I'm attempting to run 32 bit linux off of a usb for an old XP machine. There are important files on the computer's base drive, so formatting or partitioning isn't on the cards. So far I've tried AntiX and Debian, and in both cases I was sent straight to grub repair with the error "/boot/grub/i386-pc/normal.mod cannot be found". Using grub rescue I identified the correct partition, and can use ls to see the list of folders to find the /boot folder, however any attempt to ls into the boot folder produces an empty line before returning the command prompt. Examining the usb with a different computer, the normal.mod file is there in its correct place, however the boot folder and a few other folders cannot be written to or modified due to permission issues which I can't figure out. My best guess is that grub simply isn't allowing itself to read the boot folder, but I'm not sure

There's a lot of information on installing 64-bit Linux on 32-bit UEFI. It's a mess even here, but I've seen ways (rEFInd, etc). But this laptop (HP Envy X2) has a 32-bit architecture and exclusively EFI (no CSM / legacy BIOS). So, how can I install a **32-bit** Linux distribution on a **32-bit** architecture, with **EFI** only? At this point I'd be fine with pretty much any distribution. But if there's choice, I'd go with Arch-based, or Debian-based. I have experience in GNU/Linux and installation / etc. I'm looking for EFI-specific help. The laptop currently runs Windows 10 with basically no drivers, but I have access to Debian and Windows on my desktop. Thanks! PS: [This](https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/251705/32bit-or-64bit-linux-distro-with-32bit-uefi-support) is not a duplicate as the questioner is (I believe) wrong in believing that the X2's CPU supports 64-bit. The answer there is also merely a distribution name.

I have a stats package 32-bit binary (P-Stat) which is no longer produced (this is the last version ever). I run this successfully by adding sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 sudo apt update sudo apt install lib32stdc++6 lib32z1 lib32ncurses6 I did this after installing Linux Mint 22, and have also done so successfully on older 64-bit systems. The /lib/ld-linux.so.2 interpreter is present on the system, corresponding to the details from running the file command on the p-stat binary. I have now been sent an even older version of the P-Stat binary to test on some very old data formats, and file says it needs /lib/ld-linux.so.1 which I don't have [yet]. Two questions: 1. can I have both ld-linux.so.1and ld-linux.so.2 present on the same system? 2. what do I need to install to get ld-linux.so.1?

When starting Lutris this error is shown in the console. If i386 libGL.so.1 is needed or not a problem to install how to install it? Do I need to enable 32bit sources in sources.list? I already have libgl1 and libglu1-mesa-dev installed (on Debian 12).

Although the Android Development Tools (ADT) bundle is available as a zip package for 'Linux 64 Bit' it states following requirements : > 64-bit distributions must be capable of running 32-bit applications. And indeed, just running the packaged eclipse on a Fedora 17 64 bit system results in errors, because it can't 'find' several development tools, e.g. adb or aapt: > Error executing aapt: Cannot run program "/home/juser/local/adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt": error=2, No such file or directory: error=2, No such file or directory The 'no such file' is misleading because it is there (under $HOME/local): adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt But I can't execute it on the shell: ~/local $ ./adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt zsh: no such file or directory: ./adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt Looking at the file $ file adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt adt-bundle-linux/sdk/platform-tools/aapt: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.8, not stripped we see that it is a 32 binary. And it seems that my system (currently) is not capable of running 32-bit applications. How do I change that? How do I make a current Fedora 64 bit system capable of running 32 bit applications? (Of course one could also ask why someone ends up putting 32 bit binaries into a binary package called 'Linux 64 bit' ...)

