i'm using Linux Mint. I recently updated my workstation, and from this moment, my drivers went nuts. I was working fine before, with the nvidia-361 drivers, and, when i finished my updates, and after rebooting the PC, il was running in "software rendering mode". I finally get to have a correct desktop, but now, i'm quite sure the card isn't fonctionning properly, because i can't launch any simple game with 3D (like blazeRush for example, wich was running fine before). This is the result of a lspci -vnnn 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller : NVIDIA Corporation GF104 [GeForce GTX 460] [10de:0e22] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd GF104 [GeForce GTX 460] [1458:34fc] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 124 Memory at dc000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] Memory at d8000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] I/O ports at e000 [size=128] Expansion ROM at de000000 [disabled] [size=512K] Capabilities: Power Management version 3 Capabilities: MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 Capabilities: Virtual Channel Capabilities: Power Budgeting Capabilities: Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 Kernel driver in use: nouveau Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_375_drm, nvidia_375 As you can see, the kernel driver in use is "nouveau", but i would like to use nvidia_375 instead. I already tried to purge with apt like this sudo apt purge *nvidia* xserver-xorg*nouveau* bbswitch* but when i do that, after a reboot, "nouveau" is still here ... i can try to install again the proprietary drivers, but i will be back in the same situation as before the purge. I'm running out of options.

This is a really specific question, I have come here before because of it but now I really think I am out of options and trying to see if anyone has experience with this specific video card. Have tried to install the drivers for it 4 times in the past and nothing has worked. First time with the .run available in their webpage, nothing happened because an error appeared. Then tried using nvidia-detect but it didn't detect anything. So I added the non-free path to download nvidia-driver, nvidia-smi and nvidia-xconfig packages. The first time I ran them only having installed bumblebee but not bumblebee-nvidia so system wasn't bootable after restarting, had to purge everything of nvidia's and restore /etc/X11/xorg.conf to blank (original state), filed a bug report as someone in here recommended and they told me I needed bumblebee-nvidia for it to work. Downloaded bumblebee-nvidia, downloaded all those packages again and the system wouldn't boot after restarting, again. Then tried again with the package from NVIDIA's webpage, this time without a graphics interface since it required that, and system crashed again. **For all those 3 times that the system crashed I had to purge everything nvidia related and restore to blank the xorg.conf file and then type startx to have graphical interface again. Next I tried what Debian's official page says , basically get things from backports, followed the steps to the line and it wouldn't boot again after restarting, purged everything I installed and everything nvidia related and it wouldn't boot having used the same fix I had done the previous times. A kind heart told me I had to reinstall nouveau for it work again, and it did after doing that. Can you please help me on how I could install this specific video card's driver? I have tried everything I have found online and I don't know enough to make up solutions as I go. I can't change the brightness of the screen, can't connect extra monitors, can't use redshift (my eyes are sensitive) and can't even invert colors because of the lack of the driver. Previously asked question here on the site Bug Report with more information Using Debian 8 with Gnome 3, my computer has two video cards an intel (integrated) and the NVIDIA card. Please tell me if more information is required. --------------- Edit: to put the results of the comment $ sudo apt-get install bbswitch-dkms intel-microcode firmware-linux-nonfree bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia primus primus-libs primus-libs:i386 linux-headers-$(uname -r) nvidia-driver Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done bbswitch-dkms is already the newest version. bbswitch-dkms set to manually installed. primus is already the newest version. primus-libs is already the newest version. primus-libs set to manually installed. bumblebee is already the newest version. Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: bumblebee-nvidia : Depends: bumblebee (= 3.2.1-7) but 3.2.1-13~bpo8+1 is to be installed E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. Then did sudo apt-get -f install just in case and it didn't remove or install anything.

