I am running podman version 5.4.0 on Rocky Linux 9.6. I notice that when a container is killed along with its 'conmon ' OCI runtime wrapper, say by issuing a kill -9, the podman ps command does not detect the dead container for a good 5 minutes+. In the intervening time, the command lists the container as being up even as other commands like podman stats , podman exec all fail pointing correctly to the container as being dead in the error message! $ podman ps -a | grep kafka 7fd65b99d2a0 localhost/****/cp-kafka:*.*.* /etc/confluent/do... 39 hours ago Up 37 hours 9092/tcp kafka $ podman exec -it 7fd65b99d2a0 bash Error: OCI runtime error: crun: the container 7fd65b99d2a06252078fc85d3c9832d4c1410e0d185bb9cde08c6641aca31334 is not running $ podman stats 7fd65b99d2a0 Error: cannot get cgroup path unless container 7fd65b99d2a06252078fc85d3c9832d4c1410e0d185bb9cde08c6641aca31334 is running: container is stopped I understand the parent runtime monitor is also killed but i am not sure if that justifies reporting an incorrect status in the podman ps command. Is that the expected behavior? Can this be tweaked in some way to be more responsive?

I have four systemd services: {a,b,c,d}.service. d.service is the "main" service, and it is the one that parses the configuration file for all four. Typically, the four are started together. To make it easier to apply configuration changes, I have marked {a,b,c}.service as PartOf=d.service in their unit files. That way, when I restart d.service, the configuration changes are applied across all four services. However, there are circumstances (debugging, for example) where I want to **only** restart d.service without affecting {a,b,c}.service. Is there a way for me to do this, either through options for the systemctl restart command or through unit file configurations? I could also, I suppose, make a wrapper service - e.service - that contains {a,b,c,d}.service and then restart that when I want to apply config changes. I wanted to see if there was a way to do this without adding a fifth service, though. This is perhaps a misuse of systemd, and I'll gladly take recommendations for ways that I can structure this configuration better.

I manage a Debian (Bookworm) host. The sshd config is set to disallow login as root. I've tested that one cannot login as root, as expected. However, I see hundreds of login attempts daily as root in /var/log/auth.log. Even though I have what I think is adequate reason to believe they can't succeed, the constant brute-force attacks make me uneasy. I am considering adding a ufw rule in /etc/ufw/before.rules to block any attempt to connect with ssh as root. Is there any value in adding the proposed rule or something like it? Or would that be redundant and/or potentially cause problems?

I'd like to generate a full-page QR code from the command line. The following command sort of accomplishes this: qrencode -o- https://example.net | convert png:- -gravity center -units pixelsperinch -density 300 -resize 2551x3295 -extent 2551x3295 qrcode.pdf Unfortunately, the resulting QR code is quite blurry, as though imagemagick is doing some sort of unwanted antialiasing. Is there a way to make the code completely crisp, or just a better/simpler approach to generating a PDF file with a full-page QR code?

(I'm not sure exactly what SE site my question belongs, I hesitated between stackoverflow, serverfault and superuser. Feel free to give suggestions about this in the comments.) Here is my problem: I have two users on my linux computer, bli and pquarato. bli installed python3.6 locally (compiling from source with ./configure --prefix=${HOME}). The binary is installed in /home/bli/bin, pip3.6 installs things in /home/bli/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages. For instance, numpy is installed there: (bli) $ pip3.6 install numpy Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /home/bli/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages I want pquarato to be able to use bli's python installation. bli did chmod -R a+rx on /home/bli/bin and /home/bli/.local. pquarato can use bli's python3.6 binary, but it is not able to import modules installed with pip3.6: (pquarato) $ /home/bli/bin/python3.6 -c 'import numpy' Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'numpy' The above works without errors for bli. What else should I do? ----- Note: I actually first ran into a problem when trying to get pquarato to use programs such as ipython3: (pquarato) $ /home/bli/.local/bin/ipython3 Traceback (most recent call last): File "/home/bli/.local/bin/ipython3", line 6, in from pkg_resources import load_entry_point File "/home/bli/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3017, in @_call_aside File "/home/bli/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3003, in _call_aside f(*args, **kwargs) File "/home/bli/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3030, in _initialize_master_working_set working_set = WorkingSet._build_master() File "/home/bli/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 659, in _build_master ws.require(__requires__) File "/home/bli/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 967, in require needed = self.resolve(parse_requirements(requirements)) File "/home/bli/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 853, in resolve raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers) pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'ipython==6.2.1' distribution was not found and is required by the application I hope that the same solution will solve both the ModuleNotFoundError and the above DistributionNotFound issue.