I am trying to fix my held broken packages issue, I am missing libGL.so.1 and am trying to download steam to get the sims 4. I cannot download EA app on my system because EA only runs on windows and mac, I obviously have Debian 10/linux 10. How do I fix my issue of having held broken packages and adding libGL.so.1? Below is what I am receiving The following packages have unmet dependencies: libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 : Depends: libzstd1:i386 (>= 1.3.2) but it is not going to be installed E: unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. you are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and steam may not run: libGL.so.1 Fatal error: Failed to load steamui.so

I can run steam games through the application itself and certain games successfully launch and play like Doki Doki Literature club. However games like Destiny or Poe fail to run and I am met with the response createDXGIFactory1: call failed. So I did some research and games like that require a 32 bit driver, while I have only the 64 bit driver, I've attempted to download the NVIDIA driver and my terminal presents the following message: (1) Another program may be editing the same file. If this is the case, be careful not to end up with two different instances of the same file when making changes. Quit, or continue with caution. (2) An edit session for this file crashed. If this is the case, use ":recover" or "vim -r /home/divinadivine/Downloads/NVIDIA-Linux-x86-384.111.run" to recover the changes (see ":help recovery"). If you did this already, delete the swap file "/home/divinadivin e/.cache/vim/swap/%home%divinadivine%Downloads%NVIDIA-Linux-x86-384. 111.run.swp" to avoid this message. Swap file "~/.cache/vim/swap/%home%divinadivine%Downloads%NVIDIA-Lin ux-x86-384.111.run.swp" already exists!

Just made my Live-USB from 64bit Mint 21.3 (https://www.linuxmint.com/torrents/linuxmint-21.3-xfce-64bit.iso.torrent) and plugged into my old 32bit laptop, forgetting it still is such old. (Probably it's not relevant, but in any case: I created the USB stick basically following the answer at https://askubuntu.com/a/1227225/602021) Everything boots and runs fine, new software comes from amd64 repository, is installable and runs also. How can that be, given that it is software for another architecture? **EDIT:** Laptop chipset & model: $ lscpu Architecture: i686 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Address sizes: 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 2 On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU T6600 @ 2.20GHz CPU family: 6 Model: 23 Thread(s) per core: 1 Core(s) per socket: 2 Socket(s): 1 Stepping: 10 CPU(s) scaling MHz: 66% CPU max MHz: 2200,0000 CPU min MHz: 1200,0000 BogoMIPS: 4388,93 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht tm pbe nx lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts cpuid aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl est $ sudo dmidecode | grep -A3 '^System Information' System Information Manufacturer: Acer Product Name: Extensa 5220 Version: 0100

I have a 64-bit (amd64 a.k.a. x86_64) Debian or Ubuntu installation. I need to run 32-bit (i386/i686) programs occasionally, or to compile programs for a 32-bit system. How can I do this with a minimum of fuss? Bonus: what if I want to run or test with an older or newer release of the distribution?

I'm trying to execute a compiled software on a Raspberry PI 4. When I execute it, I see this error message:

Failed to set ISR
: No such file or directory

Has anyone come across this message? I did not find the answer in google.

I want to install an old 64-bit Linux program that depends on some old 32-bit libraries. I don't want to install these old libraries system-wide because other programs won't use them. Also, my package manager can't handle them because some of them are not available in the repositories (even if I add i386 architecture). How can I deal with odd libraries without messing my system? I don't want to add i386 architecture just for these libraries. Is there a workaround?

I have noticed, that Manjaro Linux (kernel 6.6.8) loads 32 bit executable files with ADDR_LIMIT_3GB set. Or as: setarch -B --3g. But I have a clear memory, that earlier it was not the case and 32 bit programs started in --4G mode. Is it hardcoded in the kernel or is configurable behavior? How to change it?

I have written a freeware console app in VB.net, which I have fine-tuned and successfully tested in headless Raspberry Pi Bullseye. I have also written a installation script after checking its dependencies (https://bit.ly/multilarm-linux) . However, on a fresh emulation (Raspberry Pi Bookworm emulation on VirtualBox), despite installing the dependencies (which to be fair, does not install new packages apart from Bass drivers), ldd outputs as follows: admin@raspberry:~ $ ldd ./Multilarm linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff501f5000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f8fa34d1000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f8fa34cb000) libz.so.1 => not found librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f8fa34c1000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f8fa34a7000) libstdc++.so.6 => not found libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f8fa3361000) libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f8fa318d000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f8fa3f87000) I have tried installing lib64z1 and lib32stdc++6 with no avail. My app already contains the .net framework files as a single package. I am wondering whether this problem has to do anything with the fact that the RPi kernel is 64-bit (uname -m x86_64) running in a 32 bit namespace. admin@raspberry:~ $ locate libz.so.1 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libz.so.1.2.11 admin@raspberry:~ $ locate libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28 /usr/lib32/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib32/libstdc++.so.6.0.28 /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6.0.28-gdb.py /usr/share/gdb/auto-load/usr/lib32/libstdc++.so.6.0.28-gdb.py Please help.