I am trying to configure my [Blackmagic DeckLink Quad HDMI Recorder](https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/decklink/techspecs/W-DLK-36) to work with OBS on Arch Linux. On Windows, I could go to [their website](https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/support/family/capture-and-playback) , install their Desktop Video 14.5 Program. Once the drivers were installed, OBS would recognize the device. Linux wasn't as straightforward. I downloaded [14.4.1](https://swr.cloud.blackmagicdesign.com/DesktopVideo/v14.4.1/Blackmagic_Desktop_Video_Linux_14.4.1.tar.gz?verify=1748017031-8xieTBOzdt4rQ%2FPasifFSs1vESAzwvSPyHGl7hgaJv0%3D) because they did not provide a Linux version for 14.5. I unzipped the

.tar.tar

which contained

for Debian,

for Fedora, and

for miscellaneous systems. I navigated to

./other/x86_64

and unzipped

-14.4.1a4-x86_64.tar.gz

. I then moved to

./usr/bin

, where I found the executable

. When I ran it I got

Desktop Video Device Detected

. The files in the folder were subsequently found in my actual

/usr

and

/etc

, so the installer likely did its job. However even after a reboot OBS still won't recognize the device. Neither

Capture Device (V4L2)

nor

Capture Device (Pipewire) (BETA)

display my capture device as an option.

> lspci | grep Blackmagic
05:00.0 Multimedia video controller: Blackmagic Design DeckLink Quad HDMI Recorder
> lsmod | grep blackmagic
blackmagic_io        2420736  8
> dkms status -m blackmagic-io -k uname -r
blackmagic-io/14.4.1a4, 6.14.7-arch2-1, x86_64: installed
> sudo modprobe blackmagic-io
> sudo dkms build -m blackmagic-io -v 14.4.1a4
Module blackmagic-io/14.4.1a4 already built for kernel 6.14.7-arch2-1 (x86_64), skip. You may override by specifying --force.

I am not sure what I am supposed to do now, as the OS does recognize the device.

I am trying to make a Wi-Fi USB adapter working, to no avail. The dongle is a TP-Link WN821N, which has a Realtek rtl8192eu chip. I cannot change it and will soon loose my wired connection due to choices of my employer. When inserted, I get the following output from dmesg:

[12881.857485] usb 1-1.6: new high-speed USB device number 7 using ehci-pci
[12881.970614] usb 1-1.6: New USB device found, idVendor=2357, idProduct=0107, bcdDevice= 2.00
[12881.970617] usb 1-1.6: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[12881.970618] usb 1-1.6: Product: 802.11n NIC
[12881.970619] usb 1-1.6: Manufacturer: Realtek
[12881.970620] usb 1-1.6: SerialNumber: 00e04c000001

and here is the relevant output of usb-devices:

$ usb-devices|grep -C 4 Realtek
T:  Bus=01 Lev=02 Prnt=02 Port=05 Cnt=03 Dev#=  7 Spd=480 MxCh= 0
D:  Ver= 2.10 Cls=00(>ifc ) Sub=00 Prot=00 MxPS=64 #Cfgs=  1
P:  Vendor=2357 ProdID=0107 Rev=02.00
S:  Manufacturer=Realtek
S:  Product=802.11n NIC
S:  SerialNumber=00e04c000001
C:  #Ifs= 1 Cfg#= 1 Atr=e0 MxPwr=500mA
I:  If#=0x0 Alt= 0 #EPs= 5 Cls=ff(vend.) Sub=ff Prot=ff Driver=(none)

however there's no network interface coming up

$ lspci -knn |grep -i net -A2
00:19.0 Ethernet controller : Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection [8086:1502] (rev 04)
Subsystem: Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection (Lewisville) [8086:2008]
Kernel driver in use: e1000e
Kernel modules: e1000e

also, ip a only shows the ethernet interface, and iw dev has no output. My uninformed guess is that the system cannot find a driver for this particular dongle. I do have the non-free firmware-realtek package installed:

$ dpkg -l|grep realtek
ii  firmware-realtek                              20190114-2                              all          Binary firmware for Realtek wired/wifi/BT adapters

and there should be something related to rtl8192eu inside:

$ dpkg -L firmware-realtek |grep rtl8192eu
/lib/firmware/rtl_bt/rtl8192eu_fw.bin
/lib/firmware/rtlwifi/rtl8192eu_nic.bin
/lib/firmware/rtlwifi/rtl8192eu_wowlan.bin

$ apt-cache show firmware-realtek|grep -i rtl8192eu
* Realtek RTL8192EU Bluetooth firmware (rtl_bt/rtl8192eu_fw.bin)
* Realtek RTl8192EU non-WoWLAN firmware (rtlwifi/rtl8192eu_nic.bin)
* Realtek RTl8192EU WoWLAN firmware (rtlwifi/rtl8192eu_wowlan.bin)