In GPT/BIOS, GRUB2 "installs" on BIOS boot partition "core.img" consiting of "diskboot.img", lzma decompressor (lzma_decompress.img) and core.img (IIUC). I assumed that skipping 512 B of diskboot.img, then skipping lzma decompressor (2880 B on SLES), I would get compressed "real" core.img (ending where '00 00' follows). But how to decompress this part? Or, do I do anything wrong? BTW, I can't decompress even /boot/grub2/i386-pc/core.img (on SLES too) while skipping same parts... The goal is to see real "core.img" data to detect a modification...

I'm trying to increase the brightness of my screen in order to see well what I'm doing (because the set brightness is so low thay I can't see anything if I have some light behind me). Before asking here I have investigated and found some possible ways that didn't work for me: I tried to increase the backlight of my laptop (since it's too dark) by using brightnessctl (which teorically worked but didn't actually change anything, since the brightness didn't change) or xbacklight (which didn't work because, as I have understood, it's for intel GPUs), so I tried to change it manually in /sys/class/backlight/[device]. I could find a device called **radeon_bl0** inside the mentioned path, and some subdirectories inside radeon_bl0 such as: actual_brightness, bl_power (set to 0), brightness, device, max_brightness (255), power, scale, subsystem, type and uevent. Seeing that, I tried to do it with echo 200 > /sys/class/backlight/radeon_bl0/brightness. Actually, it changed the number inside the file (the cat command showed the new value), but the actual (physical) backlight was the same. I don't know why does this happen, but I think it could be related to brightnessctl not working. Thanks for reading this, I hope someone can help me :) PD: My GPU is an AMD ATI Mobility Radeon 9550 EDIT: The laptop is a Packard Bell Easynote PB26M00704

I installed NordVPN from the AUR (nordvpn-bin package) around a week or two weeks ago. After installing and getting logged in it worked as it was supposed to. However, after rebooting my computer, every time I try to connect, no matter what server I try to connect to, I get the following message: at 07:44:37 ❯❯❯ nordvpn connect chicago Connecting to United States #8798 (us8798.nordvpn.com) Whoops! We couldn't connect you to 'chicago'. Please try again. If the problem persists, contact our customer support. I tried logging out and back in, restarting nordvpnd, and running as sudo. All of my packages are up to date. I'm not sure what else to try. Any ideas?

I'm attempting to run 32 bit linux off of a usb for an old XP machine. There are important files on the computer's base drive, so formatting or partitioning isn't on the cards. So far I've tried AntiX and Debian, and in both cases I was sent straight to grub repair with the error "/boot/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod cannot be found". Using grub rescue I identified the correct partition, and can use ls to see the list of folders to find the /boot folder, however any attempt to ls into the boot folder produces an empty line before returning the command prompt. Examining the usb with a different computer, the normal.mod file is there in its correct place, however the boot folder and a few other folders cannot be written to or modified due to permission issues which I can't figure out. My best guess is that grub simply isn't allowing itself to read the boot folder, but I'm not sure

Have a server running centos 7.6, and it has 4 ssd's as Raid-0 mounted as /scratch/ I have the linux program stress-1.0.4-16 and I just learned stress-ng existed. Is there a way with stress to tell it to do I/O operations to stress a specific set of disks such as my 4 disk Raid-0? Or does it only work on whatever the root file system is such as /tmp? And if that's the case I've done systemctl enable tmp.mount which means the /tmp folder is no longer on disk negating the disk i/o function of stress ?

I'm getting back into Linux and am running Kubuntu 21.10, and I want to make a proper full backup of the system now that I've configured it how I like. This is the command I used to create a backup on a separate drive: sudo rsync -aAXv / --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found"} "/media/backuppath/" This is what my partitions look like for the drive I want to back up: /dev/sda1 fat32 /boot/efi (primary) /dev/sda2 extended /dev/sda5 ext4 / I am new to rsync, so it would be helpful to know if this backup command will take care of everything to restore an exact system backup: system settings, installed programs, etc. More importantly, what do I need to run to restore this if the time ever comes?