I am on Linux Mint 21.2 (Victoria) Cinnamon amd64 on Intel 7700HQ, and since I now found out there are 293 (dpkg -l | grep i386 | wc -l) 32-bit (i386) packages left from previous years, I don't know if this question is clear, but anyway: Should I remove all i386 packages? If so, or at least the majority of them, how should I proceed in several manageable steps? Thank you.

I have an old iPad Mini (2013 model) that I thought to resurrect as a screen for a Raspberry Pi with VNC Viewer, but when I try to download the app (or any app) via App Store I get an error with "the app is not compatible with your iPad".  I dig a bit and I found that such model has 32-bit architecture and that most apps are no longer supporting those builds.  Is there any place, like an archive, where I can get such 32-bit versions of the apps (mainly VNC, but if I get the change of getting some others, then better)?  If so, how could I install them? For reference, >A **.ipa** file is an iOS and iPadOS application archive file which stores an iOS/iPadOS app.     — Wikipedia

(Originally asked on [ask ubuntu](https://askubuntu.com/questions/1467968/installed-package-is-not-installable-on-xenial-i386) but it's off-topic there since Ubuntu 16.04 LTS has reached the end of it's standard support life; and is also off-topic on [SO](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76252952/installed-package-is-not-installable-on-xenial-i386) . Third's the charm?) Part of installing a package i'm maintaining is a dist-upgrade. I noticed that there have been recent changes in the repos, such as upgrading libmysqlclient18 to libmysqlclient20, so i had to change my dependencies accordingly. However, now i can't install my app because it depends on an installed package that is apparently not installable. $ uname -a Linux myvm 4.4.0-210-generic #242-Ubuntu SMP Fri Apr 16 09:57:00 UTC 2021 i686 i686 i686 GNU/Linux $ lsb_release -a No LSB modules are available. Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 16.04.7 LTS Release: 16.04 Codename: xenial $ sudo apt install ./myapp-dep1.deb ./myapp-dep2.deb ./myapp-bin.deb Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Note, selecting 'myapp-dep1' instead of './myapp-dep1.deb' Note, selecting 'myapp-dep2' instead of './myapp-dep2.deb' Note, selecting 'myapp-bin' instead of './myapp-bin.deb' Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming. The following information may help to resolve the situation: The following packages have unmet dependencies: myapp-bin : Depends: libhpdf (>= 2.2.1) but it is not installable E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages. $ apt search libhpdf Sorting... Done Full Text Search... Done libhpdf-2.2.1/xenial,now 2.2.1-1.1 i386 [installed] C library for generating pdf files libhpdf-dev/xenial,now 2.2.1-1.1 i386 [installed] C library for generating pdf files (development files) $ find /usr/lib/ -name "libhpdf*" /usr/lib/libhpdf.so /usr/lib/libhpdf-2.2.1.so The Depends line in my DEBIAN/control includes, among others, Depends: .., libhpdf (>=2.2.1), .. so what am i doing wrong? At first i assumed they dropped i386 altogether, but it's still listed, at least in [some repos](http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/libh/libharu/) . The [Xenial page](https://ubuntu.com/16-04) states that Xenial's now in ESM, and the [ESM page](https://ubuntu.com/security/esm) lists x86 as a supported architecture for Xenial. I do doubt my company has ESM support though, but can't get an official source on whether or not they dropped x86 for non-ESM. I thought Xenial was the last version to support x86, following versions only supporting x86_64, but comments on the askubuntu thread say otherwise. I tried to install using aptitude as suggested on the SO thread but cannot get it to install a local .deb file. Also tried with dpkg with similar results: $ sudo dpkg -i ./myapp-dep1.deb ./myapp-dep2.deb ./myapp-bin.deb Selecting previously unselected package myapp-dep1. (Reading database ... 112300 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack ./myapp-dep1.deb ... Unpacking myapp-dep1 (2023.02.01.214-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package myapp-dep2. Preparing to unpack ./myapp-dep2.deb ... Unpacking myapp-dep2 (1.0-1) ... Selecting previously unselected package myapp-bin. Preparing to unpack ./myapp-bin.deb ... Unpacking myapp-bin (1.0-420) ... Setting up myapp-dep2 (1.0-1) ... dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of myapp-bin: myapp-bin depends on libhpdf (>= 2.2.1); however: Package libhpdf is not installed. dpkg: error processing package myapp-bin (--install): dependency problems - leaving unconfigured Setting up myapp-dep1 (2023.02.01.214-1) ... Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ... Errors were encountered while processing: myapp-bin ...only it is still installed.