$ grep -r rtl8192eu /lib/modules/4.19.0-20-amd64/
Binary file /lib/modules/4.19.0-20-amd64/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtl8xxxu/rtl8xxxu.ko matches

however I do not have a module named rtl8192eu:

$ sudo modprobe rtl8192eu
modprobe: FATAL: Module rtl8192eu not found in directory /lib/modules/4.19.0-20-amd64

and while I can load rtl8xxxu instead, it still does not make any new interface appear, both lspci and ip a keep showing only ethernet, and iw dev shows nothing. I am now faced with a hard choice: debug this, buy another dongle with my own money, or switch jobs. - I strongly prefer a solution based on firmware-realtek, or another maintained package, over compiling drivers from github. - I am willing to upgrade to Debian 11 bullseye if needed, as I was planning to do that anyway. - I wonder if there were some installation steps where I said that I will not ever need wifi. Can you help?

Having recently installed a driver which required for the module to be signed manually it was confusing what signing that module was actually doing and why it had to be done. There are other questions about the process on here however they are more technical. What is a simple explanation of what signing modules does and why it is necessary as well as what the alternatives are (apparently dkms can automatically sign modules)?

I want to sign my nvidia driver so I can use it with Secure Boot. I'm trying to follow these instructions for nvidia driver: https://wiki.debian.org/SecureBoot#Using_your_key_to_sign_modules_.28Traditional_Way.29 I already have MOK keys. I've installed nvidia drivers with apt-get install nvidia-driver. Now I'm signing it. I can't find location of my nvidia module. ChatGPT has suggested something like that:

sudo /usr/src/linux-headers-$(uname -r)/scripts/sign-file sha256 /path/to/MOK.priv /path/to/MOK.der $(modinfo -n nvidia)

But I'm getting error (even with modinfo -n nvidia)

sudo /sbin/modinfo nvidia
modinfo: ERROR: Module nvidia not found

I've also tried it, but got no output:

sudo find /lib/modules/$(uname -r) -type f -name "nvidia.ko"

What should I do to find my nvidia driver? It should be there if I have installed a package, right?

I am currently in the process of immigrating to Arch Linux. I am trying to install the drivers, however it keeps telling me that "X server is running". I have looked everywhere and CRTL+ALT+BACKSPACE just restarts Gnome before I even get the chance to log in to tty. And X server is apparently still somehow running? I tried to kill X server, but the shortcut didn't work, and even in tty2 the error shows up, so how do i get rid of the X server? Does it have something to do with X11 the window manager? If so how do i kill it?