I'm following the tutorial: A full Python + Kirigami application to learn how to build Python applications using PySide6 and Kirigami for KDE, under Arch Linux and Fedora. However, when running the script, I get the following error:

import QtQuick
import QtQuick.Layouts
import QtQuick.Controls as Controls
import org.kde.kirigami as Kirigami

Kirigami.ApplicationWindow {
    id: root

    title: qsTr("Simple Markdown viewer")

    minimumWidth: Kirigami.Units.gridUnit * 20
    minimumHeight: Kirigami.Units.gridUnit * 20
    width: minimumWidth
    height: minimumHeight

    pageStack.initialPage: initPage

    Component {
        id: initPage

        Kirigami.Page {
            title: qsTr("Markdown Viewer")

            ColumnLayout {
                anchors {
                    top: parent.top
                    left: parent.left
                    right: parent.right
                }
                Controls.TextArea {
                    id: sourceArea

                    placeholderText: qsTr("Write some Markdown code here")
                    wrapMode: Text.WrapAnywhere
                    Layout.fillWidth: true
                    Layout.minimumHeight: Kirigami.Units.gridUnit * 5 
                }

                RowLayout {
                    Layout.fillWidth: true

                    Controls.Button {
                        text: qsTr("Format")
                        onClicked: formattedText.text = sourceArea.text
                    }

                    Controls.Button {
                        text: qsTr("Clear")
                        onClicked: {
                            sourceArea.text = ""
                            formattedText.text = ""
                        }
                    }
                }

                Text {
                    id: formattedText

                    textFormat: Text.RichText
                    wrapMode: Text.WordWrap
                    text: sourceArea.text

                    Layout.fillWidth: true
                    Layout.minimumHeight: Kirigami.Units.gridUnit * 5
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
I run it with: python3 src/__main__.py And I get this output:

./src/qml/main.qml:4:1: module "org.kde.kirigami" is not installed ./src/qml/main.qml: module "org.kde.desktop" is not installed My problem: I can’t figure out how to fix the error: module "org.kde.kirigami" and "org.kde.desktop" is not installed But Kirigami is already installed on my system.

I'm trying to connect to use remote servers in multi monitor setup with following command

xfreerdp3 /d:foobar.intranet /u:myuser /v:xx.xx.xx.31 \
    +clipboard +sound -wallpaper /cert:ignore \
    /multimon:force /monitors:0,3

The problem is that both monitors are mirrored in full screen and are not interactable (it's like they show a default desktop without any input). My monitors are:

❯ xfreerdp3 /list:monitor
      *  2560x1440	+2560+0
         1920x1080	+7680+0
         2560x1440	+5120+0
         2560x1440	+0+0

The thing which makes no sense to me is that in the window preview both monitors are rendered correctly but if opened it's still frozen. I'm using CachyOS with KDE Plasma, both on the newest default release.

I know how to create and use a swap partition but can I also use a file instead? How can I create a swap file on a Linux system?

I want to install an rpm from a repo just once and not have to add it to my yum.repos.d/ directory using the tmprepo plugin. However, I’m blocked on how to install an rpm with no gpg signature. The ‘—nogpgcheck’ option doesn’t work with the tmprepo plugin and I need to manually append ‘pkgs_gpgcheck=false’ to /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/tmprepo.conf. sudo yum --tmprepo=http://edge.artifactory.example.com:8000/artifactory/chef_rpms/rhel/chef_rpms.repo --nogpgcheck install chef ## ^^ this fails as —nogpgcheck doesn’t work with tmprepo which defaults to gpgcheck unless I manually edit /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/tmprepo.conf Any way this can be done when calling yum on command line? I don’t want to go about changing a file on the system for a one-time thing. Thanks! - Faheem