I have a system on which I *have* to run a 32-bit Linux kernel, as it needs to interact with obsolete hardware which only have a 32-bit driver available. Changing the driver is not feasible. The Dell machine I am trying to accomplish this on does not have a CSM (legacy boot support) that works with internal drives. (It only has M.2 NVME internal drive slots) I installed Grub 64-bit UEFI (from an Ubuntu live disk), and it detects my "legacy" Linux instance (on the same disk, if it's important. GPT-formatted.), however when I select that 32-bit kernel from the "legacy" Linux install, Grub gives me an error: Kernel doesn't support 64-bit CPUs. Can anyone shed some light on this or point me in the right direction? I was under the impression that it was no problem for Grub to boot a different architecture kernel.

I'm planning to install a Debian 32-bit or 64-bit if possible. It is a Toshiba Netbook NB305-N410BL-bn The mfg specs list my Intel Atom® Processor N450 512K Cache, 1.66 GHz as a 64-bit processor https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/42503/intel-atom-processor-n450-512k-cache-1-66-ghz.html#tab-blade-1-0 The computer specs show it as a 32-bit running windows 7 starter. I don't know if this is the right distro, which installer, or if I should run 32 or 64-bit.

I have an old PC that used to run Windows XP (32bit). There are two hard drives. I tried to turn it on again, but Windows would not boot. I then decided to install Linux. I tried Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Debian, and Silaz (32-bit versions). They all do the same thing - they start booting, I get a menu, I select install... and then get a black screen with a blinking cursor. I first assumed it was the somewhat rare graphic card. So I uninstalled it and put a standard PCI card in — same issue. I then removed the slave drive and tried to install it with just the master. Same issue. I then removed the master, jumpered the slave as the new master, and tried again - the same result. I then started the Debian CD (had the nicest boot menu), went into isolinux, and added nomodeset to the kernel prompt. No change. What else could I do/try? It is a Pentium 4 2.4 GHZ. The board states it is a "Medion MD5000 v1.0".

So I took over an orphaned AUR package that contains separate sources for 32-bit and 64-bit packages. I'm on a 64-bit machine, but I want to also test that the 32-bit installation works before I push the updated PKGBUILD. I've read through the [PKGBUILD](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PKGBUILD) section of the Arch Linux Wiki, but it doesn't mention anything about doing this. Example of what PKGBUILD looks like (simplified):

pkgname=...
pkgver=...
pkgdesc=...
arch=('i686' 'x86_64')
depends_x86_64=(
  'lib32-freetype2')
depends_i686=(
  'freetype2')
source_x86_64=("https://site.com/download/{pkgver}_amd64.deb "
                "https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/l/lib32-freetype2/lib32-freetype2-2.11.0-3-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst ")
source_i686=("https://site.com/download/{pkgver}_i386.deb "
              "https://archive.archlinux.org/packages/f/freetype2/freetype2-2.11.0-4-x86_64.pkg.tar.zst ")
sha256sums_i686=('SKIP'
                 'SKIP')
sha256sums_x86_64=('SKIP'
                   'SKIP')

package() {
	install -d -m0755 "${pkgdir}"/usr/{share/applications,share/pkgname}
}

How can I force makepkg to build the 32bit version?