My final goal is to make use of a Geforce GTX 550 Ti on a modern Linux Gnome desktop. Since recent Ubuntu versions stopped supporting the **Nvidia 390 driver** that is required for this I instead chose **Debian Sid** (a.k.a. Unstable), which offers seemingly straightforward install instructions for it . After trying to install them I'm left with a white "Something has gone wrong" low-resolution GUI error screen instead of the login screen (no buttons, no cursor), and switching to a console doesn't give me a login prompt, but only black screen and non-responsive caret at top left. I then need to restart and do a safe-boot to access the console. *Update:* After a full-upgrade I now end up with software rendering, which is technically better than having to reboot, but not much. ### What I've done 1. Installed **Debian Testing** amd64 weekly DVD build. This was working just fine in Gnome desktop using nouveau and Wayland. 2. Filled my sources.list with the appropriate content since it was completely empty apart from a reference to the install media (USB iso). Before that I couldn't even do an apt update. I don't know why I was left with an essentially empty sources.list immediately following a clean install. 3. Enabled unstable by adding one line in sources.list, according to Debian's instructions to enable unstable on Testing . 4. Followed the instructions for Nvidia 390 driver for Sid in the above linked wiki page. Yes, I **forgot to install the kernel headers** before doing this. 5. Ended up with a non-working system as described above, so I uninstalled the two driver packages again using safe-boot (nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver firmware-misc-nonfree) and removed all three nvidia symlinks in etc/modprobe.d (one of which was blacklisting nouveau). I got a working system back. 6. I realized my mistake and **installed the kernel headers** (linux-headers-amd64) according to instructions. 7. I again tried installing the driver (nvidia-legacy-390xx-driver firmware-misc-nonfree) but ended up with the same result as before after a reboot. 8. I didn't see much actual build-action going on when installing the driver packages, so I tried to --reinstall the nvidia-legacy-390xx-kernel-dkms package, which finally actually menioned "building" something. 9. I still ended up in the same situation, i.e. no login screen and no access to console during normal boot. I'm unsure if I accidentally messed something up and didn't fix it properly, or what the problem could be at this point. **What would be the best course of action to troubleshoot this situation?** I also did a full-upgrade for good measure to make sure all packages were up to date. ### Observations - When the system is working (with nouveau), Gnome desktop works fine on Wayland but gives a fullscreen "Something has gone wrong" GUI error screen when logging in with Gnome on Xorg. It has a button to "log out" which I can click with the space bar (no mouse cursor). MATE desktop works fine though, and it also uses Xorg. I'm fine with Gnome on Xorg temporarily not working — it's Testing + Unstable after all, but I would like to think that at least the login screen (gdm) and console should work if the graphics drivers work (just as with nouveau)? - One reason I have specifically chosen Debian *Testing*, i.e. Debian 13 Trixie, instead of Debian 12 is that I needed to ensure I had the very **latest nouveau possible**. This is because even on the most up-to-date Ubuntu 24.10 the nouveau driver will invariably freeze the entire system after some time (I have determined this experimentally; Ubuntu is locking up only when nouveau is loaded and never when running only on Intel integrated graphics). I'm trying to maximize my chances that nouveau will work (Windows 10 does not freeze, so I attribute this to the nouveau drivers, and not to the hardware). ### Additional info #### sources.list I had to reconstruct this file immediately after OS install, for some reason, because it only contained the first line (now commented out).

# deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux testing _Trixie_ - Official Snapshot amd64 DVD Binary-1 with firmware 20250310-03:29]/ trixie contrib main non-free-firmware

# unstable
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian  unstable main contrib non-free non-free-firmware


deb http://deb.debian.org/debian  testing main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian  testing main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/  testing-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/  testing-security contrib non-free main non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian  testing-updates contrib non-free main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian  testing-updates contrib non-free main non-free-firmware

#### Xorg log errors These might not be relevant since I can't even get to the login screen and console, and since MATE works on Xorg, but I include these for completeness until I know they can be dismissed.

$ grep EE /var/log/Xorg.0.log
[    74.735] Current Operating System: Linux debian 6.12.17-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.12.17-1 (2025-03-01) x86_64
	(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[    75.166] (EE) systemd-logind: failed to take device /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument
[    77.033] (EE) Failed to load module "nv" (module does not exist, 0)
[    77.552] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
[    77.552] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument
[    77.552] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument
[    77.562] (EE) Unable to find a valid framebuffer device
[    77.563] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[    77.563] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[    77.653] (II) Initializing extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER
[    77.667] (EE) Failed to initialize GLX extension (Compatible NVIDIA X driver not found)
[    78.331] (EE) systemd-logind: failed to take device /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument

$ grep EE /var/log/Xorg.0.log.old
[    23.670] Current Operating System: Linux debian 6.12.17-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.12.17-1 (2025-03-01) x86_64
	(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[    23.970] (EE) systemd-logind: failed to take device /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument
[    25.852] (EE) Failed to load module "nv" (module does not exist, 0)
[    26.471] (EE) [drm] Failed to open DRM device for pci:0000:01:00.0: -19
[    26.471] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument
[    26.472] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument
[    26.490] (EE) Unable to find a valid framebuffer device
[    26.491] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[    26.491] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[    26.522] (II) Initializing extension MIT-SCREEN-SAVER
[    26.535] (EE) Failed to initialize GLX extension (Compatible NVIDIA X driver not found)
[    27.025] (EE) systemd-logind: failed to take device /dev/dri/card0: Invalid argument

Feel free to ask for anything else that seems relevant and I'll add it.

*Editor's Note: I'm adding the link below as I answered his original question. If the OP disagrees with this please remove the edit* Linked Question: What do I need to make my Debian see my external monitor? I am trying to install Nvidia Graphics Drivers on Debian 12 "Bookworm". I am following this guide, and when I try to perform the part that says "enroll your machine owner's key (MOK) to use DKMS modules" (because I have secure boot enabled), I get this failure:

# mokutil --import /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub
Failed to get file status, /var/lib/dkms/mok.pub

Also, the containing directory is missing:

# ls /var/lib/dkms/
ls: cannot access '/var/lib/dkms/': No such file or directory

Any ideas on what I should do?

I am trying to make my Debian Linux (KDE Plasma desktop environment, Wayland, stable channel) see my external monitor. My /etc/apt/sources.list :

#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 12.6.0 _Bookworm_ - Official amd64 NETINST with firmware 20240629-10:18]/ bookworm contrib main non-free-firmware

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/  bookworm main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/  bookworm main non-free-firmware

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security  bookworm-security main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security  bookworm-security main non-free-firmware

# bookworm-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports 
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/  bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/  bookworm-updates main non-free-firmware

# This system was installed using small removable media
# (e.g. netinst, live or single CD). The matching "deb cdrom"
# entries were disabled at the end of the installation process.
# For information about how to configure apt package sources,
# see the sources.list(5) manual.

xrandr --query seems to only return the laptop's built-in screen:

Screen 0: minimum 16 x 16, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 32767 x 32767
XWAYLAND0 connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 340mm x 190mm
   1920x1080    143.88*+
   1440x1080    143.80  
   1400x1050    143.89  
   1280x1024    143.79  
   1280x960     143.86  
   1152x864     143.92  
   1024x768     143.87  
   800x600      143.83  
   640x480      143.85  
   320x240      142.05  
   1680x1050    143.88  
   1440x900     143.86  
   1280x800     143.84  
   720x480      143.85  
   640x400      143.37  
   320x200      141.40  
   1600x900     143.93  
   1368x768     143.77  
   1280x720     143.67  
   1024x576     143.91  
   864x486      143.63  
   720x400      143.88  
   640x350      143.57

I am guessing that, as a first step, I should also include the non-free in every single place non-free-firmware is included, and then try to update/upgrade? Or maybe this is not needed? **Update:** Output of ls /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/:

ls: cannot access '/sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/': No such file or directory

Output of lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display':

pcilib: Error reading /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:08.3/label: Operation not permitted
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation AD107M [GeForce RTX 4060 Max-Q / Mobile] (rev a1)
        Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. AD107M [GeForce RTX 4060 Max-Q / Mobile]
        Kernel modules: nouveau
01:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation AD107 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
--
36:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Rembrandt [Radeon 680M] (rev 0a)
        Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Rembrandt [Radeon 680M]
        Kernel driver in use: amdgpu
        Kernel modules: amdgpu

I'm on ubuntu 17.10. Got uid 121 after installing nvidia tested proprietary drivers. After purging nvidia-* finally solve uid 121. Later install not tested driver from same file, there's no uid 121, but drivers doesn't work at all. Can i have both working drivers and no uid 121? Geforce gtx 640m

I am running the latest version of Raspbian on an R Pi 5 and trying to use a CH348 serial hub with it, but it needs the driver. All the instructions and guides haven't worked, and I get errors about directories not existing or the driver file not being in the right format. * Driver: CH34x * I also tried following this guide https://github.com/WCHSoftGroup/ch9344ser_linux only to get that:

/lib/modules/6.6.62-v8-16k+/build: No such file or directory.

I want to install the driver to use this hub board for a project I have been working on. * Error1:

-shellsession
    $ make
    make -C /lib/modules/6.6.62-v8-16k+/build  M=/home/amp/Downloads/LINUX/driver
    make[1] : *** /lib/modules/6.6.62-v8-16k+/build: No such file or directory.  Stop.
    make: *** [Makefile:7: default] Error 2

* Error2:

-shellsession
    $ rpi-source
      File "/usr/bin/rpi-source", line 111
        except urllib2.HTTPError, e:
               ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    SyntaxError: multiple exception types must be parenthesized

**New Details:** * When I run lsusb the board shows up:

Bus 003 Device 004: ID 1a86:55d9 QinHeng Electronics USB2.0 To Multi Serial

* But the ports do not register/show-up when I run ls /dev/tty* * dmesg:

[   29.329064] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 2 using xhci-hcd
    [   29.479177] usb 3-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1a86, idProduct=55d9, bcdDevice= 1.3a
    [   29.479180] usb 3-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
    [   29.479183] usb 3-2: Product: USB2.0 To Multi Serial Ports
    [   29.479184] usb 3-2: Manufacturer: wch.cn
    [   99.373486] usb 3-2: USB disconnect, device number 2
    [  137.636035] usb 3-2: new high-speed USB device number 3 using xhci-hcd
    [  137.786126] usb 3-2: New USB device found, idVendor=1a86, idProduct=55d9, bcdDevice= 1.3a
    [  137.786131] usb 3-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=0
    [  137.786134] usb 3-2: Product: USB2.0 To Multi Serial Ports
    [  137.786137] usb 3-2: Manufacturer: wch.cn

So it sees the hub is there but not making the ports accessable.

My question is: If I'm building a PC and I want to use Linux on it, can I choose an NVIDIA card for it or is an AMD Radeon a better option? I asked this question in some PC Building forums, and what they could tell me is that AMD has better open-source drivers and they had / heard of some "headaches" with NVIDIA gpus. However I read a lot of articles about NVIDIA also releasing open-source drivers, how to make it work on Wayland etc. So, as most of the people in those PC hardware forums are windows users anyway, I wanted an opinion from the software side: Is it in 2024 still a bad idea to use NVIDIA Geforce GPUs on Linux? And what "headaches" could bring it? When saying "Linux" I mean Mint / Ubuntu at first, I read that it'd be easy to install NVIDIA drivers with the ubuntu-drivers command, but maybe I'd also like to try some Arch or other distros, I think I'd have to manually install them there, but it also seem to be not too complicated. I have no problem with using proprietary drivers, and would prefer the real NVIDIA drivers over Nouveau.

I have a Linux Mint 20.0 (Ulyana) Cinnamon , which is Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal) based. Also tested and valid for Linux Mint 21.1 (Vera) Cinnamon , which is Ubuntu 22.04 (Jammy) based. *** GPU : NVIDIA , GeForce GTX 1060 , Max-Q Design , 6 GB GDDR5X VRAM which has the basic specification as follows: *** Objective -- To install the latest available drivers **without using any PPA** (Personal Package Archive). *** Status -- If I run the integrated Mint's Driver Manager, I only see old versions available, an old example from the original question:

I have a PC Oscilloscope Instrustar ISDS205X which I used on Windows 10. Now that I have switched to Linux, I am unable to find the respective drivers for it. I have tried installing it on PlayOnLinux but the software doesn't install and so do its drivers. *Is there any method to convert such Windows drivers to run on Linux?* (My CPU is i5-4570 and Distro is Debian 10 KDE Plasma)

I'm using Debian 12 Bookworm, and currently, when I run

-a

, it shows:

Linux pctxd 6.1.0-20-amd64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Debian 6.1.85-1 (2024-04-11) x86_64 GNU/Linux

The package linux-image-6.1.0-21-amd64 and related packages are ready to install. However, the corresponding linux-headers-6.1.0-21-amd64 package is not available. Without these headers, the Nvidia drivers can't be compiled, rendering the graphical user interface non-functional—something I learned the hard way during the last upgrade to 6.1.85-1. Running aptitude show yields:

Package: linux-image-6.1.0-21-amd64      
Version: 6.1.90-1
New: yes
State: not installed
Priority: optional
Section: kernel
Maintainer: Debian Kernel Team 
Architecture: amd64
Uncompressed Size: 408 M
Depends: kmod, linux-base (>= 4.3~), initramfs-tools (>= 0.120+deb8u2) | linux-initramfs-tool
Recommends: firmware-linux-free, apparmor
Suggests: linux-doc-6.1, debian-kernel-handbook, grub-pc | grub-efi-amd64 | extlinux
Conflicts: linux-image-6.1.0-21-amd64-unsigned
Breaks: fwupdate (< 12-7), initramfs-tools (< 0.120+deb8u2), wireless-regdb (< 2019.06.03-1~)
Replaces: linux-image-6.1.0-21-amd64-unsigned
Provides: $kernel (= 6.1.90-1)

Just now, web page Package: linux-headers-6.1.0-21-amd64 seems to describe the missing package, but clicking the “list of files” button results in a error page with the information “No such package in this suite on this architecture.” Currently, there is another Security update (regarding libglib2.0) waiting. So, the time lag between the kernel security update and the linux header files necessary for my graphic UI is a increasing risk. For future updates: Is there a way to automatically defer the kernel update until the linux-headers package is available but process the security updates of other packages?

After breaking my setup for the 9999999^10th time with Nvidia Firmware & Drivers, I just did:

sudo apt purge nvidia*
sudo apt purge cuda*

Now my system boots faster and I really can't tell the difference between the default Debian Sid Nouveau and non-free nvidia drivers. Seems like they have a bad reputation to me, am I missing something. Working perfect for me now.

In particular, I want to replace the stock network drivers (r8169) with something else (r8168) in the installation ISO. Is this possible? Currently, I have to install Ubuntu/Debian/CentOS (same problem with the driver in all distros) first, and then install the correct network driver, add it to the kernel and then blacklist the old one. I would like to avoid this long winded process if possible. Hopefully, there's a way to do this on Windows (Understandably, I don't want to boot into the Linux installation without a working internet connection). Isn't there a way to do this from within Windows? For example, by opening up the iso files and replacing the stock driver module... Where are the network drivers located within the ISO?

I have a small pc linux box like intel nuc dual atom where I run some firewall settings. Previously this machine runned debian 9 and everything worked fine. I could have used the machine in middle of 2 others to send data at very high speed around 50-70MB/s transfer rate (gigabit ethernet). Now since I moved the setup to debian 12 my rate dropped to 9-10MB/s, by looking for an answer I found that ksoftirqd was taking a lot of cpu. I tried raising the MTU from 1500 to 3000 but I achieved only a small improvement like 16 MB/s (while still maxing out the cpu) and some adapters I'm using doesn't support MTU over 4000. My opinion is that there's something else that is not working correctly... 2 main things have changed from debian 9: - iptables is now nftables - the driver on that machine if I remember correctly was installed from manifacturer, now is provided directly in debian 12 via the non-free-firmware package what settings or log can I inspect to solve the problem? can be some settings be changed to allow more resources being used (like ram) in order to allow longer irq queque and improve the throughput or tell nftables to treat all subsequent packages of the same type in the same way speeding up everything up?

I would like to use a Samsung multifunction laser printer as a local, USB-connected printer, from a recently-installed Parrot Security 5.3 OS, a security-hardened version of Debian. The Samsung Universal Print & Scan Driver v.1 for Linux is provided via the HP website (HP now services Samsung printers) and is installed by executing a shell script. The driver requires CUPS to be installed, so I first successfully installed CUPS and then successfully installed the Samsung printer driver. The terminal informed me that both the CUPS backend (for the printer driver) and the SANE backend (for the scan driver) were successfully registered and both cups and udev successfully started and that the installation was successful. Since this is a local, cable-connected printer and not a network printer, I did not ask the shell script to configure the firewall. (Parrot considers CUPS to be a security risk and therefore disables it by default, however it works properly when the service is started.) My problem is that the printer is nowhere recognized when I plug in the cable: no system scanning for drivers, etc. When I verified with the CUPS web interface whether any printer was recognized, there wasn't any printer that was recognized. However I am reluctant to use the CUPS web interface since its localhost:631 interface uses http only, and not https, which I consider to be antediluvian in today's world. An additional problem is that the MATE System Control Center used by Parrot OS does not seem to have a specific panel for printers, as Ubuntu seems to have.I still don't understand why CUPS does not recognize the printer driver despite having been successfully integrated into the CUPS backend (same for scan driver). I also tried to install gutenprint drivers to see if my printer would recognize them. Unfortunately, Parrot OS does not allow me to install them due to unmet dependency issues (but that is a different problem) - so no gutenprint. Could anyone please help me on how I could get my system to recognize the printer/ scanner without using CUPS over an unsecured web interface? Please know that I am new to Linux, so please be precise in your answers so that I can look something up if I don't understand it. Thanks a bundle !