i'm using Linux Mint. I recently updated my workstation, and from this moment, my drivers went nuts. I was working fine before, with the nvidia-361 drivers, and, when i finished my updates, and after rebooting the PC, il was running in "software rendering mode". I finally get to have a correct desktop, but now, i'm quite sure the card isn't fonctionning properly, because i can't launch any simple game with 3D (like blazeRush for example, wich was running fine before). This is the result of a lspci -vnnn 01:00.0 VGA compatible controller : NVIDIA Corporation GF104 [GeForce GTX 460] [10de:0e22] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller]) Subsystem: Gigabyte Technology Co., Ltd GF104 [GeForce GTX 460] [1458:34fc] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 124 Memory at dc000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M] Memory at d0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=128M] Memory at d8000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=64M] I/O ports at e000 [size=128] Expansion ROM at de000000 [disabled] [size=512K] Capabilities: Power Management version 3 Capabilities: MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+ Capabilities: Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [b4] Vendor Specific Information: Len=14 Capabilities: Virtual Channel Capabilities: Power Budgeting Capabilities: Vendor Specific Information: ID=0001 Rev=1 Len=024 Kernel driver in use: nouveau Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_375_drm, nvidia_375 As you can see, the kernel driver in use is "nouveau", but i would like to use nvidia_375 instead. I already tried to purge with apt like this sudo apt purge *nvidia* xserver-xorg*nouveau* bbswitch* but when i do that, after a reboot, "nouveau" is still here ... i can try to install again the proprietary drivers, but i will be back in the same situation as before the purge. I'm running out of options.

Assuming (on GNU linux, with GNU libstdc++ and C++17 -not C++23- compiled by [GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/) version 15 or later) I have a std::ifstream* f; pointer to a valid input stream (presumably opened). How can I get the POSIX input file descriptor? (e.g. to use [poll(2)](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/poll.2.html) or [fstat(2)](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/stat.2.html) ...) I tried f->get_fd() and it does not compile. Same question for std::ofstream and the POSIX output file descriptor. Thanks.

Suppose I have downloaded the source of some software I want to install *just for myself*, not system-wide; say Emacs or whatever. Typically the source is downloaded zipped, then it's unzipped in some directory. This directory contains files like "Makefile", "LICENSE", "configure", and so on. **Question: where should such a source directory be stored (for future check or use) within one's $HOME directory?** I checked the [XDG Base Directory Specification](https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/latest/) , but I don't manage to recognize any guidelines there – also because I'm a noob and I don't know if such files are considered "data files" or "state files" or other technical denomiations. A lot of (old) questions ask about where to install the local *executables*, for instance [this question](https://askubuntu.com/q/1148/1519798) or [this question](https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/127076/515980) or [this question](https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/316765/515980) (my system Kubuntu 24.04 confirms that ~/.local/bin is a good place, it's added to $PATH by default). Only [this question](https://unix.stackexchange.com/q/362642/515980) asks about the source files, but it seems to refer to system-wide ones, not local-user ones. It seems strange to me to have to save the source in system-wide /usr/src or the like.

I have a dual boot system with CentOS 7 and Win10. My install was totally vanilla (CentOS then Win10) and went fine. Everything is great except that grub does not appear to save my "last" choice from the boot load menu. I dug through all the grub configuration files (e.g. /boot/efi/EFI/centos/grub.cfg) and all the code seems there for recording the last choice. My /etc/default/grub shows: GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 ... GRUB_DEFAULT=saved ... GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=true Is there anything obvious I am missing or need to do to enable this? My /etc/efi/EFI/centos/grubenv never apperas to record the latest selection. It always has: saved_entry=CentOS Linux (3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64) 7 (Core) ##########[...snip...padding to 1k] I can't see this file from a Windows boot, but I did test via the "rescue Centos entry". I manually set the value in grubenv to Windows Boot Manager (on /dev/sda2) (the Windows entry) and this works out okay. However, booting back into CentOS fails to change it. It just seems I am missing something to enable this "save the last choice" behavior. Any ideas?

I am running Arch Linux and have Xfce4 installed along with Chromium. I want to make Chromium my default web browser, but unless I pass the option --user-data-dir=/home/chris, it doesn't start because I am the root user. I have tried going to Applications->Settings->Preferred Applications in Xfce and setting the web browser to /usr/bin/chromium "%s" --user-data-dir=/home/chris (I have also switched "%s" and the option). However, when I click on the web browser icon in the bottom panel, I get the normal Chromium error (can't run as root) and another error Failed to Execute default Web Browser - Input/Output Error So, my question is how can I make Chromium the default web browser and pass the required argument every time it is started?