1;Upv2;Upv3;Upv4;Upv5;Upv6;Upv7;Upv8;Ipv1;Ipv2;Ipv3;Ipv4;Ipv5;Ipv6;Ipv7;Ipv8;Uac1;Uac2;Uac3;Iac1;Iac2;Iac3;Status;Error;Temp;cos;fac;Pac;Qac;Eac;E-Day;E-Total;Cycle Time

I'm setting up FlightRadar24 and I'm trying to update the packages. I keep getting the same error. Thanks in advance, and yes, im a rookie. Setting up initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u1) ... update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated) Setting up linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (1:6.6.51-1+rpt3) ... /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools: update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory raspi-firmware: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it? run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//z50-raspi-firmware exited with return code 1 run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (--configure): installed linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1 Setting up linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 (1:6.6.51-1+rpt3) ... /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools: update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (--configure): installed linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1 stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory raspi-firmware: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it? run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//z50-raspi-firmware exited with return code 1 run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1 dpkg: error processing package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 (--configure): installed linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-rpi-2712: linux-image-rpi-2712 depends on linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3); however: Package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-rpi-2712 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up raspi-firmware (1:1.20240924-1) ... stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory Error: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it? dpkg: error processing package raspi-firmware (--configure): installed raspi-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1 dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-rpi-v8: linux-image-rpi-v8 depends on linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3); however: Package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-image-rpi-v8 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712: linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 depends on linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3) | linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712-unsigned (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3); however: Package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 is not configured yet. Package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712-unsigned is not installed. dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8: linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 depends on linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3) | linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8-unsigned (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3); however: Package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 is not configured yet. Package linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8-unsigned is not installed. dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-rpi-2712: linux-headers-rpi-2712 depends on linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3); however: Package linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-rpi-2712 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-headers-rpi-v8: linux-headers-rpi-v8 depends on linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 (= 1:6.6.51-1+rpt3); however: Package linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 is not configured yet. dpkg: error processing package linux-headers-rpi-v8 (--configure): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+deb12u1) ... ln: failed to create hard link '/boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8.dpkg-bak' => '/boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8': Operation not permitted update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory raspi-firmware: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it? run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//z50-raspi-firmware exited with return code 1 dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure): installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1 Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 linux-image-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 linux-image-rpi-2712 raspi-firmware linux-image-rpi-v8 linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-2712 linux-headers-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8 linux-headers-rpi-2712 linux-headers-rpi-v8 initramfs-tools Also when i do a upgrade i get.... > **bookworm:~ $ sudo apt-get upgrade Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done > Calculating upgrade... Done 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove > and 0 not upgraded. 10 not fully installed or removed. After this > operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.** And...

pi@pi24-bookworm:~ $ sudo apt-get full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.142+rpt1+deb12u1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up raspi-firmware (1:1.20240924-2) ...
stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory
Error: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it?
dpkg: error processing package raspi-firmware (--configure):
 installed raspi-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+rpt1+deb12u1) ...
ln: failed to create hard link '/boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8.dpkg-bak' => '/boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8': Operation not permitted
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8
pi@pi24-bookworm:~ $ sudo apt-get full-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
2 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.142+rpt1+deb12u1) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up raspi-firmware (1:1.20240924-2) ...
stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory
Error: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it?
dpkg: error processing package raspi-firmware (--configure):
 installed raspi-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.142+rpt1+deb12u1) ...
ln: failed to create hard link '/boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8.dpkg-bak' => '/boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8': Operation not permitted
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-6.6.51+rpt-rpi-v8
stat: cannot read file system information for '/boot/firmware': No such file or directory
raspi-firmware: missing /boot/firmware, did you forget to mount it?
run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//z50-raspi-firmware exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
 installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 raspi-firmware
 initramfs-tools
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I have a text file with lines (each of 631 characters) consisting of 16 hexadecimal numbers 0,1,2,...,9,A,B,...,F. I would like to replace each number with the corresponding 4 bits of 0 and 1, i.e. 0 with 0000, 1 with 0001, ..., F with 1111 and then save the file as .bin. How can I do so in Linux terminal? Some lines of my text file are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

I want to run a systemd service after the network is initialized, ideally as the last service to be run, but before the login screen displays. Additionally, I want to wait for the launched process to end before showing the login screen. It's a terminal-based (not graphical) login. How can I configure the service file to do this? My systems run Debian Buster, Bookworm, and Trixie.

I have now bumped into this problem several times - some podman containers get stuck in the stopping state, but I'm not sure how to tackle the problem.

[grant@patches patches]$ podman ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                               COMMAND               CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                     NAMES
434645aa71eb  docker.io/library/postgres:15.3     postgres              40 minutes ago  Stopping                                                 patches-psql

no amount of force killing seems to stop the process. Ex:

[grant@patches patches]$ podman kill patches-psql
2023-08-11T19:17:28.307348Z: open pidfd: No such process
Error: container state improper: stopped
[grant@patches patches]$ podman ps -a
CONTAINER ID  IMAGE                               COMMAND               CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                     NAMES
434645aa71eb  docker.io/library/postgres:15.3     postgres              52 minutes ago  Stopping                                                 patches-psql

I can remove the container with rm -f but I haven't found a way to force it to stop and then restart it.

While checking the regulatory rules reported by "iw reg get" after setting my country code, I see that certain channels in the 5 GHz band are not allowed to be used if the equipment is outdoors in the UK (country code GB):

:/tmp# iw reg get
global
country GB: DFS-ETSI
        (2400 - 2483 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A)
        (5150 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR, AUTO-BW
        (5250 - 5350 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), NO-OUTDOOR, DFS, AUTO-BW
        (5470 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 26), (0 ms), DFS
        (5725 - 5850 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR
        (5925 - 6425 @ 160), (N/A, 23), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR
        (57000 - 71000 @ 2160), (N/A, 40), (N/A)

I'm left wondering whether there is any configuration (e.g. in hostapd's configuration file) to tell the device whether it is indoors or outdoors and so whether it allowed to use these restricted channels? In particular, Automatic Channel Selection might need to know whether the equipment is indoors or outdoors.

I have a remote machine that I must access through a proxy, and so I have set up the remote's ssh alias like so:

Host server
    HostName server-ip
    User my-username
    ProxyCommand ssh my-proxy-machine-alias -W %h:%p
    ServerAliveInterval 30

Both machines are behind a VPN and are set up to require me to use a password when logging in. I **cannot** automate login with ssh keys on these machines. When I set up for work, I mount several directories from the server machine onto my local machine, and running all these commands every time becomes very tedious as I am required to enter my password twice for each mount I wish to create. Therefore I tried to automate this task. At first I tried using a bash script but got stuck. Then I tried using expect, but that failed to work through the proxy for some reason. Recently, I tried again using something like the following:

#!/bin/bash

read -s -p "Enter your password: " user_password
echo

sshfs -o password_stdin server: . <<< $user_password

This is working! But I don't get it -- doesn't this only pass in my password one time? When I run sshfs manually, I have to enter my password twice. So my question is: why does this